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111BOOK I UNIT ONE FriendshipI. 考纲词汇：_ vt. 增加；添加；补充说 vi. 加；加起来；增添_ n. 点；尖端；分数 _vt.& vi. (_ _ _) 使不安；使心烦 adj. 心烦意乱的；不适的；不舒服的_ vt. 不理睬；忽视 _ adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 vt.&vi. （使）平静；（使）镇定_ vt. 涉及；关系到 n. 关心；关注；（利害）关系_ adj. 松的；松散的；松开的_ n. 欺骗；骗子 vt.&vi. 欺骗；骗取；欺诈；作弊 _ n. 理由；原因_ vt. 列出 _ vt. 分享；均分；分担 n. 一份；份额_ n. 感觉；感情 _ n. 荷兰_ n. 德国人；德语 adj. 德国的；德国人的；德语的 _ n. 连续；系列_ adv. 在户外；在野外 _ adj. 疯狂的；狂热的_ n. 自然；自然界 _ n. 目的；意图_ vt. &v. aux 敢；胆敢 _ n. 雷；雷声； vi. 打雷；雷鸣_ adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 _ n. 能力；力量；权力_ adv. 依照 _ adv. 按照；依据_ vt. & n. 信任；信赖 _ adv. 在室内；入室内_ vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历 _ n. 十几岁的青少年_ n. 忠告；建议 _ n. 调查表；问卷_ n. 测验；提问 vt. 对进行测验 _ n. 情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置_ n. 编辑 _ vi. 交际；沟通；传达（感情、信息等）_ n. 习惯；习性_合计 _ 平静下来；镇定下来_不得不；必须 _ 关心；挂念_遛狗 _ 经历；经受_躲藏；隐藏 _ 放下；记下；登记_一连串的；一系列；一套 _ 故意_为了 _ 面对面地_按照；根据所说 _ 与相处；进展_相爱；爱上 _ 参加；加入课文再现1. Add up (增加)your score and see how many points you can get. （P1）2. Your friend comes to school very upset. The bell rings so you need to go to class. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(使某人平静下来). / tell your friend that youve got to (不得不) go to class. / tell your friend that you are concerned about (关心,挂念) him/her but you have to go to class. You two will meet after class and talk then. （P1）3. Your friend has gone on holiday (度假) and asked you to take care of （照顾）his /her dog. While walking the dog (遛狗), you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. （P1）4. Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at (嘲笑) you, or just cant understand what you are going through? (经历) （P2）5. She and her family hid away (躲藏) for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. （P2）6. I dont want to settle down (写下) a series of （一系列）facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty. （P2）7. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose (故意) until half past eleven one evening in order to （目的是）have a good look at the moon for once by myself. （P2）8. Another time five months ago, I happened to (碰巧) be upstairs one evening when the window was open. It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face(面对面) (P2)9. He used to work (过去常做某事) outdoors even in the middle of winter. （P4）10. I m getting along well with (与某人相处友好)a boy in my class.（P6）11. Join in (加入) peoples discussion. Try to make friends with(与某人交朋友) one or two classmates. (P7)12. Mr. Jones lives alone (单独) and often feels lonely.（孤独） We communicate with each other (相互交流)by Internet /through the Internet.（P42）13. A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患难之交才是真正的朋友) （P46）14. A friend to all is a friend to none. (滥交者无友) （P46）15. With clothes the new are the best; with friends the old are the best. (衣服是新的好；朋友是旧的好) （P46）III. 单词：1、survey n. 调查，概述； v. 测量，检查； e.g. a. A recent survey showed most of those questioned were for the plan. 