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111Unit 2 English around the worldTeaching aims and learning goals要点讲解【重点单词】1. voyage n.航行，航海 辨析：voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【解释】voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行travel: 一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念trip: (短途)旅行tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行【即境活用】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). It is tiring to take a long _ by train from Paris to Moscow.2). The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.3). Well have time for a _ to France next weekend.4). We went on a guided _ round the castle.答案:1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). Tour2. actually adv. 实际上，事实上（=in fact）Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other . 事实上不同的文化交流渗透时，所有语言都会变化发展。Believe it or not，he actually won. 信不信由你，他真赢了。【即境活用】The tree looks high and strong but _ its trunk is hollow .这棵树看上去又高又壮，实际上树干是空的。答案: actually3. base vt. 以为根据 n. 基部;基地;基础base sth.on/upon sth.以为的基础be based on/upon sth.以为基础baseless adj.无根据的；无缘无故的basement n地下室basic adj.基本的；基础的；最简单的；初步的basically adv.大体上；基本上That company has offices all over the world，but the base is in Paris.那个公司的办事处遍布全世界，但本部在巴黎。This news report is based entirely on facts.这篇新闻报道是完全根据实际情况写成的。One should always base ones opinions on facts.意见应以事实为根据。完成句子(1)他的思想是以实践为依据的。His thought _ practice.(2)他的理论是建立在实践的基础上的。His theory _ practice.(3)我们将以东京为据点到各地旅行。Were going to _ Tokyo and make trips from there.答案: (1)was based on (2)is based on (3)base ourselves in4. frequent adj.频繁的，常见的辨析：frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular【解释】frequent经常的，时间或间歇很短的发生或出现common 通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众所周知的ordinary指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的，有时含贬义general一般性的，到处的；不限于领域、地区或应用regular平常的；惯例的；习惯性的、通常的或正常的【即境活用】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). This is a _ problem.2). He often makes _ errors of judgment.3).Look at the trains _ schedule.4).The violinist gave a very _ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.5).As a _ rule I am home by six.答案:1). common2). frequent 3). regular 4). ordinary 5). General5. . 辨析request， command和orderrequest要求，请求，语气比其他两项委婉；order和command在用法上很相似，command和order都有“命令”之意,都可以接名词、从句作宾语，接不定式作宾语补足语，接从句时从句要用虚拟语气。command指权威方面正式下令，主要用于军事场合The general commanded his men to attack the city. 将军命令士兵攻城。order执行任务或掌权者发布命令时使用，为常用词，可用于正式或非正式场合。The police officer ordered that I should get out of the car. 警察命令我从汽车里出来【即境活用】The newly founded chess club formally_ us to attend the opening ceremony.A. requested B. Required C. demanded D. commanded【解析】A 考查request sb. to do sth. BCD语气强硬，按照句意A符合 6. request n.&vt 请求；要求7. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了重点用法a block of 一大块block out 堵住block off 封锁；封闭block up 堵塞；阻碍【即境活用】中译英 1). 他们在绕楼群散步。_2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。_答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block. 2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland. 8. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认【重点短语】1. because of 因为;由于(1)because of是介词短语，表示原因，“因为，由于”，后接名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句，在句中作状语。(2)because是从属连词，引导原因状语从句或表语从句，表示主句的根本原因。He did not come because of the rain(because it rained)因为下雨他没有来。