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111Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern heroPeriod 3Grammar(the Attributive Clause()整体设计从容说课This is the third teaching period of this unit. To test whether the students have grasped the important and difficult language points they learned in the last period, the teacher should first offer them some revision exercises. The pattern “ only then did we decide to answer violence with violence”is a bit important, so special exercises should be designed.This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar:the Attributive Clause introduced by the relative adverb and preposition+which/whom. Firstly, the teacher can ask the students to read the text Elias Story, tick out the attributive clauses in the reading passage and translate them into Chinese. Secondly, compare and discover the usages of the Attributive Clause, especially the usages of Relative Adverbs (when, where, why)and preposition+which/whom by giving a lot of example sentences. Thirdly, do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on Page 37 and more exercises for students to master the Attributive Clause introduced by the relative adverb and preposition+which/whom. Finally, summarize the Attributive Clause.At the end of the class, ask the students to do the exercises in Using structures on Page 71 and additional exercises for consolidation.教学重点Get the students to master the Attributive Clause introduced by the Relative Adverb and preposition+which/whom.教学难点Enable the students learn how to choose relative adverbs and how to use preposition+which/whom correctly.教学方法1. Task-based teaching and learning2. Cooperative learning and practice教具准备A projector and other normal teaching tools三维目标Knowledge aims:1. Get the students to learn the Attributive Clause introduced by the Relative Adverb and preposition+which/whom.2. Let the students learn usages of relative adverbs and preposition+which/whom.Ability aims:1. Enable the students to use attributive clauses correctly and properly.2. Enable the students to know how to choose proper relative adverbs for attributive clauses.3. Enable the students to know how to choose proper prepositions.Emotional aims:1. Get the students to become interested in grammar learning.2. Develop the students sense of group cooperation.教学过程设计方案（一）Step 1 Revision1. Check the homework exercises.2. Dictate some new words and expressions.3. Translate the sentences:1)只有这样，我们才能把工作做好。2)只有遇到她时，我才会认出她。Suggested answers:1)Only in this way, can we do our work well.2)Only when I meet her, will I recognize her.Step 2 Grammar reviewReview relative pronouns:which, that, who, whose.Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns.1. Is he the man_ wants to see you?2. He is the man_ I saw yesterday.3. They rushed over to help the man_car had broken down.4. The package_ you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.Suggested answers:1. who/that2. (whom/that)3. whose 4. (which/that)Step 3 Grammar learning1. Reading, finding and thinkingTurn to Page 34 and read the text Elias Story. Tick out the attributive clauses introduced by relative adverbs or prep. +which/whom in the reading passage and translate them into Chinese.Suggested answers:1)The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。2)The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away. 我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校，有三千米远。3)This was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。4)The day when Nelson Mandela told me what to do and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life. 那天，纳尔逊曼德拉告诉我该怎么做，而且还帮我的忙，这是我一生中最高兴的日子。5)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。6)The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people. 他们在城里的住宅区都是由白人决定的。7)The places where they were sent to live were the poorest areas in South Africa. 他们被打发去居住的地方是南非最贫穷的地方。8). . . we were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么我们跟政府作斗争。Think over this question:On what circumstance do we use relative adverbs such as when, where, why, and so on to introduce attributive clauses?2. Comparing and discoveringTurn to Page 37. Do Ex. 2. Then compare the following sentences and find out why we use different relatives to introduce the attributive clauses while the antecedents are the same.The government building where we voted was very grand.The government building which/that we voted in was very grand.The government building in which we voted was very grand.Note:In Sentence 1, a relative adverb “where” is used because it refers to “in the government building” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. “in which” can also be used as the adverbial in Sentence 3 because it also means “in the government building” in the attributive clause. While in Sentence 2, a relative pronoun “which” is used as it refers to “the