资源描述
111知识感悟一、词汇详解1.attend vt.参加；出席；管理；照管vi.专心；留意【典型例句】Well attend to that problem later.稍后我们将关注那个问题。Could you attend to this matter immediately?你能不能立刻处理这件事？He attended a meeting yesterday.他昨日参加了会议。She attended to the wounded day and night.她日夜护理伤员。【知识小结】 attend to sb./sth.（to deal with sth. or help sb.）关照(某人、某事)；处理；注意【相关链接】 attend church 上教堂；attend school 上学。2.used to/be used to doing/be used to do【典型例句】 The river used to be clean.这条河过去很干净。He is used to working hard.他习惯于努力地工作。I have been used to rice (eating rice).我已习惯了吃米饭。【知识小结】 be used to sth./doing sth. 习惯(做)某事used to do sth. 过去常做某事be used for sth. 被当作之用【相关链接】 used to与 would的区别:used to表示过去习惯性的动作,现在已不如此了,would则表示过去和现在均可能有的习惯性动作。两者意思基本相同,但used to较为口语化，不常与表示时间的副词短语或从句连用,而would则需要。例如:He used to get up early.他过去起床很早(现在起床不早了)。He would get up late when he was young,but now he is used to getting up early.他年轻时习惯于晚起床,现在习惯于早起床。3.average n.平均数adj.平均的vi. vt.平均;平均达到【典型例句】 Do you know how to work out an average?你知道如何计算平均数吗？The average age of the teachers in our office is 35.我们办公室老师的平均年龄是35岁。The workers average income in this factory is about 800 yuana month.这家工厂的工人每月的平均收入大约是800元。【相关链接】 on average 平均；平均而言He can type 80 words per minute on average.他平均每分钟打80个字。with an average of 平均为4.hit vt.vi.击；击中;撞击;(主意、念头等)突现n. 打；击；命中【典型例句】The bullet hit the police officer in the shoulder.子弹射中了警官的肩膀。Just after his wounded body hit the ground a shell exploded only a few meters away.他受伤的身子刚刚着地，一颗炮弹就在几米远的地方炸开了。The idea hit me when I woke up this morning.我今天早晨醒来时突然想到了这个主意。Strike waves hit several Western European countries.罢工的浪潮袭击了好几个西欧国家。The helicopter had taken eight hits,but somehow managed to land.直升机虽然被击中了8次，但还是安然着陆了。【知识小结】 (1)表示“打击；击中”，如果强调“击中某人某个部位”可以用“hit sb.in/on the+部位”。(2)作名词表示“打；击；命中”，是可数名词。【相关链接】 beat/hit/strike/knock辨析：(1)beat着重连续性地打，如殴打或体罚，也指在游戏竞赛或战争中击败对方，与win，defeat同义。(2)hit作“击中”或“打”解，并带有瞄准某物而击中之意，强调打一下，而且是直接接触某物。(3)strike作“敲打；撞击”解，表示一次或多次有力地打一下，强调迅速性、突然性。(4)knock“撞倒；重敲”，knock on/at the door敲门；knock into sb.撞伤某人。5.defend vt.防护；辩护；防卫【典型例句】 She had to defend herself against the guard dog.她不得不防备看门狗咬她。The accused man had a lawyer to defend him.被告有一律师为他辩护。Hes better at defending than attacking.他的防守优于进攻。【相关链接】 (1)defense=defence n.防卫；防卫设备;辩护(2)defensive adj.防御用的；自卫的(3)defend against 保卫;抵抗(4)defend from保护;保卫(使不受伤害)(5)defend/guard/protect的区别：defend 表示用某种方法或武力来保护免受某种实际存在的威胁或攻击,其保护的对象可以是具体的,也可以是抽象的。guard表示为了防御实际存在的或潜在的危险而进行格外小心谨慎、提高警惕的保卫。例如：The man should raise two snakes to guard the house.这个人竟然养了两条蛇来看家护院。protect侧重表示提供某种掩蔽物或各种防护手段。三者都可与介词 against,from搭配。例如：He raised his arm to protect his face.他举起手臂护住脸部。6.value n.&v.用途；价值；估价；珍视【典型例句】 I think there is something of great value in the book.我认为在书中有一些很有价值的东西。We valued the horse at 3000 dollars at least.我们估计这匹马至少值3000美元。Everyone should value true friendship.每个人都应当珍重真正的友谊。【知识归纳】 be of value=valuable 有价值的【相关链接】 different values不同的价值观value the staff评价员工value our childhood珍惜我们的童年时代7.doubt v.&n.怀疑；不相信【典型例句】 I dont doubt that he is telling the truth.我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。I doubt that she will get the job.我不相信她会得到那个工作。There is no doubt that they will ask you for help.毫无疑问,他们会请你帮忙的。She had her doubts whether the new book would sell well.她怀疑新书是否会畅销。【知识归纳】 (1)用于否定句或疑问句,后接that引导的宾语从句。(2)用于肯定句,一般接whether 或if引导的宾语从句。(3)用于肯定句,后接that从句,表示“不相信”,疑虑很大，相当于dont believe/think。(4)否定句中doubt多接that引导的同位语从句。(5)肯定句中doubt多接whether(一般不用if代替)引导的同位语从句。【相关链接】 doubt和wonder辨析：(1)doubt指对其后所述的事实表示“怀疑、不相信”，后面可接名词或代词作其宾语；也可接宾语从句。