最近的民意测验显示大多数调查对象同意这项计划。 b. The governor surveyed the damage caused by the tsunami. 州长查看了海啸引起的破坏情况。思维拓展：(1). make a survey of sth. 调查 make a general survey of sth 纵观(2). survey sth. 调查，评述，检查 survey the equipment 检查设备词汇派生：surveyor n. 测量员，检察员2、add v. 增加，增添 e.g. a. Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗？ b. A new wing was added to the building. 这座大楼新添了一座边房。思维拓展：add up sth 把加起来add sth to sth 把加到add to sth = increase 增加了。add up to 合计；总共add in 包括;算进 指点迷津：(1). add sth to sth 是“把加到上去“，add to 不能分开用，意为“增加了”, 相当于increase 或raise. 如：e.g. a. He added some sugar to the coffee. 他给咖啡里加了些糖。 The bad weather added to our difficulty. 坏天气增加了我们的困难。(2). add还可表示“补充说“，后常接从句。e.g. He added that he was satisfied with the talk. 它补充说他对会谈很满意。词汇派生：addition n. 附加物 additional adj. 附加的adding machine 加法机in addition to 除之外3、point n. 要点，尖端，含义； v. 指出e.g. a. The point is that you shouldnt have to wait so long to see a doctor. 关键是看病不应等那么久。 b. He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand. 他指着那所房子原来所在的地方。思维拓展：(1). come to the point of 到了地步to the point of 达到的程度be on the point of doing 正要做There is no point in 没必要/没意义做boiling point 沸点(2). point to/ at 指向 point out sth to sb. 向某人指出某事 point out that指出 point sth to/at sb. 把对着某人指点迷津：(1). 当非善意地用手指某人时，只能用point at.(2). 当表示指针指向、证据表明、建筑物的朝向时，用point to. 如：e.g.The house points to the sea. 那所房子面向大海。词汇派生：pointed adj. 尖锐的；尖的pointless adj. 无意义的，无益的4、upset v. 使不安，打乱 adj. 心烦意乱的 e.g.a. His strange behavior upset his father. 他的奇怪行径困扰着他父亲。 b. I understand how upset you must be feeling. 我理解你心里有多难受。思维拓展：(1). upset sb. 使某人不安 upset the plan 搅乱了计划 upset the cup 打翻了杯子 It upsets sb that 让某人心烦的是 It upsets sb to do sth 做使某人不快。(2). be upset about 对赶到心烦指点迷津：(1). upset 指由于某事的发生而心烦意乱。(2). nervous 在做某事的过程中紧张害怕的感觉。(3). anxious 因担心某事的发生或不发生而焦虑不安。词汇派生：upset-upset-upset-upsetting 5、concern n. 担心，关心，关系； v. 涉及，有关e.g. a. There is growing concern about violence on TV. 人们对电视上的暴力内容日见担忧。 b. Dont be involved in what doesnt concern you. 不要管那些与你无关的事。思维拓展：(1). show/express concern about/ for 对表示关心/担心 have concern with 和有关系with concern 关切地(2). concern oneself about/ for 担忧/关心 concern oneself with 从事，参与 concern sb./ sth 与有关词汇派生：concerned adj. 有关的；担心的be concerned about/ over/for 关心；挂念be concerned with/ in 牵扯进/参与all parties concerned 有关各方as/so far as be concerned 就而言e.g. As far as Im concerned, the sooner, the better. 就我而言，越快越好。6、 cheat v. 欺骗,作弊 n. 骗子, 作弊者 eg. He is accused of cheating the taxman. 他被控欺骗税务员. eg. The two cheats set up tow looms. 这两个骗子支起两架织布机.思维拓展： cheat sb. (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 cheat sb. into doing sth 骗某人做 cheat sb. into the belief that 骗某人相信 catch sb. cheating in an exam 作弊被抓7、feeling n. 感觉,情绪 eg. have no feeling in my foot. 没有知觉 eg. can understand his feelings 解他的心情.思维拓展：a feeling of hunger 饥饿感a feeling of danger 危险感a feeling of gratitude 感激的心情have a feeling that 有的预感lose feeling in ones legs 双脚失去知觉hurt ones feelings 伤害某人的感情hide/ mask ones feelings 隐瞒感情express feelings 表达感情构词法:feel v. 