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111高一外研必修四第二模块讲义Module 2 Traffic JamWill Smiles Word Study 1. display（1）vt. 展示；陈列；显示 e.g. ? We will display our new products in this hall. 我们将在这个大厅展示新产品。 Its the first time the painting has been displayed to the public. 这是该画首次公开展出。 The boy didnt want to display fear in his heart. 这男孩不想显露出他内心的恐惧。 The peacock displayed its fine tail feathers when it noticed any gay colors. 这只孔雀看到鲜艳的颜色就开屏。 （2）n.陈列；展示；陈列的货物、艺术品等 e.g. The shop window display attracted me. 这家商店橱窗陈列吸引了我。 What Lee did is only a display of anger. 李所做的只是愤怒的表现。 常用短语： on display 正在展览中 e.g. There are so many fancy cars on display here that I dont know which to buy.有这么多的豪华汽车在此展出，我不知要买哪一辆才好。 拓展： on display 的同义词组：on show; on exhibition 2. permit（1）n.许可证；执照；(尤指通行证) e.g. You cannot enter a military base without a permit. 无通行证者不得擅入军事基地。 Have you got a drivers permit? 你有驾驶执照吗？ （2）vt.许可；容许 e.g.The facts permit no other explanation. 事实不容许有其它的解释。 Do you permit your children to smoke? 你准许你的孩子们吸烟吗？ 固定结构：permit sth/doing sth 允许某事/做某事? permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事? e.g. The old lady doesnt permit making noises in her house. 这位老太太不允许（别人）在她家里吵闹。 Our teacher wont permit us to be absent or late. 我们老师不允许我们旷课或迟到。 构词解析：permit n. 许可证；执照 vt. 许可；容许 permission. n. 许可；准许；同意 permissive adj. 许可的；纵容的；放任的 3. provide(1) vt.提供；供给 e.g. The school will provide tents, but we have to bring our own food. 学校会提供帐篷，但是我们自己必须带食物。 常用短语：provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb 给某人提供某物 e.g. We provided the sufferers with food and clothes. 我们给受难者提供食物和衣服。 The company has provided me with a car. 公司供给我一辆轿车。 (2) vi.预防（灾害）；为（将来）做准备 固定结构：provide for/against sth 预防某食物 e.g. Wed better provide against a typhoon. 我们最好做预防台风的准备。 What will she do to provide for old age? 她将怎样防老呢？ 构词解析：provide vt. 提供；供给 provide vi. 预防（灾害）；为（将来）做准备 provision. n. 供应；提供 provisional adj. 临时的；暂时性的 provided conj. 假如；倘若 4. convenientadj.方便的；适合需要的；近便的 e.g. I cant phone you now; its not convenient. 我现在不方便给你打电话。 注意：convenient 形容事物，指事情“方便的”，不能形容人。 常用短语：it is convenient for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是方便的 e.g. Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 你明天开始工作方便吗？ Our house is convenient for the shops. 我们家到商店很方便。 构词解析：convenient adj. 方便的；适合需要的；近便的 convenience 方便；便利? inconvenient adj. 不方便的；不合适的? inconvenience. n. 不方便之处；麻烦 Practice:5. explore (1) vi, vt. 勘探；探险；考察 e.g.Columbus discovered America but did not explore the new continent. 哥伦布发现了美洲，但没有考察这块新大陆。 They were exploring for oil in this region. 他们在这一区域勘探石油。 (2) vt. examine (sth) thoroughly in order to test or find out about it 仔细检查；探究；调查 e.g. Those scientists are exploring all possible ways to cure the disease. 那些科学家们正在研究所有可能治愈这种疾病的方法。 构词解析：explore vi. vt. 勘探；探险；exploration. n. 勘探；探究 explorer. n. 探险家；调查人员 exploratory adj. 勘探的；实地调查的 6. react（1）vi.反应；作出回应；反对 固定结构：react to sb/sth 对某人/某物作出反应? e.g.The eye reacts to light. 眼睛对光会起反应。 Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.成功的领导者是先控制事件而不是事后才作方应。 （2）vi. have an effect on sth or produce a change in sth. 有影响；起作用 固定结购：react on/upon sb/sth 对某人/某物有影响 e.g. Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person. 恶人有恶报。 Sincere words reacted on the cold-hearted person.真诚的话语对这个冷酷无情的人起了作用。 常用短语：react by doing sth 通过做某事作出反应 e.g. How did your mother react to the news? She reacted by getting very angry.你妈妈对这个消息反应如何? 她的反应是非常生气。 构词解析：react vi. 反应；作出回应；有影响；起作用 reaction. n. 反应；感应 reactionary adj. n. 反动的；反动分子 7. solution n. U, C a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation 解决方法；解答 ；答案 固定结构：solution常和介词to/for搭配 e.g.He can find no solution to his present troubles. 他无法克服目前的困难。 The best solution would be for them to unite. 最好的解决方案是他们团结起来。 构词解析：solution. n. 解决方法；解答 solve vt. 解决；解答? solvable adj.（问题等）可解决的；可解答的 Language Study1. This bus is connected to electric wires.=This bus is joined to electric wires.这辆公交车连接到电线上。 be connected to: be joined to 同. 连接在一起 e.g. The refrigerator wasnt connected to the electricity supply. 冰箱没有被接通电源。 Have the two parts been connected properly? 这两个部件连接好了吗？ 常用结构：be connected with. 同.有关系(have a relationship with.; be related to.)connect with.连接；与.联系 connect. to/with. 把.与.连接 e.g. His disappearance was connected with the robbery. 他失踪和这起抢劫案有关。 This corridor connects with the living room. 这走廊与客厅相连接。 If the tunnel is built , it will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history.如果隧道建成，它将有史以来第一次把英国和欧洲大陆连接起来。 2. Have you ever been stuck in a traffic jam?=Have you ever been caught in a traffic jam? (Have you ever been in a situation in which there are so many vehicles and it is impossible for you to move?) 你有没有遭遇过交通阻塞呢？ be/get stuck in: not be able to move or continue doing sth 陷于；在.里卡住 e.g.They got stuck in the elevator. 他们被困在电梯里了。 Help! Im stuck in the mud. 救命啊！我陷进泥里不能动了。 3. Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time.= A taxi will come to you the moment you put up your hand.只要你招招手，立刻就会有出租车。 in no time: very quickly; immediately; at once; right away 立刻；马上；很快地 e.g. After his mum came back, little Tommy became happy in no time. 小汤姆在妈妈回来以后立刻变得高兴起来。 Lisa is very quick in thinking; she always answer you in no time no matter what you ask her. 利萨头脑敏捷，无论你问她什么，她都能立刻回答你。 拓展 (time组成的相关短语) ： ahead of time 提前 all the time 一直；向来 at all times 随时；永远 at one time 曾经；从前 at other times 在其它时候；也有时候 at the same time 同时 at a time 每次 at this/that time 在这/那时 at times (sometimes) 有时 behind the times 过时的；落伍的 for the time being 目前；暂时 from time to time 不时；偶尔 in time 及时；迟早 in/out of time 合/不合节拍 once upon a time 从前 on time 按时；准时 time after time/time and time again 屡次；无数次 4. Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing.=Public transport provides a cheap way to go or travel to different places in Beijing. 公共交通为人们游览北京提供了低价位的出行方式。 get around (=go about):(1) (be able to) go or travel to different places; move from place to place 各处走动? e.g. My grandfather is very old now and he doesnt get around much any more. 我的祖父年事已高，不再各处走动了。 Its hard to get around without a car. 没有汽车的旅行很艰难。 (2)（news or information, etc ）is told to a lot of people （消息等）传播出去 e.g. It got around quickly that Andylau would give a concert in Harbin. 刘德华将在哈尔滨开个唱会的消息迅速传开。 5. Youll have a good view of the rapidly changing city. = Youll take in the sights of the rapidly changing city. (Youll feast your eyes on the scenes of the rapidly changing city) 这样你会一览这个飞速发展城市的亮丽风景。 view: n C, U what you are able to see or the possibility of seeing it; what you think or believe about something; a way of considering or understanding something 景色；美景；视野；想法；见解 常用短语： have a good/ wonderful / bad view (of.) 对.能够很好/不好得观看 come into view 看得见；进入视野 be in view 看得见；在视野中；考虑中；计划 in ones view (in ones opinion) 在某人看来 e.g. ? I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. 我坐在公共汽车的前部,以便饱览农村风光。 As we turned the corner, a fascinating castle came into view. 当我们转过拐角，一座迷人的城堡映入我们的眼帘。 There was nothing in view except the vast sea.? 除了浩瀚的大海以外什么也看不到。 In my view, you must have misunderstood him. 我觉得你一定是误会他了。 6. There are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under construction. = There are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are being constructed/ built. 北京有四条地铁线，还有几条线也正在建设之中。 under construction: being built 在建造中；正在施工 e.g. A dam is under construction. 水坝在建筑中。 The new airport is still under construction. 新机场仍在修建中。 拓展： under reconstruction 在重建中 under repair 在修理中；正在修理 under way 在进行中；在航行中 7. Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.= If you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing, you may as well use the tricycle which is a rewarding way. 如果想去老北京的胡同探秘，三轮脚踏车绝对是值得一坐的。 worth: adj（作表语）having a certain value; giving or likely to give a satisfactory or rewarding return for (doing sth) 有.的价值；值得 常用结构：be worth + n./ doing sth e.g. This bicycle is worth 50. 这辆自行车值50英镑。 Your computer is worth the price. 你的电脑是值这个价钱的。 Although at times, learning a language was frustrating, it is well worth the effort. 尽管有时学习语言令人感到垂头丧气，但它却完全值得你为之付出努力。 Suzhou Gardens are worth visiting. 苏州园林值得游览。 The Dragon Chronicles is well worth reading. 天龙八部非常值得一读。 8. Keep cool! =keep calm! 保持冷静！ keep cool: keep low in temperature, but not cold, often in a pleasant way; keep calm, not nervous. 保持凉爽；保持冷静，镇定自若 e.g. Lets sit in the shade and keep cool. 我们做到树荫下去凉快凉快吧。 Dont get excited about the examination; keep cool! 不要对考试太激动，沉着点。 Keep strong, if possible. In any case, keep cool. Have unlimited patience. (B. H. Liddell Hart)如果可能，保持强壮。任何情况，保持冷静。要有无限的耐心。（B. H. 里德尔哈特） 9. Motorists could take a bus into the city center and arrive at work or shops relaxed and in a good mood. 驾车者可以轻松地乘公交车进入市中心，心情愉快的工作或购物。 = Motorists could go to the city center by bus and arrive at work or shops feeling relaxed and happy. be in a good mood: feel happy心情好；感到高兴 e.g.Why are you in such a good mood? 你心情怎么这么好？ The boss is not in a good mood now; youd better not ask for trouble. 老板现在心情不好；你最好不要自找麻烦了。 拓展? be in a bad mood 心情不好；不高兴 be in the mood for sth/doing sth 有做某事的心思或兴致 be in no mood for sth/doing sth 没有做某事的心思或兴致 10. There was no way I was going to catch the plane.