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111知识详解 lose vt.丢失；错过；迷路；输掉；使沉溺于；专心致志于(回归课本P22)【归纳总结】He lost his wallet yesterday when he was in a crowded bus.昨天他在拥挤的公交车上丢失了钱包。You can get lost easily in these alleys!在这些小巷里你很容易迷路！He was lost in his books and did not notice my coming.他专注于他的书本，没注意到我进来。【例句探源】 Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.陷于沉思，他差点撞上前面的车。The company suffered a heavy loss as a result of the accident.由于那次事故，该公司蒙受了重大损失。He was at a loss on hearing the sudden news.听到那突然的消息后，他慌得不知所措。lost，missing，gone三者都有“失去”之意，但又略有不同：(1)lost失去的，指无法再找到的，另外还有“迷路的，困惑的”等含义，可作定语、表语。(2)missing丢失的，指暂时不在或找不到的，另外还有“被损毁的，缺少的，失踪的”，可作定语、表语。(3)gone失去的，强调时间、情况等一去不复返，只可作表语。【易混辨析】The days are gone when you could leave your door unlocked at night.Your cheque must have got lost in the post.Two files have gone missing.1Sometimes things_will never come back.So we should make full use of every opportunity.AlostBlosingCto lose Dhave lost解析：选A。lost相当于missing，作后置定语。句意：有时一些东西失去了就不会再来，因此我们应该充分利用每次机会。2.完成句子He soon_the excitement of the film.影片中的精彩情节很快把他吸引住了。答案：lost himself in【即境活用】 influence vt.影响 n影响；势力；有影响的人/事物；有权势的人(回归课本P26)If a band is influenced by another band，do they like them or not?如果一个乐队受到了另一个乐队的影响，他们喜欢对方与否呢？【归纳总结】(1)have(an)influence on/upon对有影响under the influence of在的影响之下 (2)influential adj.有影响的be influential in.对有影响He greatly influenced the development of Chinas culture and education.他对中国文化和教育的发展产生了深远的影响。Under their influence, he becomes greatly interested in stories of travel and adventure.在他们的影响下，他对游记和历险故事很感兴趣。Who or what are your musical influences?哪些人或事对你在音乐方面产生了影响？He is influential in reaching the decision.He has a great influence on the decision.他对做出这一决定有很大的影响。【例句探源】【即境活用】3.Once one is _alcohol，he mustnt drive because it is quite dangerous.Aunder the influence ofBhaving an influence onChaving an effect onDunder the effect on解析：选A。under the influence of alcohol“酒喝得太多，有点醉”。4I had tried my best to stop that wrong doing，but my advice had no_on his actions.AimpressionBadvantageCprogress Dinfluence解析：选D。后半句句意“但是我的建议对他的行动没有影响”。 record vt.& vi.录音；纪录 n记录；唱片；档案；履历；经历(回归课本P27)Before he recorded his latest album，he had made some songs with Paul McCartney.他在录制最新专辑之前，他和保罗麦卡特尼写了一些歌曲。【归纳总结】【例句探源】 The broadcast was recorded，not live.这次广播是事先录音的，不是现场直播。It is recorded that this summer was the wettest for 10 years.据记录这是十年来雨量最多的夏季。Make sure you record the numbers of tickets you sell.一定要把你售出的票的号码记录下来。The young man set a new record at the sports meeting.那小伙子在运动会上创了新记录。【即境活用】5完成句子(1)Shandong Province suffered from one of the worst droughts_in .山东省遭受了有记载以来最严重的旱灾之一。答案：on record(2)_the numbers of your travellers cheques.请将你的旅行支票的号码记下来。答案：Please keep a record of go deaf变聋(回归课本P27)As he grew older ，he began to go deaf.随着年龄增长，他开始变聋了。go是系动词，后跟形容词作表语，一般表示由好变坏，由正常状况变成特殊情况。go blind/mad/bad变瞎/疯了/变坏，变质go wrong/wild出毛病/变疯狂go pale/red变得苍白/发红go hungry挨饿【归纳总结】【例句探源】Her face went pale at the bad news.听到那个坏消息，她的脸色变得苍白。He went red with anger when he heard this.他听了这话气得脸都红了。With days passing on，my fathers hair is going grey.随着时间的流逝，爸爸的头发变白了。Dont let your house go too cheap.不要把你的房子卖的太便宜。Many people are still going hungry all over the world.世界上还有很多的人在挨饿。6The crowd was_wild with excitement.Aturning BturnedCgoing Dgrowing解析：选C。go wild“变疯狂”。句意：人群激动得发狂。7.The food has_bad.It is not fit to eat.Acome BgoneCleft Drun解析：选B。句意：食物变质了，不能吃了。食物由好变坏，要用系动词go。A、C、D三项都不是系动词，不能跟形容词作表语。【即境活用】 make a note of记录(回归课本P27) Making notes and reading from your notes is an important aspect of learning.做笔记并且阅读笔记是学习重要的一个方面。【归纳总结】make/take notes记笔记take a note/notes of记录；记下take note of 注意到compare notes对笔记；变换意见Ill make a note of the books you want to borrow.我将记下你想借的书。Take note of all she says and do exactly what she tells you.注意她说的话，完全按照她告诉你的去做。After the performance they had a cup of coffee and compared notes.演出后，他们喝了杯咖啡并交换了意见。People were beginning to take note of her talents.人们开始注意到她的才能。【例句探源】【即境活用】8Please_ a note of what I said and if you have different opinions，_notes afterwards.Atake；make Bcompare；takeCmake；compare Dmake；take解析：选C。“记下我说的话，如果有不同观点，随后交换意见。”make/take a note of“记下”；compare notes“交流意见”。句型梳理 【教材原句】By the time he was 14 ，Mozart had composed many pieces.(P23)到十四岁时，莫扎特已创作了许多支曲子【句法分析】by the time在此引导时间状语从句，意为“到的时候”。