He cried because of the pain in his arm(because he had a pain in his arm)因为胳膊痛他哭了。【拓展延伸】 because, as, since, for都表示原因，但意义不同because直接原因，语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中，也只能用because.as 用于解释做某事的原因，语气较弱，通常位于主句前.since 表示的原因是指众所周知的事实，意思“既然”。语气比because弱。通常位于主句前，并常与as换用.for 并列连词，连接并列分句，表示一种补充说明，是推测或判断的理由，语气较弱.2. come up 走近;上来;被提出;(太阳等)升起;出芽;靠近,接近Such a problem never came up.从不曾发生过这样的问题。The sun came up.太阳升起来了。The subject came up in the conversation.谈话中提到了这个话题。Her birthday is coming up soon.她的生日即将到来。【拓展归纳】come across(偶然)遇见，碰见；发现come out出来；出版；出现；(消息)传出；真相大白come about发生(happen)，产生come to达到；谈到；苏醒；总计；突然想到come on加油；快点；得了吧come back回来；重新流行come up with提出；找到(答案)【即境活用】Have you_some new ideas？(江苏高考)Yeah.Ill tell you later. Acome about Bcome into Ccome up with Dcome out with【解析】Ccome about发生；come into继承，得到(遗产)；come up with想出；come out with发表，公布，说出。句意为：“你想出新的主意了吗？”“是的，我过会儿告诉你。”3. at present 目前;现在No one knows where he is at present. 没有人知道他现在在哪里.【拓展归纳】present (1)n. 目前;现在;礼物 for the moment 目前,暂时I got a present on my birthday. 在我生日那天,我得到了一份礼物.He doesnt know how to deal with the difficult situation for the moment.他目前不知道该怎么应对困难的局势.(2)adj. 目前的;现在的(可作前置定语);出席的;在场的(作后置定语或表语)at the present time 目前;现在be present at 出席,到场【即境活用】The professor was pleased to see that so many people _the lecture.A. present B. present at C. were present at D. were present for【解析】C 句意:教授很高兴看到那么多人出席演讲.由to see可知that引导宾语从句;be present at 出席,到场.故选C.4. make use of 利用;使用【拓展归纳】 make full use of/make the most of充分利用make good/little/no use of很好地/很少/没有利用be of use有用处come into use开始被使用be in use在使用中bring/put.to use把加以利用go out of use被废除Its no use doing.做没有用We must make good use of our limited time and money.我们必须好好利用我们有限的时间和金钱。If we had made better use of the time，we would have finished the task sooner.如果我们当时能更好地利用时间的话，我们会更快地完成任务。Human beings，especially the Chinese，should make full use of their natural resources.人类，尤其是中国人，应该充分利用其自然资源。完成句子(1)你可以任意利用它。 You can _ it.(2)我们应该充分利用时间。We should _ our time.(3)自然资源应该科学利用。Natural resources should _scientifically.(4)我们对你们对图书馆的使用情况感兴趣。We are interested in the use _your library.答案: (1)make any use of (2) make full use of (3) be used (4) you make of5. such as 意为“诸如之类；例如”，用来列举事物(一类)。放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as之后不可有逗号。for example用来列举说明(一个)。可句中插入语，其前后需要逗号隔开。可用于句首、句中或句末。在such.as.中，as可引导一个定语从句，as可在定语从句中作主语、宾语；而such.that则引导一个结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。用such as，for example，such.as.，such.that.填空 (1)We learn eight subjects，_ Chinese，English，physics and so on.(2)He is _ a lovely boy _ everyone likes him.(3)_ women _ knew Tom thought he was charming.(4)He，_, is a good teacher.答案: (1)such as (2)such; that (3)Such; as (4)for example5. play a part/ role in sth.在中起作用；在中扮演角色Music plays an important part in our life.音乐在我们的生活中起着重要的作用.完成句子(1)他在那次行动中起了重要作用。He _in the movement.(2)我将在那部戏里扮演主角。I will _ in the play.(3)联合国在国际关系方面扮演着重要的角色/起着重要作用。The UN _ in international relations.答案: (1) played a leading part (2) play the leading part (3) plays an important part in【重点句型】1 Do you know that there is more than one kind of English(1)more than 与数词连用，意为“超过，多于”，其反义短语为less than；常见的有more than one，意为“不止一个，很多”。“more than one单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词或系动词用单数；作表语时，在there be句型中be动词用is。(2)more than名词，表示超出该名词所指，意思是“不止，不仅仅是”。Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不仅仅可以用于盖房子。