=It was impossible for me to catch the plane. 我无论如何也赶上飞机了。 no way: under no circumstances or by no means (will something happen/ be done) 没门儿；决不；无论如何不 e.g.You want me to give up my holiday? No way! 你想让我放弃假期？没门儿！ Theres no way were going to get this finished on time. 我们不可能按时完成这个工作。 拓展（way组成的固定短语）： on the way (to.) 在（去.的）路上 all the way 一路上 by the way 顺便说一句；在途中的路边上 by way of 路经；途经 in a/one way 在某种程度上 in the way 挡路；阻碍 under way 正在进行中 11. After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent and journey times by about 15 percent. = After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced to about 70 percent and journey times to about 85 percent. 仅六个月后，进入伦敦市中心的交通车辆减少到百分之七十，车辆穿行的次数减少了约百分之八十五。 by: used to show the amount or degree of something. 用来表示某事物的数量或程度，例如“增加了/减少了/提高了/降低了多少”或者“相差多少”。 e.g. The number of students in this school has been increased by 20 percent this year. 今年这所学校的学生数目增加了20%。 The cost of production was reduced by RMB 30,000 Yuan last year. 去年生产成本降低了三万元。 Our basketball team lost the game by only one score. 我们的篮球队仅以一分之差输了这场比赛。 I am taller than her by 5 centimeters. 我比她高五公分。 16. B. 12. Whats more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars. = In addition (besides), central London shops did not lose money even though there were fewer cars. 另外，伦敦市中心商店的销售情况并没有因为车辆减少而受损。 whats more: and that; also 而且 e.g. My husband has a good heart, whats more, hes quite talented.我老公很善良，而且，他还很能干。 The price is too high, and whats more, I dont like the color of the coat. 价格太贵，而且，我也不喜欢这件外套的颜色。 The cellar was dark and forbidding, whats more, I knew a family of mice had nested there. 这个地窖阴森可怕，而且，我知道那儿有一窝老鼠。 拓展： whats more 的同义词或词组：besides; in addition; moreover; furthermore; further moreGrammar Exploration 语法：本单元的语法项目是祈使句1.基本概念 祈使句是用来表示命令，请求或建议等意义的句子，是英语的基本句型之一。 2.基本要点 祈使句一般没有主语，实际上是省略了主语“You”,有时需要强调对方时，可表示出主语。 谓语动词用原形。句末用感叹号或句号，用降调朗读。e. g. Come here, please. 请来这里。 Please open the window. 请打开窗子。Come and meet my family. 来见见我家人。You clean the blackboard. 你来擦黑板！3. 基本句型 (1) Do 型? （以行为动词原形开头） e. g. Get out! 出去！? (2) Be 型 e. .g Be quiet! 安静！ (3) Let +宾语+ do型 e. g. Lets listen to the music. 我们听音乐吧。注意：三种句型中Do型为最常见、最简单的一种结构。表示请求、劝告的祈使句还可以在句前或句末加上Please。以使语气更加缓和，客气。e. g. Help him, please! 请帮帮他!Please pass me that book. 请把那本书递给我。4. 祈使句的否定结构 Dont/Never + 动词原形e. g. Dont do that again! 不要再做那件事了！ Never do that again! 再也不要做那件事了！ Dont make any noise! 不要发生噪音。 Dont let a child do whatever he likes! 不要让小孩子为所欲为.注意：Lets 型祈使句，其否定式也可用Lets not表达。 e. g. Lets not play any more! 我们不要再玩了！ Lets not waste our time! 我们不要再浪费时间了！ 5. 祈使句的附加疑问句 (1). 在祈使句的附加疑问句中，附加疑问部分一般用will you? 回答部分则用(Yes) I will. 或(No) I wont. e. g. -Turn down the TV, will you? 把电视机（音量）调低一些好吗？ -Yes, I will./ No, I wont. 好的/不。 (1). 以Lets开头的祈使句,其附加疑问句一般用shall we，而以Let us开头的祈使句,其附加疑问句则用will you。因为lets中的us包含听话者（即被请求者），而let us中的us不包含听话者在内。 e. g. Lets practice our spoken English, shall we? 我们（一起）练习英语口语，好吗？（即请求者要求与被请者一起练习）Let us play the football this afternoon, will you? （您）今天下午让我们踢足球，好吗？（踢足球的人不包含被请求者） 111
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