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111Unit 20 Lesson 21短语动词1)英语中有相当一部分动词常常要有一个介词或副词依附于其后,共同构成“动词+介词/副词”结构,称作短语动词(Phrasal verb)2)构成短语动词的动词,一般都是一些常用的,短小的动词,常用的如下:ask,be,break,bring,call,carry,catch,come,count,cut,do,fall,find,get,give,go,have,help,hold,keep,let,look,make,pass,put,run,see,set,send,stand,take,tear,throw,try,turn,work 等等。3)能构成短语动词的介词,副词,一般都是一些方向,位置等的词,常用的有:About, across, along, around, at, away, back, by, down, for, forward, in, into, of, off, on, out, over, through, to, under, up, with4)构成形式 不及物动词+介词,介词不能与动词分开,宾语只能放在介词之后e.g. I came across these old letters.我偶然发现了这些旧信件。 We must look into the matter immediately.我们必须马上调查此事。 His carelessness accounts for the failure.他的粗心大意是失败的原因。 及物动词+副词,动词和副词可分开,宾语可在副词之前,也可在副词之后,但如果宾语为人称代词,则必须放在副词之前,如果宾语过长,则应放在副词之后。e.g. We had to put off the meeting because of the storm.因为暴风雨,我们不得不把会议推迟了。 Clear up this mass of dirty clothes.把这堆乱七八糟的脏衣服清理掉。 不及物动词+副词e.g. Look out! 当心! The gun went off by accident. 枪意外地走了火。 The lights suddenly went off.灯突然熄灭了。 动词+副词+介词,在这类结构中,介词的宾语不能移到介词之前去e.g Ill not put up with him any longer. 我对他再也不能忍受了。Please keep out of our affairs。 不要介入我们的事。Theyve run out of ink. 他们的墨水用完了。111
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