接从句时，其肯定句一般接whether或if引导的从句；否定句和疑问句一般接that引导的从句。例如：I doubt if he will come.我担心他是否会来。Do you doubt that he will come?你怀疑他会来吗？I dont doubt that it will rain today.我相信今天会下雨。(2)wonder表达“感到奇怪”时，其后接that从句、不定式等；当表达“想知道”时，其后接if或whether或why,when,where 等词引导的从句。例如：Can you wonder that she speaks French so well?她法语讲得这么好，你觉得奇怪吗？I wonder whether he has come.我想知道他来了没有。8.deserve vt.值得；该受到【典型例句】 I think youre playing with fire.You deserve it!你是玩火自焚，真是自作自受!That goodhearted girl married her “prince” finally.She deserved it.那个好心女孩终于嫁给了她的心上人。她是有好报。Youre very able.You deserve a better job.你很有能力，你应该找到更好的工作才是!【相关链接】 deserve to be done 应当被He deserved to be punished. 他应当受到惩罚。9.instantly adv.立即地；立刻地【典型例句】 Though he slept soundly,he awoke instantly.尽管他睡得很沉，但他一下子就醒了。She began reading instantly she arrived there.她一到那里就开始读书。【知识归纳】 instantly adv.相当于at once，意为“立刻，马上”；conj.相当于as soon as，意为“一就”。10.confirm v.确定；批准；证实；使坚定【典型例句】 The news confirmed my resolution.这消息加强了我的决心。He looked around to confirm that he was alone.他四处张望，要确定周围没人。This latest information confirms him in the belief that we will surely win.这一最新消息使他坚信我们一定会胜利。【相关链接】 confirmation n.证实；确定；确认11.abrupt adj.意外的；突然的；出其不意的【典型例句】 The meeting came to an abrupt end.会议突然结束了。come to an abrupt stop 突然停止【相关链接】 同义词:sharp adj.&adv.;sudden adj.The road turns sharp to the right.路突然向右转个弯。There was a sudden storm,and we all got wet.天突然下起暴雨，我们都淋湿了。12.possession n.所有物；财产(可数，多用复数)；拥有；占有(不可数)【经典例句】 The rare stamp is in the possession of an unknown collector.那枚珍奇邮票现在为一不知名的收藏家所有。Ive had possession of this house for 7 years. 我拥有这房子已经七年了。He lost all his possessions in the fire.在那场火中他失去全部财产。He is in lawful possession of a short gun.他合法地拥有一只短枪。They took possession of the island in 16th century.16世纪，他们占领了这个岛屿。【知识归纳】 be in possession of 拥有be in the possession of 为所有take/get/gain possession of 占有，占领13.adequate adj.充足的;充分的;胜任的【经典例句】 Their earnings are adequate to their needs.他们挣的钱够用了。He is adequate to the job.他能胜任这个职务。【相关链接】 enough与adequate辨析：enough 为常用词,它除表示“足以满足需要的”外,还含有“数量很多使人感到心满意足的”的意思。例如:We have enough money to spend.我们有足够的钱花。adequate 指“足够符合特定(有时可指最低)的资格、分量、才能等”，着重“符合一个客观要求或标准的”。14.absorb vt.吸收；吸引注意力；接受；使(精神)贯注【经典例句】 A sponge absorbs water.海绵吸水。The heat is absorbed by the water.热量被水吸收了。His task absorbs him.他的工作占了他全部精神。He absorbed the point of view of his teacher.他接受了老师的观点。【相关链接】 be absorbed by 被吞并；为所吸收 be absorbed in 一心从事；热衷于；全神贯注在absorb sb.s attention 吸引某人注意二、句型剖析There is no doubt that.毫无疑问【典型例句】 There is no doubt that he is an excellent student.毫无疑问，他是一名优秀的学生。【相关链接】 without doubt(=undoubtedly)无可置疑地;in doubt 对表示疑惑三、语法解读构词法(一)转化英语的实词不但多义，而且同一词也可以有不同词性。此外，还可以从一种词性转化到另一种词性，我们称之为转化法。主要有如下几种：1.动词转化为名词smoke,wash,rest,taste,call,study,guess,drive等。2.名词转化为动词The hall can seat 2000 people.I have never thought they have booked their plane tickets.3.形容词转化为动词The train slowed down to half its speed.The skill can be perfected by constant practice.We should try our best to better living conditions.4.形容词或副词转化为名词The strong should help the weak in some ways.Richard looked like a silly in such a situation.The secretary knows the ins and outs of the accident.Though Mr.Smith is very rich,yet his life is marked by ups and downs.5.分词也可转化为名词the woundedthe disabled(二)派生法在一个词的词根(root)的前面或后面加上某个词缀来构成新词，这种构词法称为派生法(derivation)。加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix)，加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)。词根前加前缀多数不改变词性，只引起词义的变化。