高中英语 Unit 1《Being a Teenager》重点单词诠释 冀教版必修1

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111Being a teenager重点单词诠释1.affect 动词,三个意思:影响 Their opinion will not affect my decision. 他们的观点将不会影响到我的决定。 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.气候影响了雨量。 感动,感觉 All the people in the room were affected o tears .屋里所有人都感动得流了泪。 侵袭,感染 The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight .这种疾病开始侵袭她的视力。辨析:affect, effect与influenceaffect 首先可以指三种情况:对某物或某事产生不良的影响,通常以被影响的词作为宾语。例如:hot weather affects his health.炎热的天气影响了他的健康;使之改动,使之变化,用于这层意思时没有好坏的意思,例如:He wasnt affected by the news.他听了这消息后无动于衷; 感动,例如:His speech affected the audience deeply.他的讲话深深打动了观众;effect 通常以改进和变化之类的词作宾语,着重造成一种特殊效果,常和介词on 搭配;influence 的影响与上两个不同,它是指通过劝说、行为、事例等对另一方的行为、性格、观点产生潜移默化的影响,例如:What we read influences our thinking.我们阅读的书本会影响我们的思想。2.lonely adj. 孤独,寂寞拓展:alone可以作形容词,也可以作副词,是“独自“的意思。作为形容词只用作表语,不用作定语;lonely可用作表语,也可以用作定语。用作表语是“寂寞,孤独”的意思,一般指人,用作定语是“荒凉,孤寂”的意思,可修饰地方或人。试比较: I am alone. 我独自生活。(形容词) I went alone. 我一个人去的。(副词) He doesnt feel lonely when he is left alone. 他独处的时候并不感到寂寞。 A lonely island 一个人迹罕至的地方。【真题演练】Though she lived _in the palace, the beautiful queen didnt feel_. A. lonely; lonely B. alone; alone C. lonely; alone D. alone ; lonely 解析:本题的意思为“尽管这个美丽的女王自己住在这个宫殿里,但她并没有感到孤独”,结合上述分析,可知答案为D。3.wear辨析:wear / have on /dress/ put on / be in / pull on 1) wear 是及物动词,常表示穿戴的状态;可用于一般现在时、一般过去时,常用进行时态。既可用于穿衣服、袜子、鞋,戴帽子、手套、眼镜等;还可用于戴手表、首饰、徽章、花儿以及留头发、胡须等。例如: Mary is wearing a yellow dress today. 玛丽今天穿着一件黄色的外套。 She was wearing a gold ring at the ball that night. 那天晚上在舞会上她戴着一枚金戒指。 2)have on 是短语动词,意为穿着;戴着,强调穿的状态,其形式可以有have on sth. 或have sth. on。have on不能用于进行时态。例如: He had a smart new suit on. 他穿着一套漂亮的新衣服。 Thats a pretty dress you have on. 你穿的那件衣服真漂亮。 3)dress 既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,可表动作也可表状态;表穿着时只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套等。例如: a. 作及物动词时,意为给.穿衣服,其结构为dress sb. / oneself,被动结构是sb. be dressed in + 衣服,强调状态。例如: Mother is dressing her child. 妈妈在给孩子穿衣服。 After the bath, he dressed himself. 洗完澡以后,他自己穿上了衣服。 He was dressed in a new suit when I saw him.我看见他时,他穿着一件新衣服。 b. 作不及物动词时,表穿衣; 穿礼服,其后可接副词。例如: Get up and dress quickly. 快起床穿衣服。 4) put on 是短语动词,其意为穿上; 戴上,可用于指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子等,侧重于表示穿戴的动作,不与一段时间状语连用。例如: You dont need to put on your cap. 你不用戴帽子。 Its cold outside. Put on your coat. 外面天冷,穿上你的外套。 5) be in + 颜色 / 衣帽名词 / 介词短语,其意为穿着,侧重表示状态,在句中作表语或定语。例如: The old man was always in blue. 这位老人过去总穿蓝衣服。 Today she is in a red skirt. 今天她穿着一件红裙子。 6) pull on常常指匆匆忙忙地穿上;戴上,其宾语常是衣服、袜子、手套、靴子等名词。pull on反义词为pull off。例如: Pull on your clothes quickly. 赶快穿上你的衣服。 She pulled her gloves on. 她戴上了手套。3.popular adj. 受欢迎的, 流行的, 通俗的, 大众的She is now a popular film star.她现在是有名的影星。Many young people love popular songs.许多年轻人喜爱流行歌曲。Popular education is one of our major objectives.民众教育是我们的主要目标之一。搭配:popular among受.欢迎,好评; popular with受.欢迎;有好评;be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎。派生:unpopular adj. 不受欢迎的;popularity n. 普及,流行;大众化,声望; popularize vt. 使通俗化;普及;宣传【真题演练】“Mary” is a very _ name for girls. A. ordinary B. general C. popular D. rare 解析:本题考查形容词词义辨析。答案为C 。本句子的意思是:“玛丽“是一个女孩子常用的名字。General的意思是“与多数人与多数地方有关”。 popular 的意思为“受欢迎”;ordinary的意思为“不出众,没有特色”。rare的意思为“稀有的”。故答案为C 。4.confident adj. 确信的;有信心的,自信的He is quite confident that he will pass the examination.他很有信心通过考试。They are confident of success.他们有信心能够成功。Patrick was confident of his ability to get work for himself.派屈克自信有能力为自己找到工作。