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111高中英语教学资料（外研版必修1）：课堂导学（Module 4A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood）文本感知.A Lively City1.It seems that _.A.Xiao Li and John Martin have been classmatesB.Xiao Li and John Martin once lived in the same cityC.Xiao Li and John Martin have known each other for six yearsD.John Martin and Xiao Li are pen friends答案:C2.The following are what John Martin thinks of Xiamen EXCEPT_.A.fortunateB.livelyC.friendlyD.attractive答案:A3.The dialogue takes place most probably_.A.at the airportB.on Gulandyu IslandC.in the business districtD.on the returning way from the airport答案:D4.What doesnt Xiao Li like about Xiamen?A.Hot and wet weather.B.Too many tourists.C.High-rise buildings.D.Great shopping malls.答案:B5.If you want the dialogue develops,whats the talking topic for the following dialogue?A.the food of XiamenB.the beautiful scenery of XiamenC.the weather of XiamenD.the touring industry of Xiamen答案:A.CULTURAL CORNER1.Whats the best title of this passage?A.Countryside Is ChangingB.Looking for JobsC.Village ProblemsD.The Life of Countryside and Town答案:C2.Which of the following statements is not the reason why some villages are disappearing?A.People go to the cities to find work and never return.B.Young people leave their villages for more suitable life.C.The price goes up and people cant afford to buy houses.D.Many farmers sell their land to find another job.答案:C3.Why do some of the urban people choose to live in the villages?A.Because they want to live there at the weekends.B.Because they cant afford to buy houses in the city.C.Because they were born in the countryside.D.Because they want the villages to remain.答案:B4.Whats the attitude of the writer towards the problems of villages.A.Optimistic(乐观).B.Concerned.C.Objective(客观).D.Hopeless.答案:B5.This passage is written _.A.in persuading wordsB.by giving examplesC.by analyzing and concludingD.from the writers personal feelings答案:C难句透视1.Its been six years since we last saw each other,you know.你知道,我们已经六年没见了。剖析：这是一个It has/is+时间阶段+since.句式。意为“自从以来已有某段时间了”。since引导的是时间状语从句,要注意,在这个时间状语从句中,谓语动词一般是瞬间动词的过去式。2.And this is the first time Ive visited your hometown.这是我第一次参观你们的家乡。剖析：Ive visited your hometown是定语从句。先行词是time,被序数词the first修饰,定语从句的引导词要用that;而且从句中的时态要用完成时。that由于作visited的宾语,所以已省略。3.Ive seen quite a lot of China and Ive visited some beautiful cities,but this is one of the most attractive places Ive been to.我已经看了中国的很多地方,我也参观了几个美丽的城市,但这是我到过的最吸引人的地方之一。剖析：Ive been to是定语从句,要注意这个定语从句的先行词是places而不是one。如果先行词是one,前面常有the only(惟一的)，the very（正是）修饰。4.I feel very fortunate living here.生活在这里我感到很幸运。剖析：fortunate是形容词,意为“幸运的”,作系动词feel的表语；living here是现在分词短语,作状语。5.Whats the climate like?那里的气候怎么样?剖析：这是一个What is/are.like?句式,用来询问对方对某人或某物的评价,要注意区分与How do you like/find.?的区别。前者询问的是某人或某物比较稳定的性质和特点；后者询问的是易变化的东西。6.Pretty hot and wet in the summer,but it can be quite cold in the winter.夏天很热很潮湿,但是冬天很冷。