2013届高考英语一轮复习课时知能训练：人教版必修五 Unit 1《Great scientists》

111课时知能训练.完形填空(2012茂名模拟)A true story points to a universal truth about human beings，we learn best by watching how others behave.President Calvin Coolidge once invited friends from his _1_to dine with him at the White House._2_of their table manners，the guests decided to imitate the president.They watched _3_to see which utensils(器皿) he used，what foods he ate and when.Their strategy seemed to succeed until coffee was _4_.Coolidge poured some coffee into his saucer.They did the same.He _5_sugar and cream.His guests did too.Then the president _6_and put his saucer on the floor for the cat!Like Coolidges hometown guests，we，too，seem to learn best by _7_.Kids learn by observing parents when they are young and by _8_their friends as they grow older.In fact，parents should probably be less _9_about whether their children are paying attention to them and more worried about the fact that their kids are always watching.They tell us that _10_learn in much the same way.If youre struggling with your computer or want to learn to drive a car，you will be more _11_if you have someone show you how to do it.You can always read the operators handbook and try to figure everything out yourself，but you will learn best by watching others and asking questions.What if you want to become more _12_，to organize your life，to be a better parent or to get along better with others? Again，were told that the best way to learn these skills and _13_is to find somebody who already is confident，or who is an effective parent or who has healthy attitudes and then learn the qualities you want to adopt.It is the easiest and quickest way to _14_your life.Just about any personality trait(个性品质) or skill can be _15_：simply find it in someone you know and copy it.Then watch what happens.1A.departmentBadministrationChometown Doffice【解析】考查上下文语境。根据第四段第一句话“Like Coolidges hometown guests”可知选C。【答案】C2A.Unsure BAshamedCUnaware DInformed【解析】考查形容词辨析。客人们决定模仿总统是因为不确定他们的就餐礼仪是否正确。be unsure of意为“对不确定”；be ashamed of意为“为感到羞愧”；be unaware of意为“没有意识到”；be informed of意为“被告知”。【答案】A3A.cautiously BhopefullyCclosely Dcuriously【解析】考查副词辨析。根据上文中“imitate the president”可知，要模仿总统就餐礼仪就必须密切地观察。A项意为“谨慎地，小心地”；B项意为“有希望地”；C项意为“密切地，仔细地”；D项意为“好奇地”。【答案】C4A.finished BservedCboiled Ddrunk【解析】考查动词辨析。serve意为“提供，端上”；finish意为“完成”；boil意为“煮”；drink意为“饮用”。句意：直到咖啡被端上来他们的策略似乎成功了。【答案】B5A.enjoyed BpouredCtasted Dadded【解析】考查动词辨析。根据常识可知，喝咖啡通常要加糖或奶油，故选D。add意为“添加”。【答案】D6A.bent over Bran awayChid away Dstood straight【解析】考查动词短语辨析。bend over意为“弯腰”；run away意为“逃离”；hide away意为“隐藏，躲藏”；stand straight意为“站直”。选A项更能显示总统优雅的就餐礼仪。【答案】A7A.imagination BimitationCintroduction Drecommendation【解析】考查名词辨析。根据“Like Coolidges hometown guests.“及上文第二段第二句话中的“the guests decided to imitate the president”可知，我们也似乎通过模仿别人而学得更好。A项意为“想象”；B项意为“模仿”；C项意为“介绍”；D项意为“推荐，建议”。【答案】B8A.showing BdirectingCcaring Dcopying【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文“by observing”可知空格处所填词应与observe并列且意思相近，copy意为“复制，拷贝”，符合语境。【答案】D9A.excited BconcernedCcrazy Dangry【解析】考查固定短语。be concerned about意为“关心”；be excited about意为“因而兴奋”；be crazy about意为“对疯狂”；be angry about意为“为而生气”。句意：父母可能很少关心他们的孩子是否在注意着他们。【答案】B10A.kids BadultsCdrivers Doperators【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上一段提到小孩可以通过模仿学得更好，且根据本段提到学开车时的模仿可知，本段应该指成年人学会模仿也会表现得更好。【答案】B11A.grateful BsuccessfulCsatisfied Denthusiastic【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据本段最后一句话“.but you will learn best by watching others and asking questions.”可知，如果你学开车时，有人给你展示如何去做你将会学得更好更成功。【答案】B12A.selfconfident BselfcontentCselfgiving Dselfrespecting【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“to find somebody who already is confident”可知选A。