2013版英语一轮精品复习学案：Unit1《Friendship》（新人教版必修1）

1112013版英语一轮精品复习学案：Unit1 Friendship（新人教版必修1）【高考新动向】【考纲全景透析】【重点单词】1、upset adj。心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt。使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打翻；打乱，扰乱（计划等）（sth）upset sb. 某事使某人心烦意乱（sb.）upset sth. 某人打/弄翻某物 upset a plan 打乱计划be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心upset ones stomach 使肠胃不适 His strange behaviour upset his father.他的奇怪行为使他父亲很伤心。 Dont upset yourself about the exam.不要为考试烦恼。 It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it.让他不高兴的是，谁也没有把这件事告诉他。It upset me to think of her all alone in that in big house.想到孤身一人守着那所大房子，我感到很不舒服。温馨提示：（1）upset为表语形容词，非定语形容词（2）upset的过去式和过去分词仍为upset（3）upset的现在分词为upsetting即景活用：The protesters the meeting by shouting and throwing stones at the windows.A attending B held C upset D mixed【解析】选C。句意为：抗议者们大喊大叫并不断向窗子扔石头打乱了会议。Upset打乱；attend参加；hold举办，容纳；mix混合2. calmcalm vt.& vi.（使）平静，（使）镇定；adj.平静的，镇静的。calm down vi.平静下来 calm sb down 使某人平静下来He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。The crying child soon calmed down哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来【拓展延伸】【点拨】：calm, quiet, silent, stillcalm 指气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，指人“从容镇静的”。例如：The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧蓝，海上风平浪静。Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.虽然她害怕，但还是用平静的声音回答quiet 侧重于因无骚扰产生的“安静、无动静、无声响”。例如：Be quiet, please. 别吵闹，请安静下来He had a quiet life in the countryside. 他在乡间过着安静的生活。silent 意为“寂静无音的”、“沉默无言的”，指人沉默不语或地方一片静寂。例如：The house is empty and silent.房子里空无一人，寂静无声。A silent man likes to stay in a silent place.沉默寡言的人喜欢呆在安静的地方。still 指“静止的、一动不动的、寂静的”，侧重于静止不动和完全无声，带有感情色彩。例如：All sounds are still.万籁俱寂。The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moves slightly.那个瑞典人纹丝不动地站着，只有嘴唇在轻轻蠕动。【即境活用】Keep calm/quiet/silent/still.填空对比：Keep_ 保持镇静（别慌）。Keep _ 保持安静（别吵）。Keep_. 保持沉默（别说话）。Keep_ 保持静止（别动）。【答案】calm quiet. silent still.3. ignoreignore vt. 不理睬；忽视。例如：I made a suggestion, but she .ignored it. 我提了个建议，可是她不理睬【拓展延伸】ignorant adj.无知的；无学识的；愚昧的ignorance n. 无知, 愚昧ignorance of 对-无知Children often behave badly out of ignorance.孩子们往往出于无知而不守规矩【即境活用】- So you didnt say“hello” to him last night?-Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he _me and walked on.A. ignored B. refused C. denied D. missed【解析】A 考查动词辨析。Ignore不理会；refuse拒绝；deny否定；miss错过，想念。4. concern n.u 关心，担忧；C关心的人（或）事（1）It is no concern of mine/yours. 这不关我、你的事。（2）concerned adj. 关心的，关切的，担忧的；焦虑的（位于名词之前）；相关的（位于名词之前）as/so far as.be concerned 就而言；依之见be concerned about/for sth 担心.；关心.be concerned in/with 与.有关be concerned over/at sth 为某事忧虑（3）concerned oneself about/ for 担忧 ，关心（4）concerning prep. 关于，有关There is growing concern about violence on television.人们对电视上的暴力内容日见忧虑 The President is deeply concerned about this issue.总统对这个问题深感担忧 He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.他问了几个有关公司前途的问题This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.本章旨在讲述历史背景温馨提示：concerned 用作形容词时意为“担忧的；关心的”；用作后置定语意为“相关的；有关的”。另外concerning 用作介词时意为“关于；对于”即景活用：What the public is about is whether medical workers and scientists will be able to find a cure for this new disease in a short time . A concerning B concen C concerned D to concern【解析】选C.句意为：公众关心的是医疗工作者和科学加们能否在短期内找到治疗这种新疾病的方法。Be concerned about 担心，关心；concerning 为介词，意为“关于”，与题意不符。5. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安排；解决典例 1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。