剖析：pretty在此句中作副词用,意为“非常”,相当于very。7.Sounds OK to me.那对我没什么。剖析：这是一个省略句,完整的形式是:That sounds OK to me.OK作系动词sounds(听起来)的表语。8.Dont they bother you?他们不会给你添麻烦吧？剖析：Dont they.?是一个否定形式的疑问句,常常是试探性地问对方,有时译为“难道不是吗？”。如:Havent you heard of the news?难道你没有听到这个消息吗？bother此处表示“给某人添麻烦”。9.Yes,they can be a nuisance in the summer because there are so many of them.是的,在夏天他们是够令人讨厌的,因为太多了。剖析：can在此句中表示理论上的可能性,不涉及具体的时间或场合；many修饰复数名词时的语序是many+复数名词，如many tourists。但如果many与人称代词连用或复数名词前有限制词,后面要接介词of，如many of the tourists;many of you;many of those apples。10.You dont really see tourists where I live.在我住的地方你看不到游客。剖析：where I live是地点状语从句,意为“在我居住的地方”。11.Is that Gulangyu Island,just across the water？那是鼓浪屿吗?在水的那边?剖析：across 表示“在的对面”。再如:He lives across the street.他住在街道对面。12.So they tell me.他们也是这么跟我说的。剖析：这是一个“So+主语+谓语”的句式,相当于They did tell me of that.13.I love cities,but there are times when I need to get out into the countryside and get away from the noise,the dirt and the people.我喜欢城市,但是有时我需要到乡下,远离噪音、尘埃和人群。剖析：“when I need to get out into the countryside and get away from the noise,the dirt and the people”是表示时间概念的定语从句,修饰times。get away from意为“摆脱”。14.Secondly,people move to the cities to find work,as there are often very few jobs in the countryside.其次,人们到城市寻找工作,因为在乡村工作很少。剖析： secondly 用于进行列举,意为“第二”；“第一”用firstly表达；as there are often very few jobs in the countryside是原因状语从句,意为“由于”；very few意为“几乎没有”后加可数名词复数,very还可修饰little意为“没有多少”后加不可数名词。例如:very little time。要点解读一、词汇详解1.sound vi.听起来【典型例句】Her explanation sounds all right (to me).她的解释 (在我听来) 似乎没有问题。 That sounds as if youre not going to take the job.听起来你不准备接受这份工作。Your voice sounds like that of a lion.你的声音听起来像是狮子在吼。【知识小结】sound作系动词用时,后接形容词、like介词词组作表语或as if表语从句,也常用“Sounds OK/good”等表示同意对方的建议；没有被动形式。【相关链接】(1)sound的其他意义及用法n.音,响声We heard sounds of laughter from the next room.我们听到隔壁房间传来的阵阵笑声。vi.发声,响起;发音At this moment his footsteps sounded on the stairs.这时候传来了他走在楼梯上的脚步声。vt.被弄响,被吹奏;使发声,使响起He sounded his horn to warn the other driver.他按喇叭提醒对方司机。其他感官动词也可用作系动词,用法与sound相同。例如:feel觉得；摸起来有感觉look 看起来smell 闻起来taste 尝起来单项填空(1)What a noise!I can hardly stand it.It _as if they are having a party next door.A.looksB.soundsC.feelsD.happens提示:句意:“太吵了,我受不了。”“听起来好像是邻居在举行宴会。”It sounds as if 听起来好像是,与上一句中的noise在语意上相符。答案:B(2)This kind of cloth _soft and _well.A.is felt;is sold B.feels;sellsC.feels;is soldD.is felt;sells提示:句意:这种布料摸起来柔软,卖得很好。feels作连系动词，,意为“摸起来”;sell作不及物动词，意为“卖起来”,后接副词表示状况。这两个词都不能用于被动语态。答案:B2.bother vt.打扰；烦扰；麻烦【典型例句】“Dont bother your dad.Hes got a lot to do tonight,” said Mother.妈妈说:“别打扰你爸爸,他今晚有好些事情要做。” Sorry to bother you,but can you explain the language point to me again?对不起,打扰了,不过你可以再给我解释一下这个语言点吗？He comes bothering me day after day.他天天来烦扰我。 Please dont bother to get up.您就别费事了,不用起来了。 【相关链接】bother构成的短语bother (oneself) about为而操心；为而费事bother with trifles为小事而烦恼bother to do 费心做某事英汉互译(1)我现在很忙,别烦我。_(2)不用麻烦去照料它了。随它去吧。_(3)You neednt bother to rewrite it.Just make corrections in the original text._答案:(1)Im very busy now.Dont bother me.