2013版英语一轮精品复习学案：Unit3《Computers》（新人教版必修2）

1112013版英语一轮精品复习学案：Unit3Computers（新人教版必修2）【高考新动向】【考纲全景透析】【重点单词】1 calculate v. 计算，计划，打算；估计 We havent calculated the cost of the vacation yet.我们还没有计算出度假要花多少钱。 The advertisements are calculated to attract young single consumers.这些广告旨在吸引年轻的单身消费者 It has been calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year.据估算，去年至少丧失了47000个工作2. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和in sum简言之; 总而言之sum sb/sth up形成对某人某事物的看法 1). He was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以200英镑罚金。2). The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。【即境活用】中译英1). 总之, 计划告吹了。_2). 我认为她是个很能干的经理。_Keys: 1). In sum, the plan failed. 2). I summed her up as a competent manager.3 signal vi,&vt, 发信号；n.信号 All I get a busy signal whenever I dial his number.我什么时候拨他的电话听到的都是忙音。 He signaled (to) the waiter for the bill.他示意服务员结账。 She signaled (to) him to follow her .她示意他跟她走。4 type n. 类型，种类，样式；v.打字 How fsat can you type?你打字有多快？ This letter needs to be typed again.这封信需要再打一遍。5 arise vi. 出现，发生，起身，起床【重点短语】1. in a way 在某种程度上（表示对情况的态度）。In a way, its kind of nice to be studying alone.在某种程度上讲，独自一个人学习相当不错。【点拨】in a way=in one way=in some ways；in the way意为“，挡道；造成阻碍”【拓展延伸】 in one way 在某方面； in some ways 在某些方面；in no way 决不，无论如何不（位于句首构成倒装）；on ones way to在去的路上； by the way顺便说；in any way在任何方面； in every way在各方面；in the way和in ones way两个短语含义相同”挡住去路；碍事”之意。【即境活用】 I cant see the word on the blackboard. Your head is _. A. on the way B. in a way C. by the way D. in the way【解析】D 考查way短语辨析。in the way和in ones way，均表示”挡住去路；碍事”之意。按照句意D符合2. deal with1）对待；处理；（一般与how连用）How are you going to deal with the problem? 你们打算怎样处理这个问题呢？2）与-往来，与-相处（后接人）Such man is difficult to deal with. 这种人不容易相处3）与-做生意，与-做买卖Ive dealt with him for ten years. 我和他做生意已经10年了4）关于，有关，论及This book deals with the Middle East. 这本书是关于中东的【拓展延伸】do with 对待，处理（与what连用）；以对付过去，忍受（与助动词连用）He didnt know what to do with the property his father had left.他不知道如何处理他父亲留下的财产I cant do with the loud noise. 我无法忍受那种噪音【点拨】作”对待，处理”解，二者同义，deal with与how搭配，do with与what搭配。【即境活用】He knows _ to deal with man but when he meets women, he doesnt know _ to do.A. what; how B. what; what C. how; what D. how; how【答案】C 考查how-deal with; what-do-with的用法；解析 作”对待，处理”解，do with 和deal with同义，deal with与how搭配，do with与what搭配【重点句型】And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!我的存储量变得如此之大，连我自己都不敢相信！sothat 意思是”如此以至于”1） so/such-that- 引导结果状语从句;2) 常见句型 adj./adv.+ that-clause so + adj.+ a/an + 单数可数名词 + that-clause many/much/few/little（表示数量） + n.+ that-clause a/an + adj. + 单数可数名词 + that-clause such + adj.+ 复数名词 + that-clause adj.+ 不可数名词 + that-clause辨析：sothat与so that【即境活用】-What a beautiful day!-Yes, its _that Id like to take a walk.A. such nice weather B. so a nice weather C. too nice weather D nice weather so【解析】A 考查so/suchthat-句型结构。因为此处weather是中心词，但它为不可数名词，所以不能加冠词。【热点难点全析】The Present Perfect Passive Voice1. 构成：现在完成时被动语态由”has/have + been + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。Has/have为助动词；They havent been told the exciting news yet, have they? 他们还没有被告诉这个令人激动地消息，对吗？1）since then, since+从句，so far, by now, up till, now, recently, lately, already, yet等常用于现在完成时的句子中。2）ever, never, already, yet等副词用于现在完成时的被动语态时，放在has或have之后2. 现在完成时被动语态用法1）表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响和结果The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。2） 表示一个被动的动作或状态发生在过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常于for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long-?”句型中How long has the machine been used? 这台机器使用多久啦?3. 现在完成时被动语态应注意的几个地方1）注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时被动语态所表示的动作和状态与现在没有联系，而现在完成时被动语态强调与现在的联系The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建的。The bridge has been built. 这座桥已经建好啦。3） 注意特殊动词：borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的被动语态不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，否则要改换动词和状态，How long has this book been bought?(F) How long ago was this book bought?(T)但这类动词的否定句可以和一段时间状语连用。No book s have been bought since last week. 从上周以来，没有人来买过书【典型例题】1. -Why does the Lake smell terrible?-Because large quantities of water .A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted【解析】D考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数2. His sister left home in 1998, and since. A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of【解析】B 考查现在完成时的被动语态否定句。按照句意为：他的妹妹在1998年离开家，自从那时就没有音讯了。用现在完成时的否定结构【语法专练】1. Weve been told the good news, but when and where to go for the exciting on salary vocation yet.A. are not discussed B. have not been discussedC. is not being discussed D. has not been discussed2. Wed like a double room, please.世纪金榜Im sorry, but all but two single rooms with sea view _. A. have been reservedB. has been reservedC. were reserved D. has reserved3Every means to prevent the river from .Ahas been used; being polluted Bis used; pollutedCare used; being polluted Dgot used; polluting4. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided5. I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught6.In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit.A. have run B. have been runC. had been run D. will run答案：16 DAAADB【高考零距离】1、（2012浙江卷16） Alvin, are you coming with us? Id love to, but something unexpected.A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come upD. would come up【解析】选A。动词时态现在完成时。根据句意：-艾琳，你要和我们一起去吗？-我想去，但是发生了点意外。