重点用法settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在定居，settle on 选定，决定；settled adj.稳定的，舒适自在的【即境活用】中译英1). 都十一点了，她安不下心来工作。_2). 题目这么难，谁能解决？_答案: 1). Its eleven oclock now, but she cannot settle to work. 2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?6.suffer v.遭受；忍受；经历 Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled stuff.许多公司苦于缺乏熟练的员工。 He suffered a massive heart attack .他心脏病发作很严重。 The Republican Party has just suffered a huge defeat in the polls recently.共和党在最近的投票选举中遭到了惨败即景活用：As a result of the severe earthquake in Wenchuan ,the whole city great losses.A have suffered from B suffered C have suffeded D suffered from 【解析】选B.suffer作及物动词，意为“受苦（痛、损失）”，其后常跟抽象名词，如pain，loss，grief等。suffer from 后常跟某种疾病，意为“受.折磨，受.之苦”。【重点短语】1. add up 加起来，合计典例 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？短语归纳add to . 把什么加入中add to 增加，加强（多用于抽象意义）add up to 加起来是【即境活用】用add的适当形式或构成的词组填空1). Will you _ some more students to this project? 2). Small numbers _ a large one. 3). 50 _ 50 equals 100. 答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added2. go through 经历；经受（1）go after 追赶go against 违反，与不符go ahead 先走；开始做，着手干go by 逝去，过去go off 离开；爆炸go on 上场；继续；流逝go over 检查（2）pass through 走过；路过live through 经历look through 浏览；往.里面看pull through （大病、手术后）康复I always start the day by going through my e-mail.我每天总是先看电子邮件 Hes amazingly cheerful considering all hes gone through.经历了种种磨难，他还是那么乐观，令人惊叹。 Things will get easier as time goes by.随着时间的推移情况会有所改善即境活用：Maybe there are some things among the girls papers ,like her school reports,old photos and so on ,Can you them and give me whatever you find ?A go through B go after C go into D go with【解析】选A 。go through 在本句中是“仔细检查”的意思。go after 追赶；go into 进入；go with 与.持同一看法，与某物相配3. set down 放下，记下；登记set about （doing sth.）着手（做某事）set aside 留出；不顾set back （把钟等）往后拨；推迟set free 释放；解放set off 动身，出发（去某地）；使爆炸set out动身，出发；着手；安排，组织set up 开办；建立；设立 set an example树立榜样set fire to =set.on fire 纵火Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.由于天气恶劣，建筑计划延误了几星期We need to set about finding a solution.我们的着手寻找一个解决办法温馨提示：set about和set out都可作“开始着手做某事”讲，但set about后加doing sth。而set out 后加to do sth即境活用：That evening he what he had thought about the research.A set about ;set down B set about ;to set down C set out ;setting down D set out ;to set down【解析】选D.set about doing sth。= set out to do sth. “开始着手做某事”；set down“记下，写下”4. in order to【基础过关】 in order to目的是，为了（引导目的状语）。so as to也是引导目的状语，in order to可位于句首或句中，so as to只位于句中，也可以分开，so-as to。它们的否定式均为在to前加not例如：She arrived early in order to/so as to get a good seat.她早早到场，好找个好位置。In order to get a complete picture further information is needed.为掌握全面情况，还需要详细资料Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.悄悄进去，别把宝宝吵醒He was so careless as to leave his car unlocked.提示：他如此粗心大意，竟然没有把车锁上。soas to意为“如此以至于”，引导的是结果状语。【拓展延伸】so that, in order that 引导的目的状语从句,此时从句中需加情态动词may,might,could,can等，可以和in order to, so as to 转化；He works hard so that/in order that he could keep up with his classmates.= He works hard in order to/so as to keep up with his classmates=In order to keep up with his classmates, he works hard【即境活用】He kept quiet about punishment _be laughed at by his colleagues.A. so not as to B. so as not to B. so as to not D. not so as to【答案】B 考查not在so as to中的位置。5. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展典例1). He is not easy-going. Its very hard to get along with him 他不是个随和的人，很难相处。2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作进展如何？