如：En-可以同名词或形容词endanger,enlarge构成动词；许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。1.前缀：(1)表示相反意义的前缀有：un-,dis-,in-,im-,over-,de-(2)表示其他意思的前缀有：re-,mis-,ex-,fore-,self-,pre-2.后缀：(1)构成名词的常用后缀有：-er,-or,-ist,-ance,-(a)tion,-sion(2)构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able,-ful,-less,-ish,-ive,-ous注意：构成副词和动词的后缀还有：-ly,-wise;-ise/-ize,-ify,-en等活学巧用翻译(1)He decided to attend the meeting in person._(2)他的祖父坚持他该上法律学校。_(3Dr.Smith attended her in hospital._ (4)He offered to go out and attend to these matters._答案：(1)他决定亲自出席这次会议。(2)His grandfather insisted that he attend a law school.(3)史密斯医生在医院中给她治病。(4)他提出出去处理这些事情。选择(1)Anna_be a heavy smoker,which damaged her health badly.A.wouldB.used to C.had toD.managed to提示：used to be a heavy smoker曾经是一个烟瘾很大的人。答案：B(2)Once you _getting up early and taking exercise,youll become strong.A.are used to B.used to C.insistD.addict提示：be used to sth./doing sth. 习惯做某事。答案：A (3)He used to_,but now he has given up.A.smokingB.smokeC.be smokedD.be smoking提示：句意为“他过去常常吸烟，但是现在他已经戒掉”。used to do sth. 过去常做某事。答案：B翻译(1)What is the average temperature in January in this country?_ (2)我平均一天收到20封电子邮件。_（3）他每场平均得分30分。_答案：(1)这个国家一月份的平均气温是多少？(2)I receive 20 e-mails a day on average.(3)He got 30 points with an average of per game.选择(1)The ship_a rock and slowly it began to go down.A.hit B.knocked C.beat D.broke提示：hit a rock意思是“撞到一块岩石上了”。hit有“击，撞”的意思。答案：A (2)The clock _twelve and I realized it was late.A.hit B.rang C.struck D.beat 提示：钟表敲了几下应该用动词strike。答案：C(3)Tom was so angry with Bob that he hit _.A.Bob in the head B.Bobs head C.Bob on the head D.on Bobs head提示：hit sb.on the head意思是“打在某人头上”。打在某人头部要用介词on,脸上用in。答案：C (4)Quite a few people used to believe that a disaster if a mirror was broken.A.was sure of striking B.was sure of having stuckC.was sure to be struckD.was sure to strike提示：动词不定式表示将要发生的事，在“be+sure+to do sth.”这一结构中，disaster与strike是主谓关系，不用被动式。答案：D选词填空defend/guard/protect(1)Every nation keeps their own army with the purpose of _their country.(2)The President is always_by secret service men.(3)They are not_some animals well enough.(4)Do you know why wild animals should be_ ?(5)The union said that they would take action to _their members jobs.(6)The gate is_by soldiers;you cant go without a pass.答案：(1)defending(2)guarded(3)protecting(4)protected(5)defend(6)guarded填空用括号内的单词的正确形式填空(1)The different people in different countries always have different_ (value).(2)Im sure my information is quite_ (value).(3)I think the product is of little _ (value),so I dont want to buy it.(4)Here your way of life is _ (value)by all.答案：(1)values(2)valuable(3)value(4)valued选择 (1)Brad was Janes brother!_he reminded me so much of Jane.A.No doubt B.Above all C.No wonder D.Of course提示：句意为“Brad是Jane的哥哥!”“怪不得他让我想起了那么多有关Jane的事!”。no wonder表示“怪不得，毫不奇怪”。答案：C(2)What _!Theyve finished more than 30% of the task within one week.A.doubt B.a wonder C.wonder D.doubt提示：wonder作“奇迹”讲时是可数名词。答案：B (3)Excuse me,sir.Would you do me a favor?Of course.What is it?I_if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A.had wondered B.was wonderingC.would wonderD.did wonder提示：既然“of course”已经表明第二个说话人愿意帮忙,所以应用“was wondering”表示第一个说话人在询问前心里在盘算别人是否会帮忙.答案：B(4) _ is no doubt that he will pass the exam.A.There B.ItC.This D.That提示：There is no doubt about sth./There is no doubt that都为固定结构，表示“对毫不怀疑”。答案：A翻译(1)他得到这一切应是受之无愧。_ (2)他们应该入狱。_答案：(1)He richly deserved all that happened to him.(2)They deserved to be sent to prison.