感觉出feeler n. 触角,触须feelingly adv. 充满感情地8、 series n. 一系列,连续e.g. There has been a series of accidents at the crossing. 在那个十字路口曾经发生过一连串的事故.思维拓展：a seires of 一连串的, 一系列的a seroes of accidents 一连串事故a series of articles 一系列文章a TV series 一部电视连续剧in series 连续,一系列地构词法:serial n. 连续剧, 连载小说9、nature n.(1) 大自然, 自然界the law of nature 自然法则the balance of nature 生态平衡the beauty of nature 大自然之美(2) 本性,性情human nature 人性a man of gentle nature 性情温和的人(3) 性质, 种类be different in nature 性质不同思维拓展：be nature to nature 逼真by nature 天生地against nature 违反自然地in a state of nature 处于未开化的状态常用搭配:its natural that = its natural for sb. to do sth 做是当然的e.g. Its natural that we should carry out the plan. = it s natural for us to carry out the plan.这个计划是当然的.10、powder n. 能量,力量,权力eg. Carry this luggage requires a lot of powder. 搬运这件行李需要很大的力气.思维拓展：be in powder 执政,掌权come into powder = take power上台,执政under ones own power 凭借自身的力量have the power to do sth 具有的能力beyond/ out of ones powder 力所不能及的构词法:powerful adj. 强有力的powerless adj. 无力的,无权的11、suffer v. 遭受,忍受eg. The city suffered serous damage from the earthquake. 城市因地震遭受严重破坏.练习: suffer pain / loss / defeat / punishment / hardship 遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难思维拓展：suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒suffer for sth. 为而受苦构词法:suffering n. 痛苦, 苦难sufferer n. 受难者, 患者12、 purpose n. 目的,意图eg. For what purpose did he go to Africa? 他去非洲的目的何在?思维拓展：on purpose = by accident 故意地for the purpose of 为了的目的with the purpose of 抱着的目的ones purpose in doing sth . 某人做的目的构词法:purposeful adj. 有目的的,故意的purposeless adj. 无目的的purposely adv. 特意地,故意地13、advice n. 劝告,建议eg. He gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language. 他就如何学习外语给我们提了一些建议.思维拓展：give / offer sb. some advice on 就给某人提建议ask sb. for adcice 征求某人的意见follow / take ones advice接受某人的建议 do sth. by ones advice 按某人的建议做on / upon ones adcice 听某人的劝告构词法:adviser / advisor n. 建议者,顾问advisory adj. 劝告的, 顾问的advise v. 建议advise sb. to do sth 建议某人做advise sb. not to do sth = adcise sb. against doing sth 建议某人不要做advise doing sth 建议做advise that 建议advise sb. on 向某人提.建议14、effort n. 努力eg. You should put more effort into your work. 你应该更加努力地工作.思维拓展：make an effort to do 努力做= make every effort to do = make grat efforts to do = spare no effort to do without effort 毫不费力地注: “ 全力做.”的表达:do all out to do do / try ones best to dodo all / everything / what one can to do 构词法:effortless adj. 不费力的15、habit n. 习惯,习性 eg. You need to change your eating habits. 你需要改变饮食习惯.思维拓展： develop / form the habit of = build up the habit of 养成的习惯 fall / get into the habit of 染上的习惯 be in the habit of = have the habit of 有的习惯 get sb. into the habit of 使某人养成.的习惯 get out of the habit of = give up the habit of = kick / break/ drop the habit of 戒除.的习惯 do sth. out of habit 处于习惯做某事IV. 课文短语:1. go through 通过;经受; 仔细检查; 完成练习：go through too many wars 经过太多的战争go through with ones promise 实践诺言The new law has gone through. 新的法律已经通过了.The teacher went through all the students homework. 老师将学生的作业仔细的检查了一遍.