government building” which serves as the object of the preposition “in” in the attributive clause.Compare another three sentences:The date when I arrived was the 5th August.The date which/that he told me was the 5th August.The date on which I arrived was the 5th August.Note:In Sentence 1, a relative adverb “when” is used because it refers to “on that date” which serves as the adverbial in the attributive clause. “on which” can also be used as the adverbial in Sentence 3 because it also means “on that date” in the attributive clause. While in Sentence 2, a relative pronoun “which/that” is used as it refers to “the date” serving as the object of the predicate “told” in the attributive clause.Compare another three sentences and discuss in pairs.Is this the reason which he was late for?Is this the reason for which he was late?Is this the reason why he was late?3. Conclusion关系代词which/whom前介词的选择由先行词的习惯搭配或后半句动词的搭配而决定。关系副词when, where, why代替的先行词分别是时间、地点或原因的名词，并且在定语从句中作状语，多数情况下相当于“介词+which”结构。Step 4 Grammar PracticeShow the exercises on the screen or give out exercise papers.1. Fill in the blanks with proper relative adverbs and preposition+which/whom.1)The speed_ light travels is 300 000 km per second.2)This is the teacher_ I borrow the book.3)Dont bring the children to see the animals_ they are afraid.4)The person_ you should be grateful for a peaceful South Africa is Nelson Mandela.5)Harvard is a world-famous university_ Wang An got his doctors degree.6)Wang An spent 3 years in Harvard University_ he studied applied physics.7)In 1951 Dr Wang founded his own company_ computers were made.8)He became a very successful entrepreneur in the US in 1985,_ he made $3 billion.9)This is Dr Wang_ the computer belonged.10)Robben Island is the place_ Mr. Mandela once was kept.2. Complete these sentences using an attributive clause with when, where or why.1)That was the reason_ (我必须去医院)and I could not go on my holiday to Britain.2)Mary Brown moved to a place (她靠近大海), so she could go swimming every day.3)This was the time (庄稼连续三年歉收), and everyone was cold and hungry.4)It was the year (没有电)and everybody had to cook their dinner by candlelight.5)I went back to the town (我出生的), so I could see the house where I used to live.6)He will never forget the park (他第一次见他妻子).First get the students to do the exercises. Then the answers are given. The teacher can give them explanations where necessary.Suggested answers: 1. 1)at which2)from whom3)of which4)to whom5)where/from which6)where/in which7)where/in which8)when/in which9)to whom10)where/in which 2. 1)why I had to go hospital2)where she was close to the sea3)when the harvest failed three years in a row4)when the electricity failed5)where I was born6)where he first met his wifeStep 5 Grammar summaryAttributive clause:An attributive clause is a clause modifying a noun or pronoun in a compound sentence.Antecedent:The word modified by an attributive clause is called the antecedent.Relative:The word that is used to introduce an attributive clause is called a relative. There are two kinds of relatives, i. e. relative pronouns (including which, that, who, whom, whose, as)and relative adverbs (including where, when, why, etc. ).Note:Relatives plays three important roles in an attributive clause, i. e. introducing an attributive clause, replacing the antecedent in meaning, and functioning as a sentence element in the attributive clause.e. g. The girl who is talking to Mr. Li over there is my sister.In the sentence, “The girl” is the antecedent and “who” is used to introduce the attributive clause as the antecedent is a person. It refers to the girl and functions as the subject in the attributive clause.The choice of the relatives is the most difficult in learning the attributive clause. However, there are some rules that can help us choose the correct relatives. Usually, which relative to choose depends on what the antecedent is and what sentence element the relative functions in the attributive clause as shown in the following chart:AntecedentsRelativesSentence elementspeoplewho/thatsubject/objectwhomobjectthingswhich/thatsubject/objecttimewhich/thatsubject/objectwhen/prep. +whichadverbialplacewhich/thatsubject/objectwhere/prep. +whichadverbialreasonwhy/prep. +whichadverbialNote:Relatives can be omitted if they serve as the objects in the attributive clauses.If a relative functions as the object of a preposition in the attributive clause, the preposition can usually be placed before the relative. In this situation, we use “which” for things and “whom” for people, and they can never be omitted. However, if the preposition and a verb form a set phrase in the attributive clause, they should not be separated:The school (which/that)he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.This is the girl (who/whom)I went to the Great Wall with.This is the girl with whom I went to