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111 111 高一英语经典句型回顾（外研社） 1. 课文原句I live in Shi jiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. （Page 2）我住在石家庄,一个离北京不远的城市。 点拨在本句中,a city not far from Bei jing 是 Shi jiazhuang的同位语。同 位语是在名词或代词之后并列于名词或代词并对前者加以说明的成份，近乎于后置定语。 如：We students should love our country. （students 是 we的同位语，都是指同一批 “学生” ）用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词多为 fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report等,关联词多用 that。如：They were all surprised at the news that the president was shot dead.对总统被枪杀这件事,他们 都很惊讶。 点击名题Information has been put for-ward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 解析答案 B。实际上这是一个同位语从句，information 与同位语从句被 has been put forward分隔开来，that 引导的同位语从句用来解释 information的具体内容。这句 话的意思是“有消息说，更多的中学毕业生将进入大学学习。 ” 2. 课文原句There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late . （Page 12） This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the teacher is considered very important. （Page 19） We saw abandoned farms, which were built more than a hundred years ago. （Page 23） 点拨以上三句用到英语学习中一个非常重要的语法现象定语从句,也就是用来 做定语的从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句跟在 先行词的后面,如句中 students是先行词，who 是关系词。 关系词分为关系代词和关系 副词。选择关系词要根据其在从句中所充当的成份以及先行词与从句中谓语的关系。关系 代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等；关系副词有：when, where, why等。定语 从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。观察下面两个句子：The man who sat in the first row was our English teacher. （限制性定语从句） Mr. Zhang, who sat in the first row, was our English teacher. （非限制性定语从句）可以看出限制 性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切，是先行词不可缺少的定语；如果删去，全句的意思 就会变得不明确。而非限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只 起进一步补充说明的作用；即使去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。在形式上，非限制性定语从句 与先行词之间通常有逗号，而限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号。在限制性定语从句 中，关系代词在定语从句中做主语时不能省略；做宾语时可以省略。在非限制性定语从句 中，关系代词不能省略。如：The man who won the match was awarded 1,000 Yuan. （who 在从句中做主语，不能省略） The man （ who / whom / that） I talked with is a famous artist. （who / whom / that 在从句中作宾语，可以省略）某些在从句中 充当时间、地点或原因状语的关系副词 when, where和 why 等可以用“介词+关系词”结 构替换。如：This is the house where I lived three years ago. This is the house in which I lived three years ago. 点击名题Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ? A. he explained B. what he explained 111 111 C. how he explained D. why he explained 解析答案 A。reason 在定语从句中作宾语，省略了关系代词 which / that。 3. 课文原句Shes very strict we dont dare to say a word unless she asks us to. （Page 12）她非常严厉我们一个字都不敢说，除非她让我们开口。 点拨这是一个由 unless 引导的条件状语从句。 unless相当于 if . not,如： We will go to picnic tomorrow unless it rains （= if it doesnt rain）. 除非明 天下雨，否则我们将去野餐（如果明天不下雨,我们将去野餐） 。注意不要把 unless引导的 从句的肯定式谓语写成否定式。 点击名题_ something unexpected happens, I will go shopping with you tomorrow. A. Unless B. If C. With D. As long as 解析答案 A。如果没有意外，明天我会和你一起去购物。 4. 课文原句It is interesting to look at differences between schools in different countries.（Page 12） 看不同国家学校之间的区别是很有趣的事情。 点拨这是含有 it 形式主语的句子，真正的主语是 to look at differences between schools in different countries。这种句子的结构是 “It + is / was +形容词 /名词+不定式” 。这样，可以避免句子头重脚轻。其他的常见结构还有：It is/was+形容词 /名词+动名词如：It is no good sleeping too much.It+is/was+形容词/名词+that 从句 如：It is unbelievable that he didnt pass the exam. 点击名题_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 解析答案 D。that 引导的定语从句是真正的主语,需要填的是形式上的主语。 5. 课文原句What do you think the central part of the country is like? （Page 22）你认为这个国家的中部怎么样？ 点拨本句型是一种复杂的特殊疑问句。其结构是：特殊疑问词+ do you think + 陈述句，从语法角度讲，do you think 是插入语。无论疑问词在句中做什么成分，特殊疑 问句都用陈述语序。如： Where do most of the people live, in the central part of the country or on the coast? Do you think? Where do you think most of the people live, in the central part of the country or on the coast? where在句子中做状语， “do most of the people live“要改为陈述语序。