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111人教新课标版高一必修一Unit 1 Friendship期末知识梳理.一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.greet2.represent 3.flight 4.curious 5.approach 6.defend 7.major 8.misunderstand 9.adult 10.spoken 11.likely 12.function 13.truly 14.anger 15.rank II.核心短语1be_a bout,对感到好奇的2defend_保卫以免3apologize_sb_sth因某事而向某人道歉4put_举起，建立5_general总的来说，通常6shake hands_sb同某人握手7come_出现，向前8_the distance在远处，在远方9turn ones back_背对，背弃10_face丢脸11act_表演12introduce sb_sb把介绍给13_the cheek在脸颊上14put_ones hand举起手15_the contrary 正好相反16stand close_站得靠近17be likely_很可能18be intended_旨在，打算19_ease安心，放心20keep a record_记录二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset)典例 1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。2). Dont upset yourself - no harm has been done. 不要难过-并没有造成伤害。3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。4). The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。重点用法be upset by 被 打乱upset oneself about sth 为某事烦恼2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系典例 1). The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。2). The boys poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。3). Thats no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。重点用法as / so far as be concerned 关于；至于；就而言be concerned about 关心be concerned at / over sth. 为某事忧虑be concerned in sth. 牵涉到，与有关，参与3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安家；解决典例 1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。重点用法settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在定居4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历典例 1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常头痛吗? 2). Shes suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。重点用法suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛 不适 悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头:5. disagree vt. 不同意典例 1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一。2). We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧。重点用法disagree with sb/what sb says/sbs decision 不同意某人的观点某人的话/某人的决定II.重点词组 1. add up 加起来典例 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？短语归纳add () to . （把什么）加入中add up to 加起来是2. go through 经历；经受典例 1). The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。2). Shes been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。短语归纳go after追求，追赶go ahead前进；请说（做）吧go by走过，（时间）过去go along with向前，（与）一起去go in for爱好，从事 go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭go over越过；复习 go up爬上，（价格等）上升3.on purpose 故意，有目的地典例 The boy broke Jacks window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack. 那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。短语归纳do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事on purpose 表示故意地、有企图、有目的地4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展典例1). He is not easy-going. Its very hard to get along with him 他不是个随和的人，很难相处。2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作进展如何？短语归纳get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与相处得好/不好，进展顺利/不顺利get away离开，逃离get down下来；写下，取下get down to (doing)开始认真干get over克服，摆脱get through通过，做完 get together聚集1. in order to 为了（可置于句首或句中）典例1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 图的是得个好座位。2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建议是为了不让她伤心。短语归纳in order that以便（后跟句子）so that以便（后跟句子）so as to为了（只能置于句中，不能置于句首）III.重点句型 1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热。解释 with复合结构：with + 宾语+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases由“介词with+宾语+宾语补足语” 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等，另外，该结构也可以作为定语使用。下面简述几种情况：1) 如果在该结构中的分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的，构成主谓关系，该分词用现在分词形式。2) 如果分词表示的动作与前面的名词或代词构成动宾关系，该分词用过去分词形式。3) 宾语补足语也可以使用介词短语，形容词或副词来充当。典例1.with + 宾语 + 副词，如：The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on). With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty. 2.with + 宾语 + 介词短语，如：The teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand). The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes). 3.with + 宾语 + 现在分词，如：With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was standing beside)，she felt a bit uneasy. 4.with + 宾语 + 过去分词，如：With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved. With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger. 5.with + 宾语 + 不定式，如：With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), were sure to have a pleasant journey. With Mr Smith to teach them English next term（= As Mr Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 2. I dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水帐解释 as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：1). 引导状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。2). 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 尽管天气冷，我哥只穿了一件衬衫。3). 引导方式状语从句，表示“以方式”。Why didnt you take the medicine as I told you to? 为什么你没有按我说的服这药？4). 引导原因状语从句 (=since; because)，“由于，因为”。As you were not there, I left a message. 因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。5) 引导比较状语从句。She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。3. It is/was thetime that 第几次解释 that从句中的谓语动词一般用完成时态。1). It is the first time that he has heard this song.4.I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事情都无比狂热。句子结构： wonder if 表语从句 so that从句4.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (定语从句) 我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。句子结构： It is/was a time when There is /was a time whenThis/That is/was a time when5.It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。句子结构： It is/was the first (second) time that sb + 现在完成时/过去完成时：这是某人第几次做某事三、语法突破动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式在句中可以用作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况。1. 作时间状语，相当于when, while, after等引导的时间状语从句。Hearing the teachers steps, these students stopped talking at once. (When they heard the teachers steps, these students stopped talking at once.) 听到老师的脚步声，这些学生马上不说话了。2. 