短语归纳get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与相处得好/不好，进展顺利/不顺利get away离开，逃离get down下来；写下，取下get down to (doing)开始认真干get over克服，摆脱get through通过，做完 get together聚集【即境活用】中译英1). 你现在和同事相处得好不好? _2). 她已重新获得从前那份工作。_答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues?2). Shes got her old job back.6. join in 参加；加入join up 入伍，参军join up with (sb.)(与某人)联合，会合join hands（with sb.）(与某人)拉起手；合伙，联合辨析：join/join in /take part in/attend/participatejoin 表示“加入党派、组织、社团、俱乐部”等，如join the Party/Youth League/army/club/organization入党/参军/加入俱乐部/加入组织join in 表示“参加正在进行的活动”，如join in a game/discussion/conversation/walk 参加游戏/讨论/散步。亦可说：join sb. In (doing) sth.表示 “加入某人一起做某事 ”take part in 表示“参加会议、活动”，侧重说明主语参加并发挥一定作用，part 前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词，如take(an active) part in a party /schoolactivities/physical labour (积极)参加聚会/学校活动/体力活动attend 表示“出席或参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，上课，上学，听报告”，如attend a meeting/a sports meeting /a concert/a show/school/a lecture 参加会议/运动会/出席音乐会/出席展览会/上学/听演讲participate 为正式用语，和介词in连用，表示积极地参与She listens but she never join in.她只是听，但从来不参与。Our teacher often joins us in singing and dancing.老师经常与我们一起唱歌跳舞How many countries took part in the 29th Olympic Game in Beijing?有多少国家参加了第二十九届北京奥运会？Our children attend the same school.我们的孩子上同一所学校。即境活用：My sister the League last month and she has decided to the activity to help the aged next week.A joined ;join in B joined in ;join C joined ;join D joined in; join in 【解析】选A.join 表示参加党派、团体、组织等；join in表示参加某种活动 【重点句型】1. It/This/That is the + 序数词 + time that (1) It/This/That is the + 序数词 + time thatThis/That/It is the first/second/third time .这是某人第一次/第二次/第三次做某事。该结构中，that引导的从句为定语从句，通常用完成时态。time亦可为其它名词所替代例如：This is the first time (that) Ive felt really relaxed for months. 几个月来这是头一次我真的感到轻松了It was the third time that he has fallen in love that year. 这是他那一年第三次谈恋爱了Thats the 17th beer (that) youve drunk this evening. 那可是你今天晚上喝的第十七杯啤酒了【拓展延伸】 It/This/That is the best/worst/most interesting +名词 + that 这是某人最。此句型中，先行词被最高级词修饰，定语从句要用相应的完成时态。例如：Its one of the most instructive books that I have seen. 它是我看过的其中一本最有教育意义的书That was the best film that I have seen. 那是我看过的最好的一部电影。【点拨】上面两个句型中的定语从句，可用现在完成时态，也可用过去完成时态，请问如何确定？ 举例说明提示：当主句的谓语为is或will be时，that从句常用现在完成时态；当主句谓语用was时，则that从句用过去完成时态例如：This will be the third time I have been to the Great Wall.这将会是我第三次去长城That was the worst weather we had ever had in the past ten years.那是十年来我们遇到的最恶劣的天气【即境活用】1、It will be the first time that I _ to America.A. have gone B. have been C. go D. will go【答案】A 考查此句型的时态。当主句的谓语为is或will be时，that从句常用现在完成时态；当主句谓语用was时，则that从句用过去完成时态2. 强调句型基本结构 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分【基础过关】It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分如：原句： I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.昨天我在车站碰见了李明。强调主语：It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that/whom I met at the railway station yesterday强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.【拓展延伸】注意：(1)在这种强调句式中，一般用that引出句子的其他成分。如果被强调的部分是表示人的意义的名词时，可以用who代替that引出句子的其他成分；如果被强调的部分是表示事物意义的名词时，用that引出句子的其他部分。但是，无论被强调的部分是地点状语还是时间状语，都不可以用where或者when.如：It is that man who/that teaches our English.(2)原句的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去进行时、和过去完成时，用It was-,其他时态用It is-.如：It was my telephone number that Miss White happened to know.怀特小姐碰巧知道到的就是我的电话号码（3）对“not-until-“这一结构进行强调时，一般使用”It is/was not until-that-“这一句型进行强调。如：I didnt go home until the rain stopped.