思维拓展:break through 冲破get through 完成, 通过live through 活过look through 浏览read through 通读see through 看穿have been through with 经受过 (很多苦)through thick and thin 共患难through and through 彻底,完全2. hide away 躲避,隐蔽eg. a. The thief hid away in the woods for a week. 小偷在树林里隐藏了一周.b. They hid away the solider from the enemy . 他们藏起了这个战士以躲避敌人.思维拓展:常用被动语态形式的结构:be hidden among the woods 躲在树林里be devoted to education 献身教育be stationed in the village 驻扎在村里be buried in reading 专心阅读be seated beside me 坐在我身边3. set down 记下， 放下,认为,归因于eg. a. Set down his name and address. 记下他的名字和地址.b.He set down the book on the bable . 他把书放在桌上.c. I set the man down as a solier. 我以为那人是个士兵.d. I set down his bad temper to his health. 我认为他的坏脾气是由于身体的原因.思维拓展:set down (doing) sth 着手(做)某事set out to do sth. 着手做做某事set off 动身,引爆set up 竖起,创设,开办注: 表示” 记下, 写下” 时set down = put down = write down = get down4. do with 处理,与. 有关eg. He didnt knkow what to do with his camel. 他不知如何处置他的骆驼.思维拓展:have sth. to do with 与有关have nothing to do with 与无关have much / a lot of to do with 与有很大关系指点迷津:(1) do with 表示 “ 处置” 时常与what 搭配,而 deal with 常与how 搭配.e.g. What to do with his camel how to deal with his camel (2) what与how 的其他搭配What do you think of ?How do you like / find ?What to do it next (3) do without 没有也行eg. If theres none left well have to do without. 如果没有剩余的我们就只得将就了.5. for once 就这/ 那一次eg. a. For once yourre right . 只有这一次你是对的.b. I think we might relax orselves for this once .我想我们就这么一次可以放松一下.思维拓展:all at once 突然; 同时once and for all 永远地;一劳永逸地once in a while 偶尔once more / again 再一次once upon a time 从前( 用于开始讲故事)at once 立刻;同时指点迷津:for once = this once = just for once = for this once 6. face to face 面对面地eg. They stood face to face with each other. 他们面对面地站着.思维拓展:heart to heart 心贴心地, 坦诚地shoulder to shouldedr 肩并肩地hand in hand手拉手地arm in arm臂挽臂地side by side 并排地back to back 背靠背地指点迷津:(1) face-to face 是合成形容词,在句中作定语.eg. Well have a face-to-face interview. 我们要进行一次面对面的采访.(2) face to face 中不用任何冠词.类似短语如:from door to door 挨门挨户地from mouth to mouth 口口相传地see eye to eye 完全同意地from left to right 从左到右地from generation to generation 一代一代地from head to foot 从头到脚from time to tme 不时地(3) face to face 常与with 连用,表示 “与面对面”, 在句中作状语. 如:eg. He came face to face with death. 他面临死亡.7. get along with 进展,相处eg. a. How are you getting along with your classmates? 你与同学相处怎样?b. Hes getting along well with his business. 他生意做得很顺利.思维拓展:get along well / nicely with 与相处得很好get along badly with 与相处得不好指点迷津:(1) get along with 中的along 也可以用on 替换.(2) get along with sb. 是与某人相处得如何，get along with sth 是某事进展得如何()在 He didnt know that we were getting along with them.中，不能用how 代替that . 当句中没有well, nicely 或 badly 等词时，才用how. e.g. I want to know how they are getting along with the work. 我想知道他们的工作进展得怎么样V. 词义辨析：1. pay, salary 与 wage （1） pay 工资，薪金，是不可数名词常指按时支付的固定薪酬，也指海陆军人以及在政府部门工作的人的新酬可用来代替 salary 或wages. 如：eg. a. How much tax do they take out of your pay? 他们从你的工资中抽多少税？ b. I get my pay every Friday. 我每星期五领薪水（）salary 薪水可用作可数或不可数名词通常指非体力劳动者（如：白领阶层的工作者或掌管业务的行政人员等）所得的报酬，一般按月发回半年、一年发放一次如：eg. a. He is paid for his work at a high salary .