(2)Dont bother to look after it.Leave it alone.(3)你不用麻烦重写了,在原文上修改就行了。3.nuisance n.令人讨厌的人或事【典型例句】Dont be such a nuisance!别这么讨厌！ It was a great nuisance.它讨厌极了。 This boy is a nuisance in class.这个男孩是班上的捣蛋鬼。 He was nothing but a nuisance and a rascal.他是一个十足的讨厌鬼和恶棍。【知识小结】nuisance是可数名词,前面要用不定冠词,表示“一个讨厌的”。汉泽英(1)真讨厌,我忘记带票了。_(2)不得不排队真讨厌。_答案:(1)What a nuisance!Ive forgotten my ticket.(2)Having to stand in line was a nuisance.4.put up 修建【典型例句】They are putting up several new buildings in that block.他们正在那一街区建几幢楼房。A new railroad has been put up between Qinghai and Tibet.青藏铁路已修建好了。【相关链接】(1)put up的其他常见意义及用法:举起;搭起;支起;建起Put your hands up.举起你的手。 Several tents have been put up to accommodate the party.搭起了几个帐篷来给这一行人住。为提供住宿Since its late,well put you up for the night.因为太晚,我们请你今晚就住在这里。 提出建议Id like to put up an idea for your consideration.我想提个意见供你考虑。(2)put短语put aside 节省(钱、时间);储蓄;把放到一边put away 收拾起来;储存(钱);喝掉put back 时钟向后拨;放回原处;拖延put down 写下;记下;控制put forward 提出(意见、建议);推荐;把时针向前拨put off 延期;推迟put on 假装;增加;上演(戏剧);穿上（衣服）put out 熄灭;使忧虑;扑灭;出版put through 接通电话put up with 忍受;忍耐;受苦介副词填空(1)The manager had to put his work _for a time for an urgent accident.(2)The boy put the food _in the cupboard after he finished his dinner.(3)We had to put the meeting _a week.(4)Its time that the government put _interest rates.(5)She has decided to put herself _as a candidate.(6)Dont put _until tomorrow what can be done today.(7)Shes by no means really mad;she puts it _in order to gain attention.(8)Would you mind putting your cigarette _,please?(9)Your call has been put _.(10)We can put _ten people for the night at a pinch.(11)That woman,as a housewife,has a lot to put _.答案:(1)aside(2)away(3)back(4)down(5)forward(6)off(7)on(8)out(9)through(10)up(11)up with5.approach vt.接近【典型例句】He carefully approached the house.他小心地走近那座房子。You must approach the bird very quietly or it will fly away.你必须悄悄地走近那只鸟,否则它会飞走的。 The summer is approaching.夏季即将来临。【相关链接】approach还可作名词用,意为“接近,靠近;通道,入口;方法”,常接介词to。Snow announced the approach of winter.雪宣告了冬季的来临。I like her approach to the problem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。单项填空(1)You are all new comers here.Try not to make _to strangers.A.waysB.connectionC.meansD.approaches 提示:make approaches to sb.接近某人。答案:D(2)Some experts on internation affairs suggested a practicable _to the Middle problems.A.wayB.approach C.meansD.method提示:只能approach后接介词to。答案:B6.occupation n. 职业【典型例句】Teaching is my occupation.教书是我的职业。 Whats your occupation?你的职业是什么？ I am a policeman.我是一名警察。 【相关链接】(1)occupation还可表示“消遣;占据;居住”。He was bored for lack of occupation.他因无所事事而感到厌烦。 No one is yet in occupation of the house.这所房子还没有人住进去。(2) occupy vt.占领;占（时间/空间）;占用,使某人忙碌Reading occupies most of my free time.阅读占去了我空闲时间的大部分。She is occupied in writing a novel.她忙于写小说。(3)occupation,profession,career和employment的区别occupation指一个人经常担任的工作,不论是否领取工资。profession作“职业”解释时,通常指那些必须受到特殊教育及训练才可胜任,带有专业性质的工作,多为创造性的脑力劳动。