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111Period 3 Grammar【大成目标】（目标解读及课堂组织2分钟）1.复习非谓语动词的各种形式及用法；2.掌握分词,动名词和不定式在句子中的功能及用法；（重点）3.能判断非谓语形式的主动和被动形式并正确运用。(难点)【使用说明】1.课前预习并完成基础案，有疑问的可以在课堂上提问；2.注意本学案的小贴士。基础案(课中5分钟)自主学习，教师课中点拨1.非谓语动词有哪几类？充当什么句子成分？分词（包括现在分词和过去分词），动名词和动词不定式，他们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以做主语，表语，宾语，定语和状语。2. 非谓语动词的结构与特点在下面的表格中填上相关的内容。非谓语动词结构语法功能（做何句子成分）逻辑主语特点主动语态被动语态不定式to doto be done相当于adj. adv.和n.可作主、宾、表、定、宾补及状语句子主语或谓语动词的宾语一般表示动作的将来或同时发生to have doneto have been doneto be doing-ing形式doingbeing done相当于adj. n. adv.可作主、宾、定、表、宾补及状语与句子主语一致表示动作的进行或主动having donehaving been done-ed形式done相当于adj.和 adv.可作定、表、宾补及状语与句子主语一致表示动作的完成或被动升华案（20分钟）自主学习，小组合作，展示点评在学习和使用非谓语动词时需要注意以下几点：探究提示：根据例句，小组合作讨论，归纳非谓语动词的用法。1. 要注意现在分词和过去分词作状语时的不同。比较：When living abroad, he wrote many letters to his family and friends.v When heated, the ice will change into water.归纳：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。2. 要注意不定式和分词作宾语补足语的不同。v在感官动词（see, watch, hear, feel, notice等）后既可用不带to 的不定式做宾语补语，也可用现在分词做宾补。两者中间有时是有差别的。v A: Do you hear someone knocking at the door?v B: Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.归纳：用现在分词时表示动作正在发生，用不定式时表示动作发生了，即动作全部结束了。温馨提示：从不定式和分词与名词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系方面来归纳。3. 要注意不定式和分词作定语时的区别。Give me a piece of paper to write on.vAll of us look forward to the coming holiday.归纳：不定式作定语时，不定式和所修饰的名词在意义上有动宾关系，因此，如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词；分词作定语, 则被修饰的名词和分词之间有主谓关系。4. 动名词和不定式做主语和表语时的区别。例如：vReading without thorough comprehension is no good.vIt is quite necessary to read it many times.归纳：一般来说，动名词表示比较抽象的一般的行为，不定式表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作。5. 某些固定结构（动名词特殊用法）(1)There is no + v-ing “是不可能的”。vThere is no knowing how old she is.= It is impossible to know how old she is.vThere is no telling where shes gone.= It is impossible / difficult to know where shes gone.(2) make a point of + doing “认为是必要的”。vOur family make a point of going to church every Sunday.v= Our family make it a rule to go to church every Sunday.(3) be on the point / verge/ brink of + doing “濒临，将要”。vHe was on the point of leaving.(4) on (upon) + doing “一就”。vOn hearing the news, I changed my plans.= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.(5) It is no use / good + doing “是没有用的”，There is no point in doing sth “是没必要的”。vIt is no use trying to persuade him. = It is of no use to try to persuade him.vThere is no point in telling her this news. = It is not necessary to tell her the news.(6) go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)。vHe went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.(7) 动名词短语常用在以下结构中：温馨提示：这些固定用法要记住哟！vhave difficulty (in) + doing sth 做某事有困难/费劲vhave trouble (in) + doing sth 做某事有困难/费劲vhave fun (in) + doing sth 做某事有趣/高兴vhave a good time (in) + doing sth 做某事很高兴vhave a hard time (in) + doing sth 做某事很困难v例1：We have great difficulty (in) solving the problem.v例2：They had problem getting there.巩固案（10分钟）限时完成，当堂点评Multiple choice. 1. Its a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this weekend? A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit2. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 3. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt4. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close温馨提示：一定要注意分析时态和语态。5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. A. callingB. calledC. being called D. to call6. There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuaded D. to persuade7. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completedB. having been completed C. completed D. being completed温馨提示：一定要考虑句子所用的语态哟！8. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched 9. Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. Ato seal Bto be seated C seating Dseated 10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished1-5 ACACA 6-10 DBCD 【目标反馈】(3分钟) 1.本节课目标达成情况： 2.存在什么问题？2111
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