他的工作薪水很高 b. I draw my salary at the end of every month.我每个月底领工资（）wage 工资，工钱通常指付给体力劳动者（如：蓝领工资，也可指按记时工资常用复数形式，其谓语动词也用复数有时工资多或少时，常说much / little wage, 而不说 many / few wages. 如：eg. a. Wages are high in this country. 这个国家的工资待遇高 b. She has a rise in her wages. 她涨了工资。2. ignore 与be ignorant （1）ignore 装作不知，故意不理睬（）be ignorant 不知道，没意识到eg.a. He ignores the doctors adcice and goes on smoking.他不顾（忽视）医生的忠告而继续抽烟b. I was ignorant ( of the fact ) that the boss could be so strict. 我不知道老板居然那样严格calm, quiet, still 与 silent （1） calm 平静的，沉重着的指无风浪或人的心情不激动；（）quiet 宁静的，安静的指没有声音，不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑；（）still 静止的，不动的指没有运动或动作的状态；（）silent 寂静的，沉默的，不发音的指没有声音或不讲话如：eg. a. He kept calm in face of great danger. 面临巨大危险他还是保持镇静 b.He leads a quiet life. 他过着平淡的生活。c. Ask the children to keep silent.让孩子们保持安静 d.Please keep/stay still while I take your photo. 我给你拍照时请别动。concern, anxiety, care与 worry (1) concern 语气较轻，指对非常下的人或物的担忧；()anxiety “ 担忧，挂念，焦急，指对未来的事或不能确定的的不安，主要是怕发生不辛的事，但并非消极的悲观失望，而是积极地希望避免不辛，另外还有渴望做某事或获得某事的含义；（3）care “担心，挂念，操心”，不仅指感情上的担忧，也包括在理智上对某事的挂念和操心；(4)worry担心，烦恼，操心，是日常用语，指过分的担心或无济于事的忧虑等如：eg. a. His childs future was his greatest concern. 孩子的前途是他最关心的问题b. As his confidence in work increased , his anxieties about it disappeared. 因为对工作的信心曾加了，他对工作的担忧消失了c. Care had made him look ten years older .操心使他看起来老了岁d. Too much worry had made him look like an old man .过分忧虑使他看起来像位老人in order to, so as to 与 so as to (1) in order to 引导的不定式作目的状语，可置于句首或句末()so as to 引导的不定式作目的状语，起位置一般在句末eg.a. In order to catch the train, he hurried through his work. 为了赶火车，他匆匆忙忙完成了工作（表目的） b. He hurried through his work in order to / so as to catch the train. 为了赶火车，他匆匆忙忙完成了工作（表目的）() so as to 结构中， so + adj./ adv. as to do 表示一个结果，意为达到某种程度如：e.g. a. She was so kind as to help the old lady off the bus. 她好心地把那位老太太扶下了公共汽车 b. Would you be so kind as to lead me to the hospital? 请你把我带到医院去好吗？指点迷津：（）否定结构：in order not to do 和 so as not to do. (2 ) 主语从句主语一致时，才能用 in order to 或 so as to 来引导，否则，改用 so that 或in order that 来引导eg. In order to see it clearly, I put on my galsses. = I put on my glasses in order to see it clearly. = I put on my glasses as to see it clearly . 为了看清楚，我戴上了眼镜 = I put on my glasses to see it clearly . = To see it clearly, I put on my glasses.6. energy, force, strength 与power (1) energy 主要指 “人的精力, 自然界的能力()force 主要指非自然界的力量，暴力，势力，说服力，压制力，法律、道德或感情的力量，军事的力量等总之，它是活动过程中的力量;（）strength 常指固定潜在的力量，就人说，着重指力气，就物来，着重指强度、潜力等；（）power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能，人或机器等事物的潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量、职权、权利或政权eg. a. Old as he is, he has so much engergy that he can work 14 hours a day . 尽管年纪大，但他有足够的精力每天工作小时b. The police had to use force when they took him to the police station. 警察带他警察局时，他们不得不使用武力c. Knowledge is power . 知识就是力量d. He lost some of the strength in his muscles when he stopped exercising. 他停止锻炼时，肌肉就失去了力量 111
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