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或事情到现在为止，且对现在造成了一定的影响，符合语境，故答案选，过去进行时，表示过去某段时间正在进行的的动作或所处的状态；，过去完成时表示过去的过去；，过去将来时表示过去将来要发生的事情，均不符合语境，故排除。2、（2011新课标全国卷 T34）William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to .Adisappear B. fallCfail Ddamage【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意：威廉发现读书越来越难，因为他的视力正逐渐变弱。disappear消失；fall落下，（数量 数目）下降；fail（指健康)衰退，变弱，消失；damage毁坏。3.（2011全国卷I T33）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remindC. reminded D. remind【解析】选C。考查动词和动词短语。句意为：米契尔在床边挂了一幅姚明的照片以便时刻使自己记得自己的梦想。keep+宾语+宾补（使处于某种状态），后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词或过去分词，过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系也就是被动关系，现在分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的主动关系；remind sb. of使某人想起某事或提醒某人某事，由该结构可以看出，himself与remind之间为被动关系，故选C。4（2010福建卷T28）Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns.A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised【解析】选D 考查时态和语态。句意：每年大量的农民工为了离开家乡前被许诺过的挣钱的工作来到深圳。由句中arrive及before leaving their hometowns可知，该空为现在完成时，故选C项。5.（2010四川卷T11）In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant Ato deal with Bdealing with Cto be dealt with Ddealt with【解析】选A。考查不定式主动表被动。在某些形容词后经常用不定式的主动形式表被动，此时，不定式动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。又如：The apartment is comfortable to live in. 6（2009湖北卷T22） During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to _ bread for days.A. eat up B. give away C. do without D. deal with【解析】选C. 考查动词短语。根据上句During the war there was a serious lack of food可推测出“即或是富裕家庭也得几天吃不上面包”，应选择do without表示“不用/吃勉强度过”。eat up“吃完”，give away“收拾”，deal with“应付，处理”。7.（2009湖北卷T23） The loss has not yet been _ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled【解析】选A.。考查动词。根据句意可知此处表示“损失（数据）还没统计”，应选择calculated。considered“考虑”，completed“完成”，controlled“控制”均不符合上下文。8.（2009湖北卷T 26） In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure【解析】选A. 考查名词。根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本，这是下课的暗示，选项中只能选择signal。chance“机会”，mark“分数，痕迹”，measure“方法，措施”。9.（2009全国卷IIT13） Jenny nearly missed the flight doing too much shopping. A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of 【解析】选A考查固定短语(as a result of“由于。的结果”)。10.（2009山东卷T27） So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 【解析】选C。本题考查倒装，so .that., such .that.的句子结构中，若so, such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒装，又sudden是形容词，作表语，所以选C。【考点提升训练】一、听力（略）二、单项选择21、（2012江西省上饶第一次高考模拟）28-Who do you guess I am ?-Sorry,your name my mind.Aslipped B has slipped C had slipped D slips22.（2012四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟）20Mary, are you sure your aunt _ back from America?YesMy mother _ meI am going to see her nowAhas come; told Bcame; had toldChad come; tells Dis coming; has told23So narrow _ two people couldnt walk side by side. A. the street was thatB. was that the streetC. was the street that D. that was the street24. Frank really doesnt know how to _ the matter.A. do with B. deal with C. solve with D. settle with25. John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones.A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that世纪金榜26Faced with trouble or difficulty，a person takes help that is availableAwhatever Bwhenever Cwherever Dhowever世纪金榜27. _ in some rural schools that the teacher is even unable to walk through the rows of desks. A. The classroom is as crowded B. So crowded is the classroomD. As crowded the classroom is D. The classroom is such crowded世纪金榜28. - How many students are there in your class_?- Forty-five. 世纪金榜A. at all B. in total C. in the end D. in the total29. - I think he is taking an active part in social work.- I agree with you _.A. on the way B. in the way C. by the way D. in a way30. NASA began a（n）_ of shuttle flights carrying live animals to space with the launch of Challenger flight STS 51B on April 28, 1985. A. amount B. sum C. deal D. series31. Weve been told the good news, but when and where to go for the exciting on salary vocation yet.A. are not discussed B. have not been discussedC. is not being discussed D. has not been discussed32. The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing _ should have attracted the governments attention. A. solving B. solve C. solved D. to solve33. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A. being robbed B. having been robbedC. to have been robbed D. to have robbed34. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority _ religious men, _ ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.A. was; of which the B. were; of whomC. were; their D. were; whose35. Sorry, I couldnt find the magazine you asked for. _.A. Dont mention it B. No problem C. Thanks anyway D. Its all the same三、完形填空An Italian philosopher once said that a great man makes his own good luck. What he means is that when good luck comes, a great man knows how to seize the opportunity and 36 advantage of it.There is a story about Bill Gates, the 37 of Microsoft that proves this. One day an executive from a large computer company came to his 38 looking for someone who had 39 a new operating system for computers. He didnt know too much about the inventor or his operating system, and he wasnt 40 sure of the inventors address. At that time everything in the computer business was so new and so disorganized 41 normal business procedures were almost unknown.It 42 that the inventor lived in a home next to Gates, but he was not at home when the executive came by. He may have been 43 at a meeting