(3)more than形容词或动词，表示加强语气，意思是“很，非常”。She is more than pleased with her daughters performance.她对女儿的表演非常满意。(4)more than(that)从句，其基本意义是“超过”，但可译为“简直不，远非”。(5)more than之间加上形容词或副词，有两种含义：一是普通的比较级用法；二是表示“与其说，倒不如说”。She was more sad than angry when her son lied again.当她的儿子再次说谎时，她的悲伤甚于愤怒。完成句子(1)_(不止一个人)has been concerned in this thing.(2)China Daily is _(不仅仅是一份报纸)(3)Im sure conditions over there will _(会极大地满足你的要求)(4)He was _(对于发生的事情与其说生气倒不如说难过)答案: (1) More than one person (2) more than a newspaper (3) more than satisfy your requirements (4) more sorry than angry at what had happened【即境活用】Do you need any help，Lucy?Yes. The job is _I could do myself.(福建高考)Aless than Bmore than Cno more than Dnot more than【解析】B本题考查形容词比较级的用法。less than少于，亚于；more than多于，超过；no more than只不过；not more than至多，不多于。答语句意为：是的，我需要。这工作超出了我力所能及的范围。more than后接带有情态动词的从句，指“(某事)超出了的范围”，符合题意。2 【拓展归纳】by the way顺便提一下，附带问一问in the way挡道on the/ones way to some place在去某地的路上in a way/in one way/in some way在某种程度上no way决不by way of途经；作为I like the new styles in a way. 在某种程度上我喜欢这些新款式。Winter is on the way. 冬天就要来到了。By the way，what happened to the money? 顺便问一句，那笔钱后来怎么样了？He led an American way of living. 他按照美国人的生活方式生活。In some ways you are right. 在某些方面你是对的。用恰当的短语填空(1) Dont stand _when I am carrying out the plan.(2) She is_ to becoming a doctor.(3 )Only_ can you work out the problem.答案: (1) in the way (2) on the way (3) in this way3. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以互相理解。even ifeven though意思是“即使，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句。Even if I didnt know anybody at the party，I had a good time.我尽管在晚会上谁也不认识，但仍然玩得很开心。Even though he has nothing else to do，he wont come to the concert.他即使没其他事可做，也不会来听音乐会。翻译句子(1)尽管他很好，但我并不真正信任他。_(2)即使你不喜欢花，这次花展你也不应该错过。_(3)尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。_答案: (1) Even though hes very nice，I dont really trust him.(2) Even if you are not fond of flowers,you shouldnt miss the flower exhibition.(3) He likes to help us even though he is very busy.4. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.例如，印度拥有众多能流利讲英语的人，那是因为在1765至1974年间英国统治着印度。a very large number of意为“非常多，大量”，后面接可数名词的复数。在英语中有许多短语表示“许多，大量”的意思，但有些只能修饰可数名词的复数，有些只能修饰不可数名词，有些两者都可修饰。常见修饰可数名词复数的有：a number of，a great many (of)，a few (of)；修饰不可数名词的有：an amount of，a great deal of，a little；两者都可修饰的有 a lot of，lots of，plenty of，quantity of，a large/small quantities of。There were a large number of people in the hall. 大厅里有许多人。A number of students are playing basketball on the playground.许多学生在操场上打篮球。用a number of, the number of，a great deal of填空(1)_ the university students is getting larger and larger.(2)China has_(最多的)English speakers.(3)_ people have applied for the job.(4)They spent _ money.答案: (1) The number of (2) the largest number of(3) A (great/large) number of (4) a (great/good) deal of5. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.（P13）expect sb./sth. 期待着某人或某事物的到来expect to do sth.指望/希望做某事(had) expected to do sth.=expected to have done本指望/预料做(事实上并未做)某事expect sb. to do sth.指望/预料某人做某事expectthatclause认为/预想You cant expect to learn a foreign language in a week.不要指望一周就能学会一门外语。Im expecting a telegram.我在等(盼)一封电报。I had expected to see him at the party，but he didnt turn up.我本以为在晚会上会见到他，但他没有出现。翻译句子(1)我料想汤姆正在等我。_(2)预计他在天黑前就回来了。_(3)我认为他会来帮我的。_答案: (1) I expect Tom to be waiting for me.(2) He is expected to come back before dark.(3) I expect that he will come to my help.6. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你（世界上）没有什么标准英语。(1)believe it or not信不信由你(我说的是真话)，用作插入语。(2)英语中常见的插入语有：to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话to begin/start with首先judging by/from从来判断generally speaking一般说来to make things worse更糟的是in other words换句话说in a word总之；一句话whats more而且whats worse更糟的是to be honest老实说Believe it or not，he walked 12 miles to get help for you.信不信由你，为给你们求援，他步行了12英里。Believe it or not，we were left waiting in the rain for two hours. 信不信由你，我们在雨中一直等了两个小时。完成句子(1)_(说实话)，I dont know him.(2)_(一般说来)，it is easy to learn English.(3)_(从他的方言上判断)，he is from Shandong.答案: (1)To tell you the truth (2)Generally speaking (3)Judging from his dialects语法讲解直接引语和间接引语()语法规则(祈使句改为间接引语)1根据祈使句的语气，如果是强制性的，如军官、警官对下级，老板对雇员等，把say改为order或demand；如是同级之间一般性的语气，则改为tell；如遇客气的请求，则改为ask，但时态均不变。2把祈使的对象放在order，demand，tell，ask后面，作其宾语。3把祈使句的动词原形改为不定式to do 或not to do，放在宾语后面，并去掉引号。4. 如祈使句中有代词，要视具体情况作相应的变化，如yourhis/her，thisthat，总的原则是使所指不变。5祈使句改为间接引语后，成了一个简单句子，整个句子结构为：主语order/demand/tell/asksb.to do/not to do sth.。 “Take off your boots！”the guard said to Hill.The guard ordered Hill to take off his boots.Mrs.Black said to the students angrily，“Dont make any noise！”Mrs.Black ordered the students not to make any noise.Father said to me，“Look after your little sister.”Father told me to look after my little sister.“Please help me carry this box，”she said to John.She asked John to help her carry that box.【拓展】直接引语若为祈使句(通常表示命令、要求、建议等)，变为间接引语时，常构成简单句型“引述动词ask/tell/order/advise/warn/remind/etc.名(代)词宾语(not)不定式”。其中，引述动词根据说话者的语气来确定。“Remember to switch off all the lights，”she said.She reminded me to switch off all the lights.“Dont make a mess in the kitchen，”she said to him.She asked/told/warned him not to make a mess in the kitchen.“Youd better hurry，Bill，”she said.She advised Bill to hurry.注意：祈使句句型变化注意事项：(1)直接引语中的称呼语是祈使的对象，改为间接引语时，常作引述动词的宾语。如原句中没有称呼语，通常要加上宾语如me，him，us等。He said，“Go and tell her，Tom.”He told Tom (me) to go and tell her.(2)直接引语中如果有表示客气的please或表示强调的助动词do，改为间接引语时须去掉。He said to me，“Sit down，please.”He asked me to sit down.(3)表示劝告、指示、命令等的祈使句也可以改为that引导的含有情态动词should的宾语从句。He said，“Go and see her.”He said/advised that I should go and see her(4)let的祈使句改为间接引语时，须根据它们表示的意义而定。He said，“Lets go to the cinema.”He suggested going to the cinema.He suggested that we go to the cinema.(5)疑问祈使句和带有附加句的祈使句改为间接引语时和一般祈使句一样，改为宾语加不定式短语的结构。He said，“Will you help me，please？”He asked me to help him.(6)表示祝愿的祈使句变为间接引语时，必须根据它们的意义而定。“Heaven helps me！”he said.He wished that Heaven would help him.把下列句子改为间接引语1“Change your dirty uniform！”the officer said to his man._2“Put my purse in the drawer of the desk and lock it，”the wife said to her husband._3“Dont be late again！”the teacher said to his student._4“Dont come in without ringing my office first，”the boss said to his assistant._5“Please dont smoke at the food counter，”the waitress said to Bill._6“You two，open this door，”he said to the two men._答案:1. The officer ordered his man to change his dirty uniform.2. The wife told her husband to put her purse in the drawer of the desk and lock it.3. The teacher told his student not to be late again.4. The boss ordered his assistant not to go in without ringing his office first.5. The waitress asked Bill not to smoke at the food counter.6. He told the two men to open that door.111
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