作原因状语，相当于as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。Having lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese very well. (Because he has lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese very well.) 他在中国住了好多年了，所以汉语说得很好。3. 作条件状语，相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。Turning to the right, you will see the post office. (If you turn to the right, you will see the post office.) 向右转，你就会看到邮局。 4. 作结果状语，相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。A small plane crashed into a hillside, killing all people on board. (A small plane crashed into a hillside so that all people on board were killed.) 一架小飞机坠毁在山坡上，致使机上人员全部遇难。5. 作让步状语，相当于though, even if等引导的让步状语从句。Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best. (Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best.) 尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大努力。 6. 作方式、伴随状语时不能用状语从句替代，但可改写成并列句。He walked down the hill, singing softly to him-self. (He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself.) 他从山上走下来，一路哼着小曲儿。注：如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动作同时存在或同时发生，则用一般式(即doing)；如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前则用完成式(即having done)。动词的非谓语形式是历年高考命题的热点，而在句中作状语的 V-ing 形式则是英语高考考点的重中之重。现笔者就 V-ing 形式作状语帮助同学们作个小结。 V-ing 形式在句中修饰主句的谓语动词，说明句中谓语动词所处的状态，它是主句主语动作的一部分。与主句谓语表示的动作几乎是同时发生的，可以表示时间、原因、伴随、结果等。 值得一提的是：当从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则应用其完成式的 V-ing 短语 having （ been ） done 。 一 . V-ing 形式表示时间 1. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clear up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 析：句意为“当河流受到严重污染时，现在要清理它已经为时过晚了”。很明显，“污染”在前，“清理河流”在后，应用 suffer 的完成式，故选 A 项。 2. _a reply, he decided to wait again. A. No receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 析：在 V-ing 形式的否定式中，否定词（ no 、 not 或 never ）应置于其前面，不能置于其后面，因此 B 、 D 项不能选，从句意来看，“未收到答案”在前，“决心等待”在后。故选 C 项。 二 . V-ing 形式表示原因 3. _ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. A. Not known B. Known not C. Known not D. Not knowing 析：答案为 D 项，全句实际为 Because he didnt know anything about 的缩略形式。 4. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known 析：答案是 A 项。 三 . V-ing 形式表示伴随情况 5. “ Cant you read? ” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily point 析： A 项为正确答案，根据语法知识 B 、 C 、 D 三项都不能选。 四 . V-ing 形式表示结果 6. European football is played in 80 countries _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 析： making it 其形式相当于定语从句 which makes it the most popular sport in the world 的简化形式。故 A 项为正确答案。【练习】. 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. _ many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having been toldD. Having told 2. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an e-mail instead. A. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed 3. When we visited my hometown, memory came _ back. A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded 4. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it. A. having triedB. tryingC. to tryD. tried 5. _ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. To throwB. ThrowingC. ThrownD. Being thrown 6. _ at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. (2010, 北京卷)A. LookingB. LookC. To lookD. Looked 7. The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains. (2010, 江西卷)A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 8. _ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010, 上海卷)A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached 9. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _ the students to return to their classrooms. (2010, 江苏卷)A. enabling B. having enabledC. to enable D. to have enabled10. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010, 福建卷) A. sendingB. to sendC. having sentD. to have sent. 根据括号内的提示，用动词-ing形式完成下列句子。 1. _(穿过) the park, we saw a fine flower show. (walk) 2. _(重达近50公斤), the stone was moved by him. (weigh) 3. The storm left, _(造成很大损失) to this area. (cause) 4. She worked late into the night, _(准备一份演讲稿) for the president. (prepare) 5. _(从看) the top of the hill, you can get a wonderful view of the whole city. (see) 6. _(和一起生活) the man for 3 years, we all know him very well. (live) 7. _(对待人们) kindly, youll make many good friends.（treat） 8. _(不知道) his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. (know) Key: .15 CDABB610 ACAAA.1. Walking through 2. Weighing almost 50 kilograms 3. causing a lot of damage 4. preparing a speech5. Seeing from 6. Having lived with7. Treating people 8. Not knowing四、单元自测第一节 单项选择1.You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.A. before B once C .until D. though2.I like getting up very early in summer ,The morning air is so good _A. to be breathedB. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed3.Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ Exciting experienceA. / ; the B./ ; an C. an ; an D. the ; the 4._ in his study , he didnt know that all the others had leftA. Buring B. Buried C. Buried himself D. He buried5 I agree with most of what you said , but I dont agree with_A. anything B. something C. everything D .nothing6._ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are Making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What7. He had his left leg_ when trying to save one of his working mates From the fall of a wallA. destroyed B. wounded C. injured D. ruined8.Although the working mother is very busy , she still _ a lot of time to Children . A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides9.