career职业、事业、专业。指某种经过特殊训练,而又为之献身的终生事业,带有崇高色彩。employment指受雇于他人,领取工资以谋生计,并且是比较固定的工作。选词填空occupation/profession/career/employment(1)She intends to make teaching her _.(2)By _she is a housewife.(3)My grandfather was a _teacher;its the only job hed ever done.(4)Swimming and rowing are my favourite _.(5)He is a doctor by _.答案:(1)profession(2)occupation(3)career(4)occupations(5)profession单项填空（6）He returned from Paris and found his office was under someone elses _.A.occupationB.possessionC.propertyD.protection提示:句意:他从巴黎回来,发现他的办公室已经被别人占了。occupation 占有;possession 拥有,指所有权;property财产;protection保护。答案:A7.so far 到目前为止【典型例句】He said he would telephone but we havent heard from him so far.他说要打电话来,但我们到现在还没有关于他的音讯。So far,I have understood the lesson.到现在为止,功课我会了。 【知识小结】so far常在句中作时间状语,放在句首或句末,与现在完成时连用。单项填空This is a lonely road;we have not met another car _.A.as farB.so farC.so longD.by far提示:句意:这是一条很冷僻的路,到现在我们还未遇到任何其他车子。so long再见;by far 修饰比较级和最高级,表示程度，意为“得多”。答案:B8.exchange vt.交换【典型例句】Id like to exchange some pounds for dollars.我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。Well have an opportunity to exchange views tomorrow.明天我们将有机会交换看法。【相关链接】(1)exchange还可作名词用,意为“交换”。An exchange of opinions is helpful.相互交换意见是有益的。(2)exchange构成的短语：in exchange for以换Ill give you three sweets in exchange for an apple.我拿三块糖换你一个苹果。 make an exchange交换exchange sth.with sb.与某人交换（调换）某种东西exchange words争吵,吵架英汉互译(1)你愿同我调换坐位吗？ _(2)我给了他们一些水果作为对他们帮助我的回报。_(3)The deputy manager exchanged the companys interest for his personal honour._答案:(1)Will you exchange seats with me?(2)I gave them some fresh fruits in exchange for their help.(3)这个代理经理为了个人荣誉而出卖了公司的利益。9.a number of 许多;大量/the number of 的数量【典型例句】India has a very large number of English speakers.印度拥有众多讲英语的人。Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。Only a small number of students take biology as their majors.只有少数学生选生物为主修课。【知识小结】(1)“a number of”的意思是“若干”或“许多”和复数名词连用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。(2)“the number of”和“a number of”一样,跟在后头的名词也是复数的,不同的是这里的主语是单数的 the number,不是它后面的复数名词,谓语动词必须和 the number 呼应,用单数形式。(3)number常与形容词large,small,great,good连用。询问数量用Whats the number?例如:Whats the number of the students in your school?你学校的学生有多少?填空用括号内动词的正确形式填空(1)A good number of books _ (have)been missing from the library.(2)The number of smokers _ (be)rapidly increasing among teenagers.(3) There _ (be)a large number of habitants here who come from Scotland.答案:(1)have(2)is(3)are 单项填空(4)The conference hall must be crowded from _of the cars parked in front it is.A.the numberB.a numberC.the amountD.an amount提示:此处指“停车的数量”。答案:A10.go up 上升;上涨;被建造起来【典型例句】Prices have gone up again.价格又上涨了。The temperature is going up.温度在上升。There are new houses going up everywhere.到处矗立起新房子。