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111湖南省岳阳县四中高二英语示范教案：M5U3 Period 4 Grammar and usage (1)（牛津译林版）Teaching Important PointsVerb -ed forms used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as attribute, predictive and object complement.Teaching Difficult PointsIdentify the different functions of the verb-ed form in different sentences.Teaching MethodsPresentational and practical approach.Teaching AidsThe multimedia.Three Dimensional Teaching AimsKnowledge and SkillsBy listening and practising, the Ss will learn how to change and correct a text, how to confirm information.Process and StrategiesThis section is divided into several steps and each step begins with a skills building activity.Feelings and Values Interesting places and peoples love to nature.Teaching ProcedureStep 1 Lead-in T:We have learn the usage of the v+-ing in the past units.Can you tell the function of the verb-ing in the following sentences?1.The teachers encouraging words made all the students regain confidence.2.The story he told us was very exciting.3.I watched the athletes jumping from the diving board into the swimming pool.Ask students to answer the questions then check the answers.Answers:1.“Encouraging” is used as the attribute.2.“Exicting” is used as predicative.3.“Jumping” is used as object complement.Step 2 The usage of the v.+-ed T:Now lets look at the following sentences and tell the usage of the verb-ed.Can you tell the function of the v.-ed in the following sentences?1.I dont like canned food;I prefer something fresh.2.China has no time to lose to catch up with the developed countries in the world.3.The man delivering mails to my office every day is a retired worker.Ask students to discuss and answer the questions.Answer:The words “canned/developed/retired” are all used as the attribute.The verb -ed forms in these sentences are all used as the attribute.And a verb -ed can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause does.Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb -ed form each other?1.We should drink water which has been boiled.2.They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.3.The kidnappers were using a car which was stolen.4.The dark-haired man went into the room.5.The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.6.The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.Ask the students to discuss and change the given sentences.Suggested answers:1.We should drink boiled water.2.They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.3.The kidnappers were using a stolen car.4.The man who was dark-haired went into the room.5.The name mentioned in the letter was known to me.6.The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.Ask students to compare the two structures of the attribute as follows.Step 3 Further presentation of verb -edT:Lets look at the other three sentences, and tell the functions of the v.+ed.1.(1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young.2.(2)The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.Ask students to discuss and tell the functions of the v.-ed.The verb -ed forms interested and excited in the two sentences are used as predicatives.They follow link verbs.T:Next, lets look at the following sentences then tell the functions of the v.+ed.1.The cake was left untouched on the table.2.The girl lay trapped under the wreckage.In these sentences, the verb -ed forms are used as adverbs.3.He tried to make himself understood by his students in class.4.I had my hair cut yesterday.5. With his work finished, he went out with his friends.In the three sentences the verb -ed forms are used as the object complements as follows:make himself understoodhad my hair cutWith his work finishedA verb -ed form can also serve as attribute, predicative and object complement.When the verb -ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attribute clause.Step 4 PracticeAsk students to finish Exercise A and tell the functions of the v.+eds.Then correct the answers.Suggested answers:1.disppointed(the predicative ) 2.puzzled(object complement ) 3.excited(the predicative) 4.thrilled(the predicative)5.interested(the predicative) 6.bored(the predicative)Step 5 The meanings of the structure of the v.+-edThe verb-ed form can express different meanings, that is, the passive and the past meaning.For example:1.English is a widely used language.=English is a language which is used widely.2.He always wears thick glasses and holds a book in his hand, which makes his neighbours think he is a well-educated man.=He always wears thick glasses and holds a book in his hand, which makes his neighbours think he is a man who is well-educated.The sentences above express the meaning of the passive.Thats to say, the actions are passive.T:Now lets look at the next two sentences:1.The ground is covered with fallen leaves when autumn wind blows.=The ground is covered with leaves which have fallen when autumn wind blows.2.Some countries like the USA and Japan are developed countries.= Some countries like the USA and Japan are countries which have developed.In the two sentences, the actions express the past, thats to say, the actions have been finished.A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.1.The girl lay in bed lost in thought.= The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.2.The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.= The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.3.She lay trapped under the building for three days.=She lay there and was trapped under the building for three days.Step 6 Verb+ed used as the adverbT:A verb -ed phrase is actually a verb -ed followed by an object and/or adverbial.Verb -ed phrases especially the passive ones can be used to express the time, the reason and the condition. Can you rewrite the following sentences , using clauses introduced by when,once,because, if, unless.?1.Frightened by the scene, the girl did not dare go out alone.2.Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.3.Unless invited, I will not go to the party.4.Given another five days, I could finish it in time.5.Lost in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.6.When told the news, he couldnt help crying. Ask students to discuss and rewrite the sentences then check the answers.1.Because she was frightened by the scene, the girl did not dare go out alone.2.Once seen, it can never be forgotten.3.Unless I am invited, I will not go to the party.4.If I was given another five days, I could finish it in time.5.Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.6.When he was told the news, he couldnt help crying.Step 7 Consolidation and homework Today we have learned the functions of the verb+ -ed in the sentences.It can be used as attribute, predicative and object complement and adverb.When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attribute clause.Ask students to finish Exercises C1 and C2.The Design of the Writing on the BlackboardUnit 3Science versus natureThe fourth period the boiled waterwater which has been boiledthe injured woman the woman who was injureda stolen car a car which was stolenthe dark-haired man the man who was dark-hairedthe name mentioned in the letter the name which was mentioned in the letterRecords after Teaching_Activities and ResearchSs try to find an article in a newspaper about cloning or GM food, in which they try to find the usages of verb -ed forms and speak out the functions of the verb-ed form.Also the students may cooperate with their classmates about their study.Reference for TeachingBackground information过去分词用法:过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词的句法功能:1.过去分词作定语:Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。2.过去分词作表语:The window is broken.窗户破了。They were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:The window is broken.（系表）The window was broken by the boy.（被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如:boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。3.过去分词作宾语补足语:I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语:With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。4.过去分词作状语:Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Given more time, Ill be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。5.过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格:All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied.所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。The field ploughed, he began to spread seed.地耕好了，他开始撒种子。Language points1.figure out:to finally understand something or someone, or find the solution to a problem after a lot of thought:+ question wordI cant figure out why he did it.我不能理解他为什么做这件事。Can you figure out the answer to question 5?你能算出第五个问题的答案吗? 2.puzzle:v.+ adverb or preposition;to feel confused and slightly worried The findings of the survey puzzled me.调查的发现使我困惑。It puzzles me why she said that.+ question word她为什么那样说使我很困惑。Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.多年来科学家们一直在尽力解开这一谜底。a crossword puzzle puzzled adj. confused because you do not understand something:He had a puzzled look on his face.他脸上有一丝感到困惑的表情。Im still puzzled as to why she said that.至于她为什么那样说我仍然感到困惑。Im a bit puzzled that I havent heard from Simon for so long.很久没有收到Simon的来信我感到困惑。puzzling adj. difficult to explain or understandIts a rather puzzling film. 3.cautious:1) describe someone who avoids risks 2) describe something which is careful, well considered and sometimes slow or uncertainHe was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.当他骑自行车的时候,他很小心。a cautious approach cautiouslyadv.cautionn.We need to proceed with caution.我们需要谨慎前进。4.worth:adj.having a particular value, especially in moneyOur house is worth about 200 000.我们的房子价值20万英镑。1)be worth sth.:to be important or interesting enough to receive a particular action:I think this matter is worth our attention.我认为这件事值得我们注意。2)be worth having/doing sth:to be important or useful to have or doTheres nothing worth reading in this newspaper.这张报纸上没什么值得读的。worthless:adj. having no value in money/valueless/unimportant or useless:NOTE:The opposite is invaluable/priceless.相关有用的表达:Its worth the money.=Its good value for the money.be (well) worth doing sth.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.两鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。be worth it:to be of reasonable or good value for the price与worthy及worthwhile的区别:worthy:adj. worthy of sth suitable for, or characteristic of somethingworthwhile:adj.句型:Its worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。译:这个问题值得讨论。The question is worth discussing.The question is worthy of discussion.The question is worthy of being discussed.The question is worthy to be discussed.Its worthwhile discussing/to discuss the question.Discussing/To discuss the question is worthwhile.高考链接1.(2004浙江高考)Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_ as 3M.A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known答案:B解析:known as 3M相当于一个非限制性定语从句which was known as 3M。2.(2004上海高考)The disc, digitally_ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded答案:A解析:过去分词作定语，它和被修饰词the disc之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。此句相当于“.which was digitally recorded in the studio.”。3.（经典回放） How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key_ the problem is to meet the demand_ by the customers.A.to solving;makingB.to solving;madeC.to solve;makingD.to solve;made答案:B解析:第一个空“解决这个问题的答案”中的to是介词，其后接动词-ing形式；made by the customers 作demand的定语，相当于定语从句which is made by the customers。4.(2004全国高考)When first_ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.being introduced答案:B解析:本题属于“连词+过去分词”结构。句子主语these products 和introduce 在逻辑上构成动宾关系，此句相当于 “When these products were first introduced to the market”，故选B项。5.(2004全国高考)It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss.A.questioningB.having questionedC.questionedD.to be questioned答案:C解析:此句补全应为“.when I was questioned.”，故选C项。111
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