直到雨停了我才回家强调句为：It was not until the rain stopped that I went home.(4)被强调的部分是人称代词，如其在原句中作主语，则应该用该人称代词的主格形式；如果作宾语，则用其宾格形式It was she(her) who told the police.就是她报告警察的It was you who we were talking about.(5)强调句的一般疑问句句型： Is/Was+it+that/who/whom-?Was it ten years ago that his father died?(6)强调句的特殊疑问句型：疑问句+is/was+it+that/who/whom-?When is it that you will setoff?你到底什么时候出发？【点拨】a.强调句型的结构不难掌握，要想准确使用它，须明确一点：去掉It is/was-that-结构不会对句子的完整性造成影响，这是区分它与其他句子的一个重要标志It was I who advised him not to do it.去掉后：I advised him not to do it.(完整句)b. 强调句型容易与主语从句、状语从句、同位语从句和定语从句混淆It is quite clear that we need more practice.很显然，我们需要多实践此句看上去像是强调句型的句子，而实际上，它是主语从句。It在句中充当形式主语，真正的主语为that所引导的从句。判断的理由为去掉It be-that结构后，原句不完整。再如：It was at about 12 oclock that the fire was put out.大火在大约12点扑灭了大火。（强调句型）It ws about 12 oclock when the fire was put out. 扑灭大火的时候大约在12点（定语从句）3. with so many clothes on 【基础过关】with引导的独立主格结构也称为with的复合结构，基本构成为：with+宾语+宾语补足语。宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。With复合结构在句中常作状语表示原因，方式、伴随、条件等，也可以再句中作定语。He is used to sleeping with the window open.（with+n.+adj）The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.(with+n.+介词)The girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her.（with+n.+现在分词）-名词可以发出该动作。With all the things finished, she went out to play.（with+n.+过去分词）-名词为动作的承受者。With so many books to read, I have no time to chat with you（with+n.+不定式）.【拓展延伸】with的复合结构中的with去掉即为独立主格结构【即境活用】With a lot of problems _,the new government is now having a hard time.A. solving B. to solve C. solve D. having solved【答案】B 考查with复合结构。Problem 和solve为动宾结构，且未发生。【语法核心记忆】直接引语变间接引语:定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1.陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句例如： He said, “Im very glad.” He said that he was very glad. 2.一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例如： He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?” He asked whether (if) John could come that afternoon. 3. 特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when等疑问词引导的宾语从句例如： He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” He asked where Mr. Wang was.二、 人称的变化【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则，例如：“I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said. Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.“Ill come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her.He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.三、.时态变化 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态时态的变化例 句一般现在时一般过去时She said, “I need a calculator.” She said that she needed a calculator.现在进行时过去进行时Jim said, “Im expecting a long distance call.” Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.一般将来时过去将来时Nancy said, “Ill call again later.” Nancy said that she would call again later.一般过去时过去完成时He said, “I took it home with me.” He said that he had taken it home with him.现在完成时过去完成时Paul said, “Our team has won the match.” Paul said that their team had won the match.过去完成时过去完成时He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he had finished his homework before supper. 四、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化变化形式例句指示代词thisthatShe said, “She is coming this week.” She said that she was coming that week.thesethoseHe said, “These books are mine.” He said those books were his.时间状语nowthenHe said, “Its ten oclock now.” He said that it was ten oclock then.todaythat dayHe said, “I havent seen her today.” He said that he hadnt seen her that day.tonightthat nightShe said, “Ill come again tonight.” She said that she would go again that night.yesterdaythe day beforeHe said, “This happened yesterday.” He said that had happened the day before.