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111牛津高中英语模块一（第二讲）主讲教师：邵磊 主审 孙德霖【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容：牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （下）二、教学要求：1掌握和学校活动有关的常用单词、词组与句型。2学会用英语写通知和海报。3语法：定语从句（二）【知识重点与学习难点】一、重要单词：contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.二、重点词组：refer to 指 , function as当作使用, 具有.的功能 , leave out省略 , relate to 和相关 , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place发生, make decision作决定, make comparison作比较, take turns轮流, follow the outline按照纲要, be responsible for对负责, consist of包含,由构成, come up with想出, base on根据, have it approved by征得.的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up签名参加.【难点讲解】1. I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs. 我必须在一个有课桌椅的地方做家庭作业。I dont want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small. 我不想在桌椅太小的房间里学习。第一句里定语从句 that has desks and chairs的关系代词that指代主句中的名词room，作从句的主语；第二句里定语从句where desks and chairs are too small的关系副词where 指代主句中的in a room, 在从句中是地点状语。试比较：1） This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays.2） This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.上一句的beach是北欧人度假的地方，在这个地方是地点状语，所以用关系副词where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是beach，它是从句的主语，所有以用关系代词that来指代。2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your fathers bookcases instead. 除此之外，我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书，而不是去做作业。She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework. 她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。“might be reading”，“will be reading”属于“情态动词be+doing” 的结构，表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如：I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework.等他做完家庭作业时，我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱的足球比赛了。“instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是.” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表达完整的意思，“instead of ”则可以在一句话中表达做了和没做的事情。例如：1） We didnt go home after school. We went to a net caf instead. Instead of going home after school, we went to a net caf. 2) Students in UK dont have lots of home work. They have many school activities. Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.规划是指要进行的活动或要完成任务的计划。划线部分是不定式的被动语态作定语，表示要做的事情。4. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.相当于：If you have more choice (条件状语从句为一般现在时), you will make better decision（主句用将来时）. 你的选择越多，最后的决定就越好。“The+比较级（adj/adv）或含比较级的词组，the+另一个比较级（adj/adv）或含比较级的词组”, 表示“越就越.”。5. Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your school library.你的老师收到一位朋友的电子邮件，询问你们学校图书馆里的一本历史书。划线部分是现在分词短语作定语，补充说明宾语e-mail 的内容。6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 国际标准图书编号ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）国际标准期刊编号7make常见的动宾搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、冲咖啡 , make friends交朋友 , make mistakes犯错误, make trouble惹麻烦, make a suggestion提建议, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼脸, make a decision做决定, make comparasions作比较, make a living谋生, make money挣钱 , make a request提要求, make an application申请。【写作】通知和海报通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼；通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。 例一：布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE（通知），发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如NOTICE Allmumbers of the studentsunionarerequestedtomeetintheschool conferenceroomonSaturday,Sept18th,at2:00p.m.todiscussquestionsofinternationalcultureexchanges with New Zealand high school band. Sept.14,2005海报的形式和媒体没有特殊要求，它要先用简明、生动的图文吸引过往人群的注意力，再以简洁扼要的文字、图表介绍你要向公众发布的信息。文字部分一般包括主题句或主题词和条理清楚、简单明了的内容介绍。下面是一个网上海报，供大家参考：Make a poster explaining a safety rule. It should give us a good Stay Alert message. If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery. Mail you poster to:Stay Alert . Stay SafeP.O. Box 93006,499 Main St. S.Brampton, OntarioL6Y 1N0【语法】定语从句(2)1定语从句中关系代词that、which 用来指代物，who 、whom和that 用来指代人，whose用来表示所属关系，关系副词when、where和 why指代时间、地点和原因。2关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：All that I have is my love for this land.There isnt much that we can do to ease his pain.(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。例如：The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似。例如：She failed in her attempt to catch the princes attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother.(5) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(7) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?(8)关系代词that/which/who/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略。例如：The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us. As在定语从句中的用法一. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 （）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。 （）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如： The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.二关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句 关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。例如：We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine.2. that有时也可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因，这种定语从句中的that也可以省去。例如：That is the time(that) he arrives.That is the reason (that) he came.111
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