【相关链接】go构成的短语：go for 竭力想取得,喜爱,适用于go in for 从事,致力,爱好;追求go into 研究,调查,进入go on 继续,发生;接近go through 经历,详细检查;完成go with 伴随,与协调go without没有也行go against 反对;对不利go after 追求/赶;设法得到go about 着手做,处理,忙于go round/around 足够分配;(消息)流传go over 检查,审查;复习,重温go out 外出;熄灭go off 爆炸,发射;动身,离开;去世go down 下降,降低;被载入,传下去;(船等)下沉go by 过去;走过;依照go ahead 开始;前进;领先;取得进展go at 攻击;着手/努力做go along 进行,进展;(with)赞同选词填空(1)Prices of fruit and vegetables have already gone _.(2)He has gone _such a lot since his wife died.(3)The children are going _their homework very seriously tonight.(4)If the wind goes _,we may be able to sail tomorrow.(5)Lets go _the text again.(6)Supermarkets are going _everywhere.(7)The fire went _in the wind.(8)Kens going _the tennis championship this year.(9)Jims gone _another job.(10)Poverty goes _laziness.(11)May I ask you a question？Yes,go _.答案:(1)up(2)through(3)about(4)down(5)over(6)up(7)out(8)for(9)after(10)with(11)ahead11.afford vt.买得起;有能力支付【典型例句】They walked because they couldnt afford (to take ) a taxi.他们因为坐不起出租车而步行。 We cant afford to pay such a price.这么高的价钱我们付不起。 She cant afford a new dress.她没有钱买新衣服。Id love to go on a holiday but I cant afford the time.我倒想去度假,可是抽不出时间来。【知识小结】afford前面常有情态动词can/cant/could/couldnt。后面常接不定式作宾语。单项填空Would you like to see a film with us this evening?I would like to,but I cant _the time because I have to finish my composition.A.affordB.passC.takeD.spend提示:句意:“你愿意今晚与我们一起去看电影吗？”“我很想,但抽不出时间来,因为我必须写完作文。”答案:A12.survive vi.&vt.死里逃生;大难不死;幸存【典型例句】After the heavy earthquake only a few lucky people survived.在这次严重的地震后,只有少数幸运者得以逃生。Few survived after the flood.洪水后极少有人生还。She survived two world wars.她从两次世界大战中活了过来。【相关链接】(1)survive 还可表示“维持、生存”。I cant survive on such a low salary.这么少的薪水,我难以生活。(2)survival意为“继续生存或存在;存活;幸存”时,是不可数名词;也可以作“过去时代留存下来的人、物、风俗、信仰等”,是可数名词。Sometimes there is survival of people in the air crash.有时空难事件中也有人大难不死。This is a ceremony which is a survival from pre-Christian times.这是一个从公元前沿袭下来的礼仪活动。survivor n.幸存者,生还者,遗族;残存物单项填空（1）Camels can _for many days with no water.A.remainB.surviveC.stayD.continue提示:句意:骆驼许多天不喝水还能生存。remain,stay,continue的意思都是“继续”。答案:B汉泽英(2)他很幸运,车祸之后还能活着。_(3)那风俗仍然流传着。_(4)这个人病得很厉害,可是他活下来了。_答案:(2)Fortunately he survived the traffic accident.(3)The custom still survives.(4)The man was very ill,but he survived.二、句型剖析1.It has been/is+时间段+since.自从以来已有某段时间了。【典型例句】It is five years since he joined the army.他参军已经五年了。It has been three years since they went to Shanghai.他们去上海已经三年了。It is six years since he taught here.他已经六年不在这里教学了。It has been ten years since they lived in that house.他们从那所房子搬走已经10年了。【知识小结】(1)注意,主句的时态是is或has been。(2)since后跟非延续性动词的一般过去时,例如:borrow,buy,die,come,go,leave等,表达“自从到现在已经(多久)”。(3)since后跟延续性动词的一般过去时,例如:live,study,stay,teach等,表示“本动作已经终止了(多久)”。【相关链接】it构成的习惯句型：(1)It was/will be+时间阶段+before.意思是“过了(多久),才”。注意:系动词用was或will be。It was five days before I knew what had happened.过了五天我才知道所发生的事情。(2)It is (was)+时间阶段+that是对时间状语进行强调的强调结构。It was five days later that he told me what had happened.五天后他告诉了我所发生的事情。连词填空(1)It is already five years _they got married.(2)It was not long _John recovered and returned to the army.