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111一、什么是定语定语是对名词或者代词进行修饰或者限定的成分,定语一般可以翻译成“.的”二、定语可以由什么充当。the green team _形容词_a girl in red _介词短语_a book written by LuXun _过去分词_the girl sitting next to me _现在分词_the work to be done _不定式_a lady who sat next to a black man _定语从句_三、定语从句的三大要素1. 定语从句：在复合句中对名词或代词进行修饰限定的从句2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰限定的名词或代词3. 关系词（关系代词、关系副词）：引导定语从句的代词或者副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词有 when, where, why四、判断下列复合句中的从句是否为定语从句。1. The man that helped you is Mr. White. 是2. Our teachers and parents hoped that we can enter a good university after graduating from Huairen high school three years later. 否3. This is the school bag which my mother bought me yesterday. 是4. The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised. 是5. China is no longer what it used to be. 否6. I dont know the boy whom you gave the book to just now 是五、关系词的三大功能1. 引导定语从句2. 在从句中替代先行词（从句中不能再出现先行词或代替先行词的代词）3. 在定语从句中充当一定的成分功能2(替代功能)讲解：判断下列两组定语从句的正误 The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school. The student whom we saw him just now is the best runner in our school. The trees which are behind the office building have lost their leaves. The trees which they are behind the office building have lost their leaves. 功能3（成分功能）讲解见课本P8六、关系代词的用法1. 在定语从句中，当先行词为物时，关系代词可以用that 或which, 在从句中可以做主语或宾语，其中做宾语时可以被省略。 The earthquake which/that happened in 1906 was the biggest in American history. The train which/that has just left is for Shanghai. He likes the birthday presents （that/which）his friends gave him. Ill tell you the things （that/which）I have heard练练吧： The paintings （that/which）David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room. This is the book (that/which) I bought yesterday. This is the factory that/ which produces famous bikes. We all hope to enter a university which/ that is beautiful and famous.2. 在定语从句中，当先行词为人时， 关系代词可以用that, who, whom, 其中that 和who 在从句中可以做主语或者宾语，whom 只能做宾语，做宾语时，这三个关系代词都可以被省略掉。 Im going to see a friend who/that has just come back from the UK. She is the teacher who/that taught us English Literature. The student （whom/who/that） we saw at the school gate is from America. I dont know the man (whom/who/that) my mother is talking to.练练吧： Do you know the student that/who left a moment ago? Most of the students (that/who/whom) he taught have become his friends. A football fan is a person that/who has a strong interest in football. The students that/ who have finished your homework put up your hands.3. whose 在定语从句中表示一种所属关系，可翻译为“的”，既可以指人，也可以指物，相当于of which/whom. 在定语从句中做定语。 I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.= I sat nest to a girl the name of whom was Diane. The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.= The club the members of which are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.练练吧： A person whose email account（邮箱）is full wont be able to send or receive any emails. His parents wouldnt let him marry the girl whose family was poor. The book whose cover is green is mine. Weihua attended a school in the UK whose school hours are quite different from the school hours in China.七、五个关系代词的用法小结关系代词指人/指物在从句中的成分可否省略that 人或物主语、宾语主语不可省，宾语可省which物主语、宾语主语不可省，宾语可省who人主语、宾语主语不可省，宾语可省whom人宾语可省whose人或物定语不可省八、定语从句谓语动词的单复数应该和先行词保持一致。1. I, _am_ (be) your friend, will try my best to help you.2. Li Ying is one of the girls in the village _B_ to college. A. who goes B. who go C. who went D. who had gone3. Li Ying is the only one of the girls in the village _A_ to college. A. who goes B. who go C. who went D. who had gone九、当先行词为物时，只能使用关系代词that 引导定语从句的情况（金榜直通P15）十、定语从句中必须使用陈述语序。巩固练习：一、 填空（尽量把能用的关系代词都用上，如果关系词做宾语则用括号括起来）1. My brother (that/who/whom) you met last month has gone abroad.2. Those who not only learn from books but also through practice will succeed.3. You have many people around you that/ who are kind to you.4. Football that/ which is a very interesting game is played all over the world.5. That the man whose house has burned down.6. Have you noticed the house whose windows are closed now.7. Those students who/ that want to go camping please tell the monitor8. He has written a book whose name I have forgotten.9. The book is the only one (that) I want to read.10. This is the best factory that produces famous bikes.11. Finally, the thief handed everything (that) he had stolen to the police.12. He talked about the classmates and school (that) he had visited.13. All that needs to be done has been done.14. Have you got anything that belongs to me?15. He is always the first student that/who arrives at the classroom.16. The only thing that could be done is to find our way home.17. Who is the boy that is playing basketball there?18. Which is the correct answer that can be chosen?19. You have seen the girl whose sister is a teacher.二、 翻译下列句子20. Here is the pen (that) you lost yesterday.(你昨天丢的).21. He is the most careful boy (that/who/whom) I have ever known(我所知道的).22. I have lost the watch (that/which) my father gave me(我父亲给我的).23. Wheat is a plant that/which is grown in the north of China.(中国北方种植的).24. The teacher that/ who stood nearby (站在附近的) saw what happened.25. The girl that/ who told me the news (告诉我消息的) is not here now.26. The man who/ that works in the room (在这间屋子工作的) is a chemist.27. The boys who/ that live in the house(住在这所房子里的) are physics students.28. The young man who/that walked past us(从我们身旁走过去的) is the assistant of our chemistry lab.29. The woman who/ that teaches us history(教我们历史的) is named ZhangLi.三、 单项选择30. The man _C_ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. / 31. The only language _B_ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it32. The girl handed everything C_ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all 33. Please show me the book _A_ you bought yesterday. A. which B. whom C. whose D. this 34. The boy_ D_ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door 35. Those _D_ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands.A. which B. whom C. that D. who 36. He is the most careful boy _D_ I know. A. what B. which C. as D. ./37. October 1, 1949 is the day _B_ well never forget.A. when B. that C. where D. in which38. Is this museum _D_ they visited last month?A. that B. which C. where D. the one40. He talked about the men and books _A_ interested him greatly in the school. A. that B. when C. who D. which41. Ive read all the books _B_ our teacher requires us to read. A. which B. that C. what D. they42. This is the very building _B_ Ive been looking for the whole morningA. which B. that C. where D. in which43. Is this the house _A_ the great musician was born in? A. which B. where C. the one D. it44. We should learn form those _A_ are always ready to help other. A. who B. whom C. they D. that 45. Who _C_ knows him would believe him? A. whom B. who C. that D. which46. My cousin _C_ body is slim, still wants to lose some weight. A. who B. that C. whose D. his47. The younger singer _D_ voice sounds sweet is good at singing popular songs.A. who B. whos C. which D. whose48. Is this the factory _B_ you visited the other day?A. in which B. which C. where D. the one49. Is this factory _D_ you visited the other day? A. in which B. which C. where D. the one50. Who is the girl _C_ is crying over there? A. who B. whom C. that D. which 111
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