or shopping for new equipment. The executive, 44 no one home, wasnt sure what to do, but he didnt want to waste his trip, so he stopped by Gates house to ask him if he knew anything about the inventors system and 45 it worked.Since Gates was working on very 46 software, most other people in his place would have spoken 47 with the executive, told him that he was working on something else, and then forgotten about the whole thing. Gates, however, saw a（n） 48 and jumped on it. He told the executive that 49 he was working on his own operating system（he wasnt）and he would be 50 to discuss it with the executive in a few weeks.After the executive 51 to a meeting to be held a few weeks later, Gates quickly went out 52 for someone who had a workable new operating system. As an engineer he had a better idea than the executive about what he needed, and when he found someone with an operating system that he liked, he made modifications（修改） 53 on what the executive told him. His meeting a few weeks later was a great 54 , and Gates new operating system was sold to the large company and the sale became the foundation of Microsoft. Within two decades Gates was the richest man in the world. He 55 his own luck by seizing an unexpected opportunity.36. A. take B. make C. use D. give37. A. discoverer B. founder C. organizer D. speaker38. A. neighborhood B. home C. office D. company39. A. worked B. bought C. found D. invented40. A. certainly B. fairly C. ever D. even41. A. as B. whose C. that D. which42. A. found out B. turned out C. turned up D. showed up43. A. out B. outside C. off D. up44. A. expecting B. considering C. looking D. seeing45. A. when B. where C. how D. why46. A. same B. different C. similar D. exact47. A. attentively B. carefully C. briefly D. closely48. A. choice B. possibility C. opportunity D. occasion49. A. after all B. in fact C. in hand D. in addition50. A. devoted B. invited C. prepared D. welcomed51. A. promised B. agreed C. admitted D. approved52. A. looking B. leaving C. caring D. hoping53. A. depended B. relied C. based D. fixed54. A. mistake B. failure C. result D. success55. A. enjoyed B. made C. took D. missed四、阅读理解AMost people who are thought as being successful often owe their success to people in their lives that they consider to be a coach. In fact，the most successful people on the planet have their own personal coachThe reason for this is simpleWhile friends，family and colleagues can be wonderful supporters，they often provide guidance to you based on their own purposeTheir purpose is often a well meaning one，but the bottom line is: its “their purpose. While their wants for you may sometimes agree with your own life desires and goals，it is difficult for them to be completely unbiased(公正的)in actionsNone of us can be truly“unbiased”in the ways we interact(相互作用)with those closest to us because our lives are so directly intertwined with one another Thats where a personal coach comes in The purpose of a personal coach is to provide you with a professional who is skilled at unbiased listening and wholehearted helping Your coach expertly assists you in creating a strong personal foundation that allows you to dream big and achieve those dreams about what you can or cannot accomplish A coach is your personal trainer in lifeA coach helps you discover your undeveloped potential and works with you to develop every aspect of your personal greatness With the right coach you cant help but succeed Its not surprising that almost all recognize leaders have a personal coach Of course, all professional athletes do So do Fortune 500 CEOs，cutting edge business leaders and recognized role models56According to the passage，a coach is the following EXCEPT Ayour personal trainer in life B quite successful in his career and love Ca professional who is skilled Dimportant for a person to be successful57The most successful people have their own personal coach because 。 Athey have quite a few friends Btheir lives are full of difficulties Ctheir friends and colleagues seldom help them Dthe personal coach can provide fair advice58The underlined word “intertwined” in Paragraph 3 means Adecorated Bconnected Ccompared Dsurrounded59The purpose of this passage is to tell US that Ayou need a personal coach in order to be successful Bfamilies are the foundation of a lot of successes Cfamilies and friends can help you to be successful Dsetting life goals is very important for you to succeedBIf U.S. software companies dont pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top U.S. quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country. Already, of the worlds 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. Thats largely because they have used new methods rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J. M. Juran had urged U.S. software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U.S - but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Demings and Jurans ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In U.S. factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is. Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing(evaluating) and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%. Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Lets hope that U.S. lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems. 60. What country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has? A. India.