遇到by the time 引导时间状语从句时，一定要注意主从句的时态。by the time一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。by the time一般现在时，主句常用一般将来时或将来完成时。by the end of 过去时间，谓语部分常用过去完成时。by the end of将来时间，谓语部分常用将来完成时。By the time you get this letter，Ill be in Canada.当你收到这封信的时候，我已经在加拿大了。By the end of next month，the building will have been completed.到下个月末，这栋楼将已竣工。By the end of last week ，we had received over 1,000 text messages.到上周末我们已收到1000多条短信。【即境活用】9用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)By the end of next Friday, we _(know)the result.(2)By the time we arrived at the cinema，the film _(be)on for five minutes.答案：(1)will have known/will know(2)had been 【教材原句】However，it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.(P23)然而，正是海顿鼓励贝多芬移居维也纳的。【句法分析】it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna是一个强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was被强调部分that/who其余部分”。被强调的部分通常是句子主语、宾语和状语。(1)在强调句型中，连接词一般用that。如被强调的部分指人时，可用who(m)/that，其他一律用that，不能用which，where，when等。It was my father that/who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.(强调主语)是我父亲昨晚在实验室里做实验的。It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.(强调宾语)我父亲昨晚在实验室里是在做实验。It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.(强调状语)我父亲昨晚是在实验室里做的实验。(2)在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，是单数还是复数，be动词一律用is/was形式，如果原句的谓语动词是一般过去时，就用was；如果是一般现在时，就用is。也可以用“情态动词be”形式。It might be yesterday that John bought a book for Mary.可能在昨天约翰给玛丽买了一本书。(3)当强调的是主语时，其谓语动词和被强调的人和物保持人称、数的一致。如果被强调的主语是人称代词，宜用主格。It is I who am going to attend the meeting.我将去参加会议。(4)强调句型也有疑问句形式。一般疑问句的强调形式，只需将is/was提前，移至句首即可，即：“Is/Was it.that.？”特殊疑问句的强调形式，须将陈述句变成一般疑问句，再在句首加上疑问词，即“疑问词(被强调部分)is/wasitthat句子其余部分”。Was it ten years ago that his father died?他的父亲是10年前去世的吗？When is it that you will set off?你到底什么时候出发？(5)not.until.结构在强调句型中的运用：until引导的时间状语从句可以用在强调句型中，其结构为“It is/was not until.that.”。It was not until last Friday that he finished reading the book.直到上周五他才看完这本书。(6)判断句子是否为强调句的方法：把it is(was)和that(who)去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，在不添加任何成分的情况下，如句子仍能成立，则为强调句。It was seven oclock when we reached the mountain village，(时间状语从句)，因为该句去掉it was和when后，句子不成立。10(高考浙江卷)Ive read another book this week.Well，maybe_ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.Athis Bthat Cthere Dit解析：选D。句意：这星期我又看了一本书。好呀，也许你读了多少并不重要，重要的是你读了什么。考查强调句：It is/was被强调部分that/who句子剩余部分，故选D。【即境活用】11.It was along the Mississippi River_Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.Ahow Bwhich Cthat Dwhere解析：选C。句意：正是在密西西比河沿岸马克吐温度过了他孩提时代的大部分时光。本题为强调句式。被强调部分为：along the Mississippi River。作文指导复合句什么是复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，主句表达的是重要信息，从句起到补充修饰的作用。一个组织严密的复合句通常在包含大量信息的同时，还要正确地反映信息间的逻辑关系。【佳句选粹】There is a rumor that he has married a widow.【分析】本句属于复合句，由“主句同位语从句”构成。“he has married a widow”作为“rumor” 的同位语，由that引导构成了同位语从句。Lets meet tomorrow if it is convenient for you.【分析】本句属于复合句，由“主句条件状语从句”构成。“Lets meet tomorrow”是主句，“if it is convenient for you”是由if引导的条件状语从句。 主要从句类型英语中的从句有很多类型，因此除了准确判断句子之间的主从关系以外，还要熟悉和掌握各种不同类型的从句。【佳句选粹】How_it_all_happened is a mystery to me.这一切是怎样发生的对我来说是个谜。(主语)I wonder if_you_could_stay_for_another_day.不知你可否再待一天。(宾语)The question is whether_they_have_signed_a_contract.问题是他们签没签合同。(表语)The idea that_money_means_everything is unsound.金钱万能的思想是错误的。(同位语)1名词性从句：它在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。2定语从句：多由关系代词或关系副词引导。【佳句选粹】Jim introduced me to a girl who_sat_next_to_him.吉姆把我介绍给他旁边的一位姑娘。Then I telephoned the doctor (whom)she_had_recommended.然后我给她推荐的医生打了电话。There are the reasons why_we_did_it.这些就是我们这样做的原因。3状语从句：用作状语的从句很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、比较、让步等。【佳句选粹】We all stood up when_he_came_in.他进来时我们都站了起来。(时间)I didnt go because_I_wasnt_feeling_well.我没有去是因为我身体不舒服。(原因)It was so dark that_we_couldnt_see_each_others_faces.天那样黑，我们看不清彼此的脸。(结果)Though_they_were_poor，they were still happy.他们虽然很穷，但仍然很幸福。(让步)Just_as_the_water_is_the_most_important_of_liquids，air is the most important of gases.正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样，空气是气体中最重要的一种。(方式)Youll do all right，as_long_as_you_follow_his_advice.只要你听从他的劝告，你就会干得很好。(条件)The director gave me a better offer than_he_gave_Dick.导师给我的提议比给狄克的好。(比较)111
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