高考英语顶尖学案：外研版 必修5 Module 1《British and American English》

1112012届高考英语顶尖学案：外研版Module 1British and American English英国英语和美国英语核心词汇1It makes no _(差别) to me whether he goes or not.2The man speaks French with an English _ (口音)3At the end of the game players traditionally _(交换)shirts with each other.4These standards have been _(采用)by many states，counties，and cities.5My teaching style is _(相似的)to that of most other teachers.6The problem is so _(令人迷惑的)that few people can work it out.7My careful writing results from many_(参考)to a dictionary.8She took a complex topic and _(简化)it in a way that we could all understand.9Its _ from what he said that something was wrong._，he needed help.(obvious)10It is often useful to make a _.If you _ her work with his，you may know the difference._ with his work，as she often said，she had a long way to go.(compare)1.difference 2.accent 3.exchange4.adopted 5.similar 6.confusing7.references 8.simplified9.obvious；Obviously 10.comparison；compare；Compared高频短语1_在方面有共同之处2_ 有影响；使不相同3_ 四处走动(旅行)4_ 与相似5_ 做某事有困难6_ 引起，导致7_ 同意，支持8_ 称为9_ 幸亏；多亏10_ 排队11_ 学会地方语言12_ 消失；减弱1.have.in common2.make a difference3.get around4.be similar to5.have difficulty(in)doing sth.6.lead to7.in favour of8.refer to.as9.thanks to10.stand in line11.pick up the local accent12.wear off重点句式1Americans use a flashlight，_ for the British，its a torch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。2A Londoner _ a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.伦敦人理解来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比理解纽约人更难。3Since the 1980s，with satellite TV and the Internet，_ British and American English at the flick of a switch.自从二十世纪八十年代以来，通过卫星电视、互联网，轻轻打开开关，就能听到英式或美式英语了。4Who found the local accent _？谁发觉当地的方言很难懂？5By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year，_ school books ever.到十九世纪五十年代，这本书的年销量达到了100万册，成为最畅销的学校课本之一。1.while2.has more difficulty understanding3.it has been possible to listen to 4.difficult to understand5.making it one of the most popular知识详解1.comparev比较，匹敌，比喻；相比 n比较(回归课本P2)Prepositions，too，can be different：compare on the team，on the weekend(American)with in the team，at the weekend(British)介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on the team，on the weekend(美式)和in the team，at the weekend(英式)。11【归纳总结】【例句探源】Dont compare your disadvantages with others strong points.不要拿自己的缺点与别人的优势相比。Walking cant compare with flying.走不能和飞相提并论。Compared to/with her mother，she is tall.和她妈妈比较起来，她算是很高了。The two men look over the papers，compare notes and make several telephone calls.两人浏览文书，商量了一番，打了几个电话。(2010年高考辽宁卷)Those with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood，compared with an average of more than 2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school.有大学学历的人在童年时代每周平均看不到两个小时的电视，相比较，没有大学学历的平均多于两个半小时。【即境活用】1.(2009年高考重庆卷)Michaels new house is like a huge palace，_ with his old one.AcomparingBcomparesCto compare Dcompared解析：选D。句意是：与迈克尔的旧房子相比，他的新房子就像是一座巨大的宫殿。compare与house是被动关系，故用其过去分词形式作状语。2(2010年江苏苏北四市模拟)_ his grades with Arnolds，George was quite satisfied.ACompared BTo compareCComparing DCompare解析：选C。从逻辑关系分析，此处的非谓语动词和George是逻辑主谓关系，所以使用表示主动的v.-ing形式。2.differvi.不同，相异(回归课本P2)The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.另外两个不同之处是拼写和发音。【归纳总结】differ frombe different from与不同differ in 在方面不同differ with/from sb. about/on/over sth.关于某事与某人意见不同【例句探源】The conditions of our classroom have differed from what you saw five years ago.我们教室的条件已经与五年前你看到的情况大不一样了。The two girls are similar in appearance，but they differ in voice and disposition.这两个女孩在外表上相似，但声音与性格却不同。Mary differed with her husband on whether to buy a new car.玛丽和丈夫对是否买一辆新车有不同意见。【即境活用】3.Leaves are found on all kinds of trees，but they differ greatly _ size and shape.AonBfromCby Din解析：选D。