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111必修1 Module6 grammar学案-冠词（一）考纲要求考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。（二）命题导向冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。一、冠词的分类： 冠词是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。不定冠词有a/an定冠词有the其中,a用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前,而an则用在发音以元音开头的名词之前。二、不定冠词的用法: 1.表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。 1）Igavehimabookyesterday. 我昨天给了他一本书。 2）Iamreadinganinterestingstory. 我在读一本有趣的故事书。 2.表示人或事物的某一种类,强调整体,即以其中的一个代表一类。 1）Ahorseisusefultomankind. 马对人类有用。 2）Abirdcanfly. 鸟会飞。 3）Asteelworkermakessteel. 炼钢工人炼钢。 3.不定冠词用在事物的单位前,如时间,速度,价格等意义的名词之前,表示每一。 1）Weoftengotoschooltwotimesaday.我们常常一天两次去学校。 2）Thepotatoissoldatabout30fenajin. 土豆卖三毛钱一斤。 4.不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。 1）Aboycametoseeyouamomentago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。 2）Igotthistoolinashop. 我在商店买的这件工具。 5.不定冠词用于某些词组。 如：afew几个alittle有点 1）Shehasafewfriendsinthiscity.她在这个城市中有几个朋友。 2）Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle. 瓶子里有点牛奶。 3）Onlyafewstudentsareintheclassroom.只有几个学生在教室。 三、定冠词的用法。 1.定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。 Thebaginthedeskismine. 桌子里的书包是我的。 Itisnotthecarwearelookingfor.这不是我们要找的车。 2.定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。 IboughtabookfromXinhuabook-shop.Thebookcosts15yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书.这本书值十五元。 3.定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。如：thesun，themoon，theearth，thesky，theworld，thewinternight Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon. 太阳比月亮大。 Icanseeabirdinthesky. 我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。 4.定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物。 Thedogisnottoodanger. 狗不太危险。 Thecatisananimal.猫是一种动物。111 5. 用在序数词、形容词最高级或两者之间比较及only, very, same 等形容词前。如： the second floor, the biggest room, He is the taller of the two.他们两个人中，他更高。This is the very book that I am looking for. 6. 与形容词或分词连用表示一类人或一种抽象概念。如：the poor穷人; the young 年轻人； the false 谬论；the true真理 7. 用于表示乐器的名词前面。 如： He plays the piano. 他会弹钢琴。 8. 用于姓氏的复数前， 表示一家人。如：the Greens格林一家人 9. 用于逢十的复数名词之前，指世纪的某个年代。如： in the 1970s 在20世纪70年代 10. 用于有些国家和民族的形容词之前，泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员。如： the Japanese日本人，the French法国人， the English英国人四、 不使用冠词的情况 1. 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2. 泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；They are teachers. 他们是教师。3. 抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。4. 物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。5. 在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6. 在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7. 在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast，play chess 8. 当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。9. 当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train； 10. 有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义； go to hospital去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)11. 不用冠词的序数词； a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race. c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last记忆口诀：一、不定冠词口诀挑帽子-a/an用法口诀冠词a, an两种帽,许多名词常需要.单词开头读元音,an帽儿你可挑.辅音起首戴a帽,记住规律莫乱套.二、定冠词用法小结口诀：1.有水无湖：海、洋、海湾、河等，都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the); the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖） 2.有球无星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus; 3.有山无峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黄山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰）； Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山）. 4.有独无欧（偶）：独一无二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the; 欧洲等七大洲不用the, 如，Europe,Africa,Asia,NorthAmerica,SouthAmerica, Antarctica,Oceania5.有（足）族无球（运动）：种族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球类运动baseball,basketball6.有文无章：历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the。如：The Constitution(宪法）; chapter one7.学而不专：学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the;如：The University of Fudan; Fudan University三、 零冠词口诀月、季、星期、节假、洲，呼语、头衔、职务前，三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类、名词前。111典型考题：（必做题）1. My mother asked me to repeat _ telephone number _ second time so that she could write it down.A. the; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; the2. Hey, Mr. Smith, you are wanted on _ phone.Who is calling?_ Mr. Green. I dont know who he is.A. /; AB. the; / C. the; AD. /; /3. Did you happen to see _ black and _ white cats?Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.A. the; theB. the; / C. a; /D. a; the4. Susan, _ university student from Europe, teaches me _ art in her spare time.A. an; /B. a; the C. a; / D. an; the5. He wrote _ song, which turned out to be rather popular with _ young.A. the; theB. a; / C. a; theD. the; /6. Where are you going, Mr. Johnson?I am on my way to _ hospital to see my wife, for she is seriously ill in _ hospital now.A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. a; /7. _ singer and _ dancer is to attend my birthday party, which will add to our pleasure.A. The; the B. The; / C. The; a D. A; a 8. _ New York Times carried an article on how to protect the mother river of China_ Yellow River.A. The; the B. The; / C. /; the D. /; /9. What did you have for _ lunch?I had _ delicious lunch at my friends house and it is really unforgettable.A. a; / B. /; a C. /; / D. /; the10. _ shortest as he is, he runs fastest in our school.A. The B. A C. / D. An11. The apple pies are so tasty. I would like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small.A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a12. She was caught in _ heavy rain on her way to the lonely island, which was quite _ experience.A. a; / B. /; an C. a; an D. a; a13. Last summer vacation, my parents took me to visit _ Tian An Men Square and _ Tsinghua University, and I really enjoyed myself very much.A. /; the B. /; / C. the; the D. the; /14. George W. Bush, _ President of the United States, visited China _ third time.A. a; a B. the; a C. /; a D. /; the15. People all know that it will take years of practice to gain _ skills of _ expert.A. the; an B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the16. -Did you have _ wonderful time yesterday? -Yes. I was on _ top of _ world. A. /, the, a B. a, /, the C. a, a, the D. a, the, the17. I don t usually have _ breakfast, but I always eat _ good lunch. A. /, / B. /, a C. the, / D. /, the18. -What does on _one handon _other means? -What_great fun! Youre asking me such a simple question. A. the, the, / B. the, the, a C. /, the, aD. /, the, /高考链接：（选做题）1. Alexander Gramha Bell invented _telephone in 1876. (MET1991) A./;B. aC. theD. one2.After watching _TV, she played _violin for an hour. （ MET1991 11） A./;/B. the ; theC. the; /D./;the 3. -Wheres jack ?（ MET1992 36）-I think hes still in _ bed, but he might just be in _bathroom. A./; /B. the; theC. the; /D./; the 4. She is _newcomer to _chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. （NMET1994 20）A. the; theB. the ; /C. a; /D. a ; the5. Wouldnt it be _wonderful world if all nations lived in _peace with one another? （NMET1994 23） A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the 6. .Many people agree that _knowledge of English is a must in _international trade today. （NMET 1996 13） A. a; /B. the; anC. the; theD./;the 7. Paper money was in _use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century. （NMET 1999 8） A. the ; /B. the; theC./; theD./; /8. It is not true in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education . （1999.上海 6）A.90s; theirB. the 90s; /C.90s; /D. the 90s; their9. Most animals have little connection with _animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food. (NMET2000 10) A. the; aB./; aC. the ; theD./; the 10.-Have you seen _pen ? I left it here this morning. -Is it _black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7) A. a; theB. the; theC. the ; aD. a; a 参考答案： 1-5 ACACC 6-10 ABABC 11-15 CCBCA111
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