the Great Wall.The sentence “This is the watch (which/that )you are looking for. ” can not be changed into “This is the watch for which you are looking. ” because “look for” is a set phrase.Step 6 WorkbookDo the exercises in Using structures on Page 71.Step 7 ConsolidationShow the exercises on the screen or give out exercise papers.1. We shall never forget the days_ we worked together.A. that B. in which C. on which D. which2. The pencil, with_ I had been writing, was broken.A. whichB. thatC. asD. it3. I still remember the year_ we spent together.A. B. whenC. on whichD. in which4. The reason_ he didnt pass the exam was that he didnt study hard.A. whichB. in whichC. for whichD. of which5. The days are gone forever_ we used foreign oil.A. when. thatC. whichD. at which6. The school_ my sister studies at is far from here.A. whereB. thatC. at whichD. in which7. My hometown is no longer the place_ it used to be.A. thatB. whatC. whereD. as8. He was the only one of the boys who_ late for school.A. areB. wereC. isD. was9. She was one of the girls who_ late for class.A. areB. wereC. isD. was10. He is the guest_ the manager first introduced.A. whoseB. to whomC. whoD. of whom11. He made a hole in the wall_ he could get into the house.A. in whichB. whichC. through whichD. by which12. Is this the house_ you have bought yourself?A. oneB. the oneC. whereD. that13. The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A. untilB. thatC. whenD. where14. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town_ he grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when15. I can still remember the sitting room_ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. of whichB. whichC. thatD. whereFirst get the students to do the exercises. Then the answers are given. The teacher can give them explanations where necessary.Suggested answers:15 BAACA610 BADBB1115 CDCBDStep 8 Homework1. Finish off the workbook exercises.2. Learn the important grammar points by heart.设计方案（二）Step 1 Revision1. Check the homework exercises.2. Dictate some new words and expressions.3. Translate the sentences:1)只有这样，我们才能把工作做好。2)只有遇到她时，我才会认出她。Step 2 Grammar reviewReview relative pronouns:which, that, who, whose.Step 3 Grammar learning1. Reading, finding and thinkingTurn to Page 34 and read the text Elias Story. Tick out the attributive clauses introduced by relative adverbs or prep. +which/whom in the reading passage and translate them into Chinese.Think over this question:On what circumstance do we use relative adverbs such as when, where, why, and so on to introduce attributive clauses?2. Comparing and discoveringTurn to Page 37. Do Exercise 2. Then compare the following sentences and find out why we use different relatives to introduce the attributive clauses while the antecedents are the same.The government building where we voted was very grand.The government building which/that we voted in was very grand.The government building in which we voted was very grand.3. Conclusion关系代词which/whom前介词的选择由先行词的习惯搭配或后半句动词的搭配而决定。关系副词when, where, why代替的先行词分别是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，并且在定语从句中作状语，多数情况下相当于“介词+which”结构。Step 4 Grammar PracticeShow the exercises on the screen or give out exercise papers. Ask the students to do the exercises. Several minutes later, the answers are given. The teacher can give them explanations where necessary.Step 5 Grammar summary1. The choice of the relativesUsually, which relative to choose depends on what the antecedent is and what sentence element the relative functions as in the attributive clause.2. Relatives can be omitted if they serve as the objects in the attributive clauses.3. If a relative functions as the object of a preposition in the attributive clause, the preposition can usually be placed before the relative. However, if the preposition and a verb form a set phrase in the attributive clause, they should not be separated.Step 6 WorkbookDo the exercises in Using structures on Page 71.Step 7 ConsolidationGive the students some additional exercises for consolidation.Step 8 Homework1. Finish off the workbook exercises.2. Learn the important grammar points by heart板书设计Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern heroThe Attributive ClauseAntecedentsRelativesSentence elementspeoplewho/thatsubject/objectwhomobjectthingswhich/thatsubject/objecttimewhich/thatsubject/objectwhen/prep. +whichadverbialplacewhich/thatsubject/objectwhere/prep. +whichadverbialreasonwhy/prep. +whichadverbial活动与探究This activity is designed to make a deep research into the Attributive Clause. The students are asked to design some exercises about the Attributive Clause. And then they exchange exercises each other and check themselves. The purpose of this activity is to help students make sense of the usage of the Attributive Clause.111
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