搭配:be confident of 对确信,有把握be in sb.s confidence受某人信任; in confidence秘密地; take sb. into ones confidence 把某人视为心腹Youre always in my confidence.我永远信任你。Im telling you this in strict confidence.这件事我只告诉你。We should not take him into our confidence.我们不能把他作为心腹。辨析:sure, certain, confident意思都含确信的:sure强调主观上确信无疑的, 如:Im sure you dont mean it.我相信你是无意的。certain指有充分根据或理由而相信的, 如:This letter made me certain of his innocence.这封信使我相信他是无罪的。confident 强调对某人物坚信的或满怀信心的, 如:Hes confident he will win.他深信他会赢。派生:confidence n. 自信,信心,把握U(+in)+to-v+that; 信赖,信任U(+in)He lacks confidence in himself.他缺少自信。We have confidence in the mayor.我们信任这位市长。【真题演练】He is _ that he will pass the examination.A. double B. gravity C. confident D. bond解析:答案为C。句意:他有信心通过这次考试。5.feel 1)意思为“触、摸;觉悟,感到”时,为及物动词。例如:The doctor felt my pulse. 医生摸到我的脉搏。A hibernating animal can not feel any pain. 一个冬眠的动物不会感到疼痛。2)当意思为“认为,以为”时,有下列5种句式: feel 名词 代词 to be 短语(宾补); feel 名词/代词 动词原形(宾补); feel that 从句; feel 名词/代词 v-ing (宾补); feel it 名词(宾补) 不定式。例如:He felt the plan to be unwise. 他以为这个计划是不明智的。I felt someone touch me on the arm. 我感到有人碰了一下我的胳膊。Didnt you feel the ground trembling ? 你感到地在颤动吗?I feel it my duty to do so. 我觉得有义务那样做。I feel that he has done his best. 我感到他已经尽了力。3)作不及物动词时,往往为系动词,后面接形容词作表语,意思为“(事物)摸起来,(人)觉得”。例如:Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很柔软。搭配:feel as if 觉得好像:I feel as if its going to rain. 我觉得好像要下雨;feel like + v-ing ,意思为“想要”:Do you feel like walking with me ? 你想要和我一起走走吗?【高考链接】-Ow, Ive burnt myself ?-How did you do that ?-I _ a hot pot . (NMET2005浙江卷) A. touched B. kept C. felt D. held 解析:答案A 。 touch 表示“触摸”。因为触摸锅被烫伤。Feel表示“触摸”时,指有意识地触摸某物。【跟踪再练】 我觉得有重复的必要。I _ _ _ to repeat it. 我现在不想吃。 I dont _ _ _ now. Key: felt it necessary feel like eating6.finally adv. 最后,最终。例如:The matter was settled finally. 那件事最后解决了。辨析:finally / at last /in the end /at the end of finally有两个用法:一是列举事物或论点时,可用来引出最后一项内容;二是用在句子中动词前面,表示“等了好久才”;at last也用来表示“等候或耽误了很多时间之后才”,意为盼望已久的事终于发生了,语气比较强烈;in the end表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况之后,某事才发生;at the end of 准确词义同in the end ,但后面必须接名词性。试比较:比较:He tried many times and finally he succeeded .When at last they found him ,he was almost dead . We made five different plans for our holiday ,but in the end we had a summer camp again . At the end of last term ,we all went there .【真题演练】 After a years training, Zhang Jian succeeded in swimming across the English Channel _.A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in the end解析:表示“等候或耽误了很长时间之后才;经过一番努力最终”时,用at last表示;而in case(以防),once again(又一次)不合语境。而in the end表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况后,某事才发生。答案:A。7.different adj. 不同的,差异的,例如:To her surprise , she found herself in a different world. 她很惊讶地发现自己来到了一个不同的世界。搭配:be different from 与 不同;make a difference 与众不同派生:difference 差别;争论;差额 ,例如:There are many differences between the two languages. 这两种语言存在许多不同之处It makes a difference which you choose.你选择哪一个,事关重大。Can you two settle the difference?你们俩能解决这个纠纷吗?【高考链接】 Sometimes the final idea comes quite unexpectedly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a _ way. (2001春招完型填空) A. simple B. different C. quick D. sudden 解析:答案为B。事情之所以想不到是因为完全不同于以前。【跟踪再练】 今天的气温差别很大呀! What _ _ _ there is in the temperature today! 你们为什么不消除分歧而言归于好呢?Why cant you settle _ _ and be friends again ? Keys: a great difference your differences 8.discover vt. 发现; 发觉;找到She discovered that the man was a quack.她发现那人是个庸医。Who first discovered America?谁最早发现美洲大陆?The lost bike was discovered at the bus stop.丢了的自行车在公共汽车站那儿找到了。派生:discovery n. 发现;被发现的事物Dr. Flemings discovery of penicillin occurred in 1928.