differ in“在某方面不同”。4(2010年烟台市模拟)They _ each other in that they are both bareheaded with sunglasses.Adiffer BmodifyCresemble Dclassify解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意：“他们的相似之处在于，他俩都光着头，戴着墨镜。”differ后面要使用介词from，表示“和不同”。3.presentvt.陈述，讲演；提出(观点，计划等) adj.在场的；出席的；现在的 n礼物；赠品；现在(回归课本P8)Present your ideas to the rest of the class.把你的观点陈述给班里的其他同学。【归纳总结】【例句探源】There were in all 700 students present at the meeting.总共有700名学生出席了这场会议。(牛津P1562)The committee will present its final report to Parliament in June.委员会将于六月向议会提交最后的报告。(朗文P1544)Ms.Hellman is busy at present，can she ring you later?赫尔曼女士现在正忙着，让她过一会儿给你回电话好吗？On Teachers Day，some students presented their teachers with some flowers.在教师节那天，有些学生给他们的老师献了花。【即境活用】5The worker _ his ideas to the manager very clearly.ApreservedBpresentedCprovided Dsupplied解析：选B。present sth. to sb.向某人陈述。4.attemptv试图，企图 n企图，努力，尝试(回归课本P9)Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese?你能看出韦伯斯特的工作和尝试简化汉语之间的相似之处吗？【归纳总结】【例句探源】He attempted to become a volunteer for the 16th Asian Games，but failed for his poor English.他曾试图成为一名第16届亚洲运动会的志愿者，但因英语差没能实现。(牛津P110)Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。His parents made an attempt to send their son abroad for further education.他父母曾试图送他出国深造。【易混辨析】attempt，try，manage(1)attempt 常含有希望成功，但并不一定取得预期的结果之意。(2)try意为“尝试，试用”，含有通过各种方法，尽力把事情做好或达到目的之意。(3)manage强调成功做成了某事。manage to do sth.succeed in doing sth.。The campaign has certainly managed to raise public awareness of the issue.Ive tried really hard but I cant persuade him to come.He attempted a joke，but no one laughed.【即境活用】6.Shelly had worked hard for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it at her first_.ApracticeBriskCattempt Dact解析：选C。句意是：Shelly努力学习，准备生物考试，她相信她第一次就能通过这次考试。此句要用at ones first attempt表示“第一次尝试”。practice练习；risk冒险；act行动。7(2010年安徽合肥高校附中联考)The young man is being questioned by the police in relation to the _ murder last night.Aadvised BattendedCadmitted Dattempted解析：选D。句意“这位年轻人就昨晚的未遂谋杀案接受警察询问。”5.have.in common有相同的特点(回归课本P1)We have really everything in common with America nowadays，except of course，language.当然，除了语言外，如今我们确实在所有方面都和美国一样。【归纳总结】common n共同点adj.大量的；类似的；通常的have a lot/much/a great deal in common with与有很多共同之处have not much/nothing/little in common with与没多少/没有/很少有共同之处in common 共有；共用in common with sb./sth. 与一样out of(the)common 不寻常的be common for sb. 对某人来说是共有(同)的/常见的【例句探源】This dish is very common in my hometown.这道菜在我的家乡很常见。(朗文P394)All these companies have one thing in common：they deal in small，inexpensive consumer items.所有这些公司都有一个共同点：他们都经营廉价的小商品。We found that we had a lot in common and got on well.我们发现彼此有很多共同点，很合得来。In common with a lot of other countries，were facing a lot of economic challenges.同许多别的国家一样，我国也面临着经济挑战。【即境活用】8.In _，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.AcommonBtotalCgeneral Dparticular解析：选C。in general一般来说；in common共同地；in total总共；in particular特别地。9Experts warn that global warming will cause dramatic climate changes including more _ floods，heat waves and droughts.Afrequent BusualCordinary Dcommon解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。句意：专家警告说全球变暖将导致显著的气候变化，包括更频繁的洪水、热浪和干旱。frequent频繁的；usual通常的；ordinary普通的，平凡的；common共同的。根据句意，可知此处用frequent。6.lead to引起，导致；通向；相连(回归课本P3)But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.但是这也致使许多美国英语单词和结构传入英国英语，以至于现在有一些人相信英国英语将要消失。【归纳总结】【例句探源】The street leads you to the station.你沿这条街走就可以到达车站。(牛津P1146)Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。Our English teacher has a strange way of leading us to study English actively.我们的英语老师有一种奇特的方法促使我们很积极地学习英语。The evidence leads me to a different conclusion.这个证据使我得出一个不同的结论。