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111外研版Book 5 Module 6Animals in Danger语法教案Teaching Aims:1. Have a deep understanding of the significance and the importance of this grammar2. Improve the students ability to use this grammar freelyTeaching important points:1. The uses of this grammarTeaching difficult points:1. To use this grammar freelyTeaching type: RevisionTeaching methods: questioning, discussion, guiding, and practicingTeaching aids: chalk, blackboard, book, notes, and exerciseTeaching procedures:Step 1: Check the homeworkStep 2: Revise the grammar-attributive clause1. 定语从句的定义：修饰名词或者代词的从句。定语从句在句子中起定语的作用，被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词。定语从句通常放在先行词之后。2. 定语从句的结构：先行词+关系代词/关系副词+从句3. 关系代词： Who, whom, whose, that, which, as关系副词： When, where, why (what 不可引导定语从句。)4定语从句的分类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句5用于限定性定语从句的关系代词who , whom , whose , which , that , as等关系代词在定语从句中所指对象是人，物 。在定从句中做主语，宾语，介词宾语，或定语。他们的形式变化如下：指代对象人事物人+事物主格Who/thatWhich/thatThat宾格Who /whom /thatWhich/thatThat所有格WhoseWhose/of which1) who, whom, that 代表人who 引导定语从句。并在从句中做主语或宾语whom 在其引导的定语从句中只能做宾语that 用来指人，在从句中既可以做主语，有可以做宾语The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250 000.The boy who/that/whom we saw yesterday was Johns brother. Notes 1：引导定语从句的关系代词who ,whom, 和 that 在从句中既可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语，此时，这些关系代词皆可以省略。但介词可以提到关系代词之前，此时，只能使用 whom ,不可使用who 或that .且whom也不可以省去。The girl who/whom/that you saw just now is Jane. (= The girl you saw just now is Jane.)Do you know the man who/whom/that I talked to just now?=Do you know the man I talked to just now?=Do you know the man to whom I talked just now?2）whose 人和物，表示所属关系。I dont want to hire the boy whose father is now in prison.Look at the house whose roof is red.The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind man.（作介词的宾语）Notes2：“Whose +名词”的结构常可以用“名词+of which”的结构来替换，且意思相同。The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.=The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired.3) that 和which 指事物。that和which引导定语从句，代表事物，并在定于从句中做主语或宾语。在多数情况下，两者可以换用。作宾语时，关系代词that或which常可省去。Here is the dictionary which/that will be lent to you.The farm (that/which) we visited last Sunday was located in the suburbs of Beijing.Notes 3:引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中也可以做介词的宾语，且介词可以提前，当介词提到关系代词的前面时，只能使用which，不能使用that。含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后边.The chair on which she is sitting is made of plastics.=The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of plastics.Once he went to a bookstore and bought some books, most of which were expensive ones.Is this the watch he is looking for?The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.Notes 4:1先行词有下列情况之一者，引导定语从句的关系代词通常多用that，不用或者少用which：A: 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时。Tell me everything that you know.He told us all that he had done.B: 当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some 等修饰时。That is the very book that he is looking for.This is the only dictionary that I have.C: 当先行词被形容词的最高级或者被序数词修饰时。That is the most beautiful city that I have visited.This is the last lesson that we have this term.D: 当先行词既包括人又包括物时。They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.E: 当主语是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the coat that you like best?Who is the man that was talking to you?F: 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，无论先行词是人还是物。She is no longer the person that she was.China is no longer the country that it used to be.2关系代词指物时只用which不用that的情况。A: 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词提到关系代词之前是只用which，但当介词在从句句末时，两者皆可。This is the question about which we have had so much discussion.=This is the question which/that we have had so much discussion about.B: 在非限制性定语从句中必须使用which，而不能使用 that。4)as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句，但先行词须有such或the same或用于as/so.as的结构。Such teachers as he knows are all kind to him.I want to buy the same pen as you are using.He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.Notes 5:结构the same as和the same that的区别:This is the same bike as I have lost.（表同一类）This is the same bike that I have lost. （表同一个）5)当先行词是way时,引导定语从句的关系代词可以用in which ,也可以用that ,还可以不用引导词(但不能用how)。This is the way (in which/that) he did it.6) 同位语从句和定语从句的区别:a 同位语从句中的that为连词,只起到引导词的作用,不充当从句的任何成分。定语从句中的that为关系代词,通常在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。The news that he is ill worries us a lot.（同位语从句）The news that he has told us worries us a lot.（定于从句，that在从句中作told的直接宾语）b同位语从句说明的是中心词的内容。定语从句则是对中心词的限制，修饰，和区分。Weve just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is likely to come.（同位语从句）The letter that I received that day was from my mother.（定语从句）When ,where, why 作关系副词引导定语从句1) when 代替at/in/on/during which，在定语从句中作时间状语。Tell me the time when (=at which) the train leaves.I will never forget the days when (=on which) I reached the top of Mount Tai.2）where表地点，只能跟在表示地点的名词后，他在从句中作地点状语。This is the school where (=at which) I used to teach.Think of a place where (=to which) we can go for dinner.Notes6:A: where 在从句中不做主语或宾语。The factory that /which we visited yesterday was built last year.The factory where he works was built last year.B: where作名词时，可与from连用，如：His head soon appeared out of one of the second story windows, from where he could see nothing but trees .3) why 指原因，引导的从句修饰名词reason。I do not know the reason why /for which he was left here.The reason why she was late is that her husband is dangerously ill in hospital.Notes7:陈述主语reason的表语从句中只能用that引导， that不作从句中的任何句子成分。试比较：I do not know the reason why he was late.The reason why he was late was that his wife is ill.His wife was very ill. Thats why he was late.He was late. It was because his wife was very ill in bed.6. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句1) 限定性定语从句对先行词起到限制，区分的作用，并与此先行词有着不可分割的关系，如果省去，剩下的部分意义就会不完整或不清楚。Those who want to go please put up your hands.A man who doesnt try to learn from others cant hope to achieve much.2) 非限定性定语从句只对先行词作进一步的说明和描述，如果省去，剩余的部分仍然意义完整，表达清楚，非限定定语从句的前面往往有逗号与其余部分隔开。Dr.Brown, who lives next door, comes from America.Rattlesnakes, who are poisonous, should be avoided.7.as/which都可以引导非限制性定语从句并代表主句的整个内容或部分内容。通常可以和换用，但要注意下列不同情况：a : which从句只能放在句末，而as从句则可以放在句首或句中。As you will find out, I will never let you down.Taiwan, as you know, is an inseparable part of China.She is extremely popular with her students, which/as is known to all.b从词汇意义上讲，which意为“这一点”，而as却可表示“正如-那样”。有些as从句已经成为了固定格式。如：as we all know, as is known to all, as you may remember, as you say, as is reported.8定语从句的主谓一致关系代词作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是个句子时，从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.I, who am your classmate, will share the work with you.He is one of the students who have made great progress.He is the only (very) one of my students who has been invited to have dinner with us.9关于定语从句的转换a转换成分词短语: The girl (who is) playing basketball used to be week. The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is mine. b转换成介词短语:The students (who are) in Class Two will gather on the ground.c转换成形容词短语: He carried a basket (which is) full of apples.d转换成名词短语: He went to a city (which is) a hundred miles away from his hometown.e转换成合成词： The peasants who work hard will get a good harvest. -The hard-working peasants will get a good harvest.f转换成不定式短语 :Do you have any questions, which you want to ask? -Do you have any questions to ask? 10 Consolidations:do some exercises on the blackboard 11. Homework: to revise this grammar after class / to preview the next part111
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