但是： Who is the best student in your class? Do you think? Who do you think is the best student in your class? 因为 who在句子中做主语，所以语序不必改变。 知识拓展 1）适合以上句型的动词除 think 外，还有 believe, consider, suppose, imagine, guess 和 suggest 等。如： What do you suppose has happened there? When do you guess I get up every morning? 2） 插入语结构是高考常考的句型结构，中学课本中出现的插入语结构还有： （1） 单词型插入语。如：however, luckily happily （for sb.）, personally, though等。如：Personally, I prefer to the red one. （2）短语型插入语。如：Strange to say, worse still, in other words, in ones opinion, in fact, of course, generally speaking, judging from.to make things worse等。如：Generally speaking, girls study harder than boys. （3）插入句。如：I think, do you consider, that is to say, whats more 等。 111 111 如：You are wrong, and whats more, you are on purpose. （4）省略型插入语。如：if not better than 点击名题 （1） John plays football _, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as （2） _ you have seen both fighters, _ will win? A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think 答案B。if not better than 是插入语。 （2） D。since 意为“既然“。 6. 课本原句It then became possible for universities to use the system as well.（Page52） 点拨as well 副词短语,与 too同义，常置于句尾。 知识拓展also, too 及 either与 as well表示“也“时的用法辨析： （1）also 用于肯定句中，通常放在 be动词、助动词和情态动词后面，或者放在行为 动词前面。如果表示强调，也可放在情态动词的前面。如：I went to Peters birthday party and Jack was also there. I can also sing English songs. （2） too比 also更通俗，更口语化，常置于句尾，可用逗号与主句隔开。如：He comes from America, and she too. （3）either 只能用于否定句中，且只能置于句尾。如： I dont like outdoor sports. Me either. 点击名题 （1）It was not an easy decision for her to make, as it would affect her future study in university and her future job _. A. though B. as well C. either D. at the same time Since you cant find a better job, why dont you stick to the present one? Well, _. A. I might as well B. I cant care C. never mind D. I believe not 答案 （1）B （2）A 7. 课本原句This is the first time Ive visit-ed your hometown. （Page 32）这是我第一次来你的家乡。 点拨 “This / It is the first / second / . / last time + that从句”表 达的意思是“这是第一/二/最后一次做某事” ，其中 that引导定语从句，可以省略。 需要注意的是：主句使用 is，定语从句用现在完成时；主句使用 was，定语从句用过去完 成时。如： （1）This is the third time this week that she has been late for work. 这是 她本周第三次上班迟到了。 （2） It was the second time last year that I had been to Beijing. 去年,我 第二次去北京。 知识拓展It is time for +名词/代词；It is time （for sb.） to do；Its time + that 从句（从句使用一般过去时,time 前可以用 high, very等修饰。 ） （1）Its time for class. = Its time to have our class. 到上课时间了。 111 111 （2）Its （high） time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 该是 我去学校接我女儿的时候了。 点击名题That was the first time that I _ his home last year. A. had been to B. have been to C. has gone to D. had gone to 答案A 8. 课本原句Pretty hot and wet in the summer, but it can be quite cold in winter. （Page 32）夏天又热又潮湿而冬天可能会很冷。 点拨情态动词 can可以表示推测,如：It cant be too cold in Guangzhou in winter. 广州的冬天不会太冷吧。 Even experienced doctors can make such mistakes. 即使有经验的医生也会犯这样 的错误。 知识拓展情态动词表示猜测 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,用法 如下： （1）情态动词+动词原形表示对现在或将来的情况的推测。如：I dont know who she is, and she may be a friend of my brother. （2）情态动词+动词现在进行时表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况的推测。如：At this moment, my mother must be preparing for the supper. （3）情态动词+动词完成时表示对过去情况的推测。如：The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. （4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时表示对过去正在发生的事情的推测。如：Your family must have been worrying about you when you were ill. （5）推测的否定形式用 cant或 couldnt如：Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.注意：could, might表示推测时没有时态意 义，其推测的确定程度不如 can, may。 点击名题Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not 答案A 9. 课本原句When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different sub stances, for example, water and oxygen.