【即境活用】10.We firmly believe that war never settles anything.It only _ violence.Aruns intoBcomes fromCleads to Dbegins with解析：选C。句意：我们坚信战争永远不能解决任何问题。它只能导致暴力。11I was _ to the conclusion that eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.Aled；lead Bleading；lead toCleading；lead Dled；lead to解析：选D。“得出结论吃太多脂肪可引起心脏病”。7.make a difference有影响，使不相同(回归课本P1)It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.老师讲英国英语还是美国英语并没有太大的区别。【归纳总结】【例句探源】I dont think what he said will make any difference.我认为他说的话不会起什么作用。It makes no difference whether you will come or not.你来不来没什么区别。It makes much difference to us whether you can finish it on time.你是否能按时完成它与我们有很大的关系。(朗文P518)Having a good teacher has made all the difference for Alex.亚历克斯有个好老师后情况完全不一样了。What difference will it make if she doesnt come to help us?如果她不来帮助我们，这有影响吗？【即境活用】12.You can ask him again if you like，but it wont make any _hell still say no.AadjustmentBdifferenceCcontribution Ddecision解析：选B。make some difference为固定搭配，意为“有区别，有意义”；此处为否定句，故some应变为any。13(2010年江苏苏北四市模拟)Tom，what a pity！I almost succeeded yesterday._.I told you to be careful before.AOne false step will make a great differenceBWhere theres life，theres hopeCNever put off till tomorrow what you can do todayDOne tree does not make a forest解析：选A。从语境分析，此处用A，表示“一步失误，将造成很大的差别。”也可以理解成“一失足成千古恨。”句型梳理1.【教材原句】A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.(P2)伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话要比听懂纽约人说话更难。【句法分析】(2)There is (some)difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难(3)(do sth.)without/with difficulty 毫不费力/费力地(做某事)(4)类似的句型有：I have difficulty (in)telling the difference between the twin sisters.辨别这对双胞胎姐妹对我来说很困难。There is no difficulty for you in being admitted into a teachers college.对你来讲，被一所师范学院录取没什么困难。(朗文P519)With difficulty，we hauled it up the stairs.我们费力地把它拖上了楼梯。I had to sell my sewing machine when we got into difficulty with an electric bill.我们付不起电费时，我不得不把缝纫机卖掉。Wall Street has much difficulty in dealing with finance.华尔街在财政方面遇到好多困难。【即境活用】14(2010年高考上海卷)I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.AfindBfoundCto find Dfinding解析：选D。句意：在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。have difficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing.做有困难，是固定搭配，所以选D项。15.You can imagine the difficulty they have _ such a large population.Afed Bto feedCfeeding Dbeen fed解析：选C。句意是：你能够想象到他们供应那么多的人吃饭所遇到的困难。they have _ such a large population是定语从句，修饰difficulty。difficulty是have的宾语。它们构成了have difficulty (in)doing.句式。故选C项。2.【教材原句】The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them.(P2)英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候可能会省略。【句法分析】where在此处引导的是地点状语从句。where引导的状语从句位置较为灵活。Springs are very short where she lives.在她住的地方春天很短暂。Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。Where there is a life，there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：(1)where引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词。(2)where引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。(3)有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象含义，可放在主句的前面，而where引导的定语从句则不能。(4)在有些情况下，where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句。The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.在有疑问的地方作一个记号。Where there is a will，there is a way.谚语有志者事竟成。Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.温暖而多雨的地方最适合竹子生长。【即境活用】16.A forest is usually found _ heavy rainfall is frequent.Athere BwhichCbecause Dwhere解析：选D。句意是：在经常下大雨的地方通常会发现森林。此句要用where引导地点状语从句，表示“在地方”。17(2009年高考山东卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain _ she was and wait for her mother.Awhere BwhatChow Dwho解析：选A。句意：那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的母亲。where引导地点状语从句。111