时间状语nowthenHe said, “Its ten oclock now.” He said that it was ten oclock then.todaythat dayHe said, “I havent seen her today.” He said that he hadnt seen her that day.tonightthat nightShe said, “Ill come again tonight.” She said that she would go again that night.yesterdaythe day beforeHe said, “This happened yesterday.” He said that had happened the day before.three days agothree days beforeShe said, “I arrived two days ago.”She said that she had arrived two days before.tomorrowthe next daythe following dayShe said, “Hell be back tomorrow.” She said that he would be back the next day.next weekthe next weekShe said, “Ill do it next week.” She said that she would do it the next week.地点状语herethereShe said, “He came here to see Tom.” She said that he had gone there to see Tom.动词come/bringgo/takeHe said, “I brought it home with me.” He said he had taken it home with him. 【拓展延伸】 直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如： He says, “Im tired.” He says that he is tired. He will say, “The boy was lazy.” He will tell you that the boy was lazy. 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变She said, “I was born in 1995.”She said that she was born in 1995.【典型例题】（1）Living things are dying out quickly. Lets ask _ destroying them in the past years. A. what part people have been playing B. people have played in C. what part people have played in D. people have been playing what part 【解析】C。注意宾语从句的引导词和语序（2）Can you tell me_? A. what the matter is B. what matter it is C. whats the matter D. the matter is what 【解析】C 对主语提问，陈述句要和疑问句语序一致。（3）The physics teacher said the earth _around the sun. A. is moving B. moved C. had moved D. moves 【解析】D 地球围绕太阳转是客观事实，故用一般现在时【语法专练】1.Mother asked the youngest kid_with his car.A. what the matter B. What was the matterC. what the matter is D. what is the matter2. The tourist asked the guide what he_visit the next day.A. was going to B. will C. is going in D. is to3. The teacher told us that light_faster than sound.A. traveled B. had traveled C. is traveling D.travels4. Tom hanks told his teacher that he_born in 1968.A. was B. had been C. is D. has been5. Linda asked Amy_she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.A. that B. whether C. what D. how6.My brother said to me, “Im going to have a holiday next week.” My brother _ _ _ _going to have a holiday the next week.7.Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?”Mother asked me_ _ _ _ in the room.8.He asked, “ Can I borrow your bike?” He asked _ _ _ borrow my bike9.Tom said to me, “ Do you like football?” Tom asked me _ _ _football10.She said to me, “ I went over my lessons last night.” She told me _ _ _over her lessons the night before.参考答案：1-5 BADAB6.told me he was7.what I was doing8.if he could9.if I liked 10.she had gone【高考零距离】1、（2012浙江卷17）Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom17.【答案】B【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。2、（2012安徽卷31）. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live【答案】D 【解析】在表示将来的情况下，主句中第一人称可用should，其他人称用would；从句中任何人称都用should,不可用would.3.（2011四川卷T7）.To get a better grade, you should _the notes again before the test.A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over【解析】选A 考查动词短语。句意为:为了考个好分数，考试前你应该把笔记再复习一遍。go over 复习，温习；get over 克