（Page 44 ） 点拨for example = for instance 意思是“例如” 。用来举例说明，位置比较灵 活，可位于句首、句尾或句中。 知识拓展 英语中用来举例说明和列举事物的词或词组还有：such as, such . as, like, that is （to say）, namely 等，用法如下： such as = like用来列举事物，且列举的只是部分，不是全部。如：Cold-blooded animals such as （like） snakes and frogs have to go to sleep in winter. such . as = such as 二者表达形式不同,但用法和表达的意义相同。如： Such poets as Keats and Shelley were famous all over the world.= Poets such as （like） Keats and Shelley were famous all over the world. that is （to say） = namely 用来列举事物，所列举的内容是前面提到的人或物的 全部。I have three good friends, that is （namely）, John, Jack and Tom. Only one boy was absent, namely （that is） Harry. 111 111 点击名题 （1）Many subjects, _ Chinese, math and English, are taught in the school. A. namely B. such as C. that is D. such like （2）My uncle knows three foreign languages, _ English, French and Japanese. A. for example B. for instance C. such as D. that is 10. 课本原句I never used to enjoy science, but last year I changed schools . （Page 49） 点拨used to do表示“过去常做，而现在已经不做某事” 。to 是不定式符号，后 加动词原形。词组本身没有时态的变化。其否定形式为 didnt use to do或 used not to do。疑问句常用 Did sb. use to do.? 或 Used sb. to do .? 知识拓展 在英语中与 used to do用法容易混淆的短语有： 1）be / get / become used to sth. / doing习惯于此短语中的 to是介词,其 后加名词或动词-ing 形式；be 有各种时态的变化。如： Youll soon be / get / become used to our new way of living. I have been used to rice （eating rice）. She is used to living in the country. 2）be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 也可以说成是 be used for sth. / doing sth.。此短语的主动形式是 use sth. to do / for doing sth.“用做某事” 。如：I use a knife to cut bread. （主动形式） A knife is used to cut bread.（被动形式）或 A knife is used for cutting bread. 3）be used as “作为 被使用”可以和 be used for doing sth.转换。如： During the war, the castle was used as a prison / for keeping prisoners. 点击名题 （1）The River Nile _ flood large areas, but now the water of it _ produce electricity. A. was used to; is used to B. used to; used to C. used to; is used to D. was used; is used （2）The old man used _ in front of his house and he has got used to _like that. A. to sit; doing B. to sitting; do C. to sit; do D. to sitting; doing 11. 课本原句The more books I read, the more information I learn. （Page 47） 点拨the more ., the more .“越，就越” ，表示一方随另一方程度 的变化而变化。此结构中的比较级前一定要加定冠词,但两分句可以用不同的形容词的比较 级形式。如：The sooner, the better. 越快越好。 知识拓展形容词和副词比较级的其他用法。结构一：“no more . + than （= neither . nor.） ”表示对两个比较对象都进行否定。如：Im no more clever than you. （ = Neither I nor you is clever.） 结构二：“not more . + than”表示在程 度上前者不如后者。如：Your book is not more interesting than mine.你的书不如我 的书有趣。 111 111 点击名题As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _. A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped D. you are equipped the more for life 12. 课本原句Itll be a lot heavier than magnesium. （Page 47） 点拨a lot“非常，很，相当” ，可以用来修饰形容词或副词比较级。 知识拓展形容词比较级前可以用 much, still, a lot, far, rather, any, a little和 a bit等修饰，用来表示比较的程度如何。如：My father is a bit taller than I. 点击名题 （1） Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _? A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far （2） Are you feeling _? Yes. Im fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案 （1） B （2） D 答案 （1） C （2）A 答案B 答案 （1） B （2） B 13. 课文原句When Zhou Kais mothers saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.（Page2） 点拨 此句中的 heading 是动词的现在分词作宾语补足语。head 用作动词时，意 思是“向某方向前进” 。感官动词 saw后接动词的-ing 形式作宾语补足语，意为“看到某 人正在做某事” 。 知识拓展 表示视觉（see, notice, watch, find, observe） ，听觉（hear）等的 感官动词后接动词的-ing 形式作宾语补足语，表示看见或听见某个事件或动作在继续，在 进行。 点击名题 1. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 答案与解析 1. A 此题考查动词的-ing 形式作定语和宾语补足语的用法。第一空要用 missing 作定 语,意思是“丢失的，不见了的” ；后一空感官动词后要接动词的-ing 形式，表示别人最后 看到小孩时，他正在玩耍，故答案选 A 。 2. B found后要求接动词的-ing 形式作宾语补足语，故答案选 B。 111 111 111 111
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