-Are you happy with your new computer? -No, it is _me a lot of trouble.A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing10. After the traffic accident, no one _except a few people who were Badly injured. A. survive B. survived C .was survived D. was surviving11. Please put the bike _ it belongs after you have used it.A. where B. to which C. what D. that12.One of the young mans paintings has been_ by some experts of the Art Field. A. high thought of B. well thought of C. highly thought D. good thought13. Mary never does any reading in the eveningA. so does John B. John does too C. John doesnt D. nor does John14.The employee you had been thinking highly _dishonest A. of proving B .of proved C. of to prove D. of being proved15 -Did Jack _having taken some books without telling anybody? -Yes, he did. He said he took three booksA. imagine B. allow C. attempt D. admit第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The professors house，big and untidy，stood alone at one end of a huge garden. The place was totally uncared for，quite 1 and overgrown with all sorts of useless things. I 2 my way through bushes and tall weeds to the front door and rang the bell.I was glad that I had found him. In twenty minutes he 3 me right on all the 4 that had puzzled me. I was on the 5 of leaving when I looked out of his study window and said，“Youre very fond of gardening，I see.”“No，Im not，” he said.“ 6 ，I love this garden，though. Its 7 I always wanted it to be. I never touch it at all.”“It could be made lovely. It 8 a pity to let all this ground go to waste. But perhaps you dont 9 that way?” said I“I dont. I lived here when I was a child，and I had 10 of gardening then. It was my fathers hobby，you see. Unfortunately，he wasnt 11 enough to do it himself. My brother and I did all of it between us year after year. There was one right way and many wrong ways. Each blade（叶片） of grass was an enemy to be 12 by hand, not just cut off. Ive spent a good part of life at work here.”“I see. You took a dislike to it, and now youre getting even！”“I dislike it. Then, of course, I didnt understand the 13 it had. It used to 14 me. It appeared in my dreamsa mistake here, something not quite straight here, the enemy showing its head in a place I was 15 to have cleaned. The work was too much. It seemed endless. The size of the place was itself a fight to a boy.”“And now its yours，youre just letting it go to. ”“ 16 ?” he said.“No，I dont agree with that. This garden and I are now the best friends. I like 17 it grow 18 its own way. I make no demands on it. I never disturb it, and it never disturbs me. It has 19 at last, and so have I.”“But the path is over grown. Its inconvenient for you，isnt it?”“Thats part of my 20 ，” he laughed.“You can go out the back way. The weeds are shorter there because they dont get the sun.”1. A. wild B. crazy C. large D. nice2. A. lostB. feltC. tookD. made 3. A. let B. put C. taughtD. explained 4. A. gardening B. plants C. problems D. solution 5. A. time B. point C. permission D. request 6. A. Even if B. So C. As though D. Even so 7. A. as B. where C. why D. whether 8. A. seems B. is C. proves D. sounds 9. A. recognizeB. sense C. see D. know 10. A. fond B. short C. free D. enough 11. A. interestedB. fit C. content D. demanding 12. A. fought against B. cleared up C. rooted out D. cut down 13. A. effect B. reason C. cause D. result 14. A. astonish B. shock C. worry D. disappoint 15. A. thought B. supposed C. ordered D. expected 16. A. SellB. Develop C. Grow D. Ruin 17. A. noticing B. attendingC. watering D. watching 18. A. on B. in C. with D. of 19. A. freedom B. time C. sunlight D. space 20. A. life B. pleasure C. job D. research 第三节 阅读理解 AIce climb in LondonThe huge ice skating area at Somerset House has been drawing crowds each winter for years, but last November an ice wall was added for the first time, bringing even more danger and excitement. Standing more than 26 feet high is a long line of pure ice, featuring three climbing faces of varying difficulty using crampons (防滑鞋), ice picks and ropes. Using it costs about 40 (020 78454600; www.somersethouseicednk.org.uk). It is open from late November to the end of January.Hang-gliding (悬挂式滑翔) in Rio De JaneiroAccording to the hang-gliders of Rio, once youve swooped (俯冲) over the citys streets, gazing at the Sugar Loaf, and the city of Niteroion, the other side of Guanabara Bay, you will understand why birds are peaceful animals. Accept the romantic idea on a 30-minute cycling flight from the 525-meter Pedra Bonita in the Sao Conrado mountain down to the Sao Conrado beach. It costs around 55.Contact Air Adventures (00 21 9843 9006; www.riohanggliding. com).Skywalk in SydneyThis experience takes having a look at a nice view to the whole other level, as you are suspended more than 850 feet (260 m) above street level, controlled to a glass viewing platform of Sydney Tower. Its the citys highest building. After a thorough briefing and being fitted with protective skysuits, skywalkers make their way along two-purpose-built walkways and platforms, which have transparent floor, while a guide points out landmarks. Night time skywalks are also available. It costs 46.Mountain boarding in LeedsRiders roll down hills and fly off jumps, doing tricks. A number of special mountainboard parks have opened around the country (see www. ridethehill.com). But the Leeds body of the Boarding Society practice at least twice a week in the city in locations that include Roundhay Park. Those with their own boards are welcomed to join them. Contact the society at www.scuz.info. Alternatively, beginners can get lessons in Halifax at the Another World (01422 245196; www. Mountain boarding.co.uk) mountainboard center for 8 an hour, with equipment.1. The purpose of the above ads is to _.A. offer some ways to experience extreme sportsB. help readers have different excitement during their holidaysC. introduce the most exciting sports around the worldD. introduce the latest sports in the world2. Which of the following is open at night?A. Ice climb in London. B. Hang-gliding in Rio De Janeiro.C. Skywalk in Sydney. D. Mountainboarding in Leeds.3. What kind of feeling would you have if you went hang-gliding in Rio De Janeiro?A. Flying pe
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