选择 They set out _the heavy rain stopped.A.at onceB.instant C.instanceD.as soon as提示：as soon as=instantly一就答案：D选择 Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to_a scientific theory.A.confirmB.confineC.conformD.conceive提示：confirm“证实”，根据句意选A项；confine限制;conform遵守；conceive想出。答案：A完成句子 (1)The _ _of the schedule gave me lots of trouble.(突然改变行程给我造成许多麻烦。)(2)That young man has an_ .(那个年轻人态度很无礼。)(1)abrupt change(2)abrupt manner选择 (1)Will the company be in the_of Mr.Mark when his uncle dies?A.mind B.possessionC.managementD.possess提示：be in the possession of 为所有。答案：B完成句子 (2)You cant_ (占有)the house until all the papers have been signed.(3)I m sorry to say that your car is now _ (被占有)him.(4)All his personal_of his nephew.(他所有个人财产都被他侄子占有了。)答案：(2)take possession of(3)in the possession of(4)possessions are in the possession完成句子 (1)I want a salary_ _support my family.(我要一份足够养家的薪水。)(2)Thats not an_explanation.(这并不足以说明问题。)答案：(1)adequate to(2)adequate选择 Once one is _to Cocaine cigarette, its not easy for him to kick it off.A.attractedB.absorbedC.devotedD.addicted提示：attract“吸引（某人）”,在此句中不合题意,搭配也不对;be absorbed 后接介词in,意为“集中注意力于”;be devoted to指“献身于”，be addicted to “对上瘾”。答案：D选择 Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_a cure for AIDS will be found.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether提示：there is no doubt that.毫无疑问答案：B猜测词性词义(1)The boy stood close to me when he talked to me._(2)My teacher asked me to close the door when I came in._(3)You are my close friend and you can help me when I have difficulty._(4)There is a lot of smoke in the room._(5)The river is twenty meters wide._答案：(1)adv.靠近地(2)v. 关门(3)adj. 亲密的(4)n.烟(5)adv. 宽猜测词义(6)Society has the right to see the law-breakers punished._(7)Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo(冰屋)._(8)The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business in order to get better._(9)From the Congo in West Africa to Rwanda and Uganda further east,they are endangered by hunting and the cutting down of forests._(10)There is one foreign product the Japanese are buying faster than others,and its popularity has caused an uneasy feeling among many Japanese._答案：(6)违法者(7)灼热的(8)重新思考(9)面临威胁(10)流行；不安的课文浓缩 下面的文章为课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。.Michael JordanHead and Shoulders Above the RestMichel Jordan was probably the_athlete in the world.He was the_scorer in the NBA,and played for Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1993. _his famous number 23 shirt,he became the most _basketball player.He was born in New York and grew up in North Carolina.He finished his first season as one of the topscorers in the league, _an_of 28.2 points per game.He was the top scorer in the NBA for seven_seasons.He also played in the dream team.He _the Chicago Bulls and won three more championships from 1996 to 1998. _the basketball court,he opened his own steak restaurant.Wilt the Stiltthe Tower of PowerChamberlain was born in Philadelphia on 21th August 1936.As a child,he had _health problems.He was the only NBA player who_over 50 points per game for an _season.During14 seasons with four_teams,he was named the most_player in the league four times.He ended his career after five_seasons with Los Angeles Lakers.There is no_that he deserves the title “outstanding player of his generation”.答案：.best-known;top;Wearing;successful;with;average;consecutive;rejoined;Off.various;averaged;entire;different;valued;amazing;doubt111
展开阅读全文