(3)I dont know how long it is_ they began their research.(4)Was it last autumn _you had a chance to tour Xiamen?(5)It was in the 1950s_Tom had to sell newspaper to make a living.(6)It was 1950s _Tom had to sell newspaper to make a living.答案:(1)since(2)before(3)since(4)that(5)that(6)when单项填空（7）How long is it _we last spent the holiday in the country together?A.untilB.beforeC.sinceD.that提示:句意:自从上一次我们一起在乡下度假以来有多长时间了？根据题干中的系动词is和时间阶段How long可知要用It is +时间段+since.句式。答案:C2.序数词/最高级+先行词+that.have(had) done.【典型例句】This is the third time I have told you not to bring your cellphone into the class.这是我第三次告诉你不要把手机带到课堂上来。This is the first time Ive been here,so I dont know the way around.这是我第一次到这儿来,所以不了解周围的路。This is the best hotel that I have ever found.这是我所遇到过的最好的旅馆。【知识小结】定语从句的先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时,引导词要用that引导,定语从句的时态要用完成时。当前面的系动词为was时,其后的从句要用过去完成时。汉泽英(1)这是我第一次参观这个美丽的城市。_(2)你是我所见过的最好心的人。_答案:(1)This is the first time that I have visited the beautiful city.(2)You are the kindest person that I have ever met.3.So+主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词【典型例句】I heard there will be another thunderstorm tomorrow.我听说明天还会有一场暴风雨。So the weatherman said.气象预报员也是这样说的。Every one agreed to the plan at the meeting.在会上每个人都同意这项计划。So they did.他们的确同意了。【知识小结】该句式中的so是代词,意为“这样或那样”。这样的句式主要是为上述之事进行确认和肯定。句式规则往往是:so+主语+谓语部分或助动词、情态动词或系动词。【相关链接】句式:So+助动词、情态动词或系动词+主语是一个倒装结构,表示前面所述之事也适合于另一者。Tom has got used to the new school life,and so have I.汤姆已习惯了新的学校生活,我也习惯了。比较:Tom says that he has got used to the new school life,and so he has.汤姆说他已习惯了新的学校生活,他的确是那样。单项填空(1)David has made great progress recently._,and _.A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have you C.So has he;so have you D.So has he;so you have提示:把两种情况混合在一起考查,前一个分句表示对上面说法的肯定,第二个分句表示前面的情况也适用于后者,答案是B。答案:B(2)Skatings just a matter of practice.Yes,well,_.A.so diving isB.so has divingC.so is divingD.so diving has提示:句意:“滑冰仅仅是一个实践问题。”“是啊,喔,跳水也一样。”答案:C4.多个形容词的顺序【典型例句】Nancy is reading an old,exciting,romantic love story.南希正在读一个古老的,令人激动的浪漫爱情故事。Mary has just bought herself a pretty green cotton dress.玛丽刚刚给自己买了一件漂亮的绿色棉衣裙。My house is furnished with three comfortable dark brown chairs.我的房子中放了三把舒适的棕黑色椅子。If the doctors had not been there yesterday,all the poor little babies would have died.昨天如果医生不在那儿的话,所有这些可怜的小孩子都会死去。【知识小结】有多个前置定语时,顺序一般为:指示代词/物主代词/定冠词+序数词+基数词+描绘性形容词+大小+形状+新旧、年龄+颜色+出处+材料+用途/类别/性质+作定语的名词或动名词+名词。单项填空Can you tell me the name of _ship?A.the well-designed small red Chinese merchantB.the small well-designed red Chinese merchantC.the well-designed small merchant Chinese redD.the small red Chinese merchant well-designed提示:有多个形容词修饰名词时,一般要把描绘的形容词放在最前面,well-designed 就是一个描绘形容词,由此,可排除B、D两项;颜色与大小的顺序是:大小在前,颜色在后,接着是国籍,再是用途。故答案为A。答案:A三、语法详解现在完成时1.基本概念和基本形式现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果。在时间上它连接过去和现在,更强调对现在的影响。基本形式：have/has（not）+过去分词2.基本用法（1）表示
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