弗莱明医生发现青霉素是在一九二八年。New scientific discoveries are being made every day.科学上,每天都有新的发现。辨析:discover / look for/ find / find out / invent :discover 指发现偶然发现原来就存在但是一直未被认识等的东西;look for 作寻找解时,指寻找的动作和过程;find 指寻找的结果,即找到,是非延续性动作;find out 指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来,搞清楚,弄明白;invent 指发明原来不存在的东西。例如:It was not until the Peoples Republic of China was founded that his lost was found. 直到中华人民共和国成立以后,他丢失的东西才被找到。Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.一八七六年阿历山大格雷厄姆贝尔发明了电话。Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。【真题演练】Can you _ Mr. Smiths telephone number for me ? Im not sure about it. A. find out B. find C. discover D. found 解析:本题主要考查词义辨析。答案为A。find out 表示“了解”、“打听”、“弄明白”的意义,类似于make sure of / about 或make sure that 从句的含义,不宜换成find 或discover。 9. happen 1)主语为“事件、事情、情况”等时,意思为“发生、偶然发生”。The accident happened at three oclock. 事故是三点钟发生的。例如:2)不用进行时态。指运气的好坏,意思为“碰巧,恰好”。具体用法有三种主语常为人或it:happen+不定式;It(形式主语)+ happen+ that从句(真正主语);happen+ to sb. / sth. 意思为“某人/某物出 事,发生了 情况”。例如: You happened to be out when I came to your house. 当我到你家时,你正碰巧出去了。It happened to be a fine day. 正碰巧是个好天。It happens that he is a teacher of English. 碰巧了,他正是位英语老师。The boy is crying. What has happened to him? 那男孩在哭。他发生了什么事?辨析:happen / take place /occur happen 作“发生,举行”解时是不及物动词,没有被动语态,常常具有傲然性,特别是“人”作主语时,happen to 也可接名词, 表示“遭到”或“偶然发生”某种情况;take place 作“发生”解时也是不及物动词短语动词,主要是指事先安排的“发生”,它没有偶然的意思(usually by arrangement)。take place 还当“举行”解。occur的意思是“发生”时,同take place ,另外它还有“想到”的意思。例如:It so happened that he was there. 他碰巧在那儿。It didnt occur me that you would object. 我没有想到你会反对。The conversation took place between father and son. 父子之间举行了一场谈话。【真题演练】- What _ to him?-He had his leg broken while playing football. (2005武汉四月)A. took place B. happened C. broke out D. was happening解析:本题主要考查同义词辨析。答案为B。本句子的意思是“他怎么了?”“踢球时,他的腿骨折了。”happen 此处是“偶然发生”的意思,从题干中的回答来看,事情已经发生,所以D选项不对;而A项单作“发生”讲,无“偶然”之意;而且不接to sb.; C项用于战争(war, fighting)、斗争(struggle)、罢工(strike)、叛乱(rebellion)、火灾(fire)等的“(突然)发生、爆发”等。【跟踪再练】 The manager happened to _ breakfast when I called on at his home yesterday morning, and so he asked me to wait for a minute.A. have had B. be having C. have D. having 这事是怎么发生的?How _ this _? 他恰好也正往那儿走。He _ _ _ _ that way too.Keys: B did; happen happened to be going 10. gain 它既可用作及物动词又可用作不及物动词,还可作名词用。为了使同学们更好地掌握这个词,现将其主要用法总结如下: 一、 作及物动词 1. 表示增加;(钟、表)快,后接名词。 I gained five kg in weight. 我的体重增加了五公斤。 His watch gains two minutes every day. 他的表每天快两分钟。 2. 表示获得;赢得;赚得,后接名词。 Eat well if you want to gain strength after your illness. 如果你想在病后恢复体力,必须吃得好。 I gained 58 yuan by selling it for more than I paid for it. 我卖出它的价格高于买进的价格,赚了58元。 3. 表示(经过努力)到达(某地),后接表地点的名词。 After battling against the storm, we finally gained the destination. 同暴风雨搏斗之后,我们终于到达了目的地。 4. 表示学会(尤其是某种值得学习的知识),后接名词。 I gained all this information from books, not from direct experience. 我的这一切知识都来自书本,并非从直接经验中学到的。 When he was in London, he gained an excellent knowledge of English. 他在伦敦期间精通了英语。 二、 作不及物动词 1. 表示改善;增进。 My father is gaining day by day. 我父亲的病情日益好转。 2. 表示增强;加强,后与in连用。 They have gained in strength. 他们的力量已经增强。 3. 表示争取过来;说服,后面接副词over。 You are sure to gain over. 你务必要争取过来。 I can gain over. 我可以说服。 三、 作名词 1. 表示增值,相当于rise,其前常加a。 There has been a gain of three cents in the value of the pound against the dollar. 英镑对美元的比价上升了3美分。 2. 表示收益;利润,常用复数。 The gains are balanced by the losses. 收支平衡。 3. 表示增进;增加。 A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 谚语吃一堑,长一智。111
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