【答案】A13A.theories BregulationsCmeasures Dattitudes【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“who has healthy attitudes”可知选D。【答案】D14A.shape BsaveCsurvive Dlengthen【解析】考查动词辨析。找到一个自信或有效率的父母或对生活持积极态度的人，然后学习他们身上一些好的品质，这有助于重新塑造你的生活。shape意为“塑造”，符合语境。【答案】A15A.recognized BappreciatedClearned Drecorded【解析】考查动词辨析。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句话中的“learn the qualities”及第四、五段第一句话可知，任何个性品质或技能都能学会。【答案】C.语法填空(2012湛江检测)In the international business there is always a great need for creative talents.On the other hand creative people are also searching for areas 1._ they can put their talents to use.A talent to be noticed nowadays is much 2._(easy) than it used to be in the old times.In the early days，for example，if one wanted to be a singer，he or she had to have a great amount of talent in singing.That was the only way they could promote 3._ and be recognized.Now sources like the Internet help a great deal in promoting oneself.The Internet is like a global village.4._ (seat) in your home you are capable 5._ finding a lot of sources.People with 6._ (vary) of talents can be recognized through the Internet.7._，the Internet is 8._ opportunity to put forward ones talents，creativity，and powers in order to be noticed.Keeping in mind 9._ a talent unexposed is the talent unfound.Now we are lucky enough to show our 10._ (hide) talents，without trying very hard and just by sitting at home.【答案】1.where考查定语从句的关系词。areas之后为限制性定语从句，先行词为areas，定语从句缺少状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。2easier考查形容词比较级的用法。根据than可知，本空用easy的比较级形式easier。3themselves考查反身代词。根据下一句中的“promoting oneself”及主语“they”可知用themselves。4Seated考查非谓语动词。seat为及物动词，be seated/seat oneself意为“就座，坐着”。本句话中seat与逻辑主语you之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词seated。5of考查固定搭配。be capable of为固定短语，意为“能够”。6varieties考查固定短语用法。a variety of/varieties of为固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。7Thus/Therefore/So考查连词。分析上下文语境可知，前后两句之间为因果关系，故用Thus/Therefore/So。8an考查冠词的用法。opportunity是以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an，这里表示泛指“一个机会”。9that考查名词性从句连接词的选用。mind之后部分为宾语从句，用that引导这个宾语从句。keep in mind that.意为“记住”。10hidden考查非谓语动词。talents与hide之间为被动关系，故用过去分词hidden作定语。.阅读理解AArthur Miller(19152005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary，drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”However，he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.Millers most famous play，Death of a Salesman，is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.In Willy Loman，the hero of the play，we see a man who has got into trouble with this system.Willy is “burnt out”and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment：if he cant do the work，then he is no good to his employer，the Wagner Company，and he must go.Willy is painfully aware of this，and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama Critics Circle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury，Connecticut，on the evening of February 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了美国著名剧作家阿瑟米勒的生平及其代表作品推销员之死。1Why did Arthur Millers father move to the USA?AHe suffered from severe hunger in his home country.BHe was attracted by the “Great American Dream”CHe hoped to make his son a dramatist.DHis family business falled.【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary，drawn like so many others by the“Great American Dream”可知，米勒的父亲搬到美国去是被“伟大的美国梦”所吸引，故选B。【答案】B2The play Death of a Salesman_.Aexposes the cruelty of the American business worldBdiscusses the ways to get promoted in a companyCtalks about the business career of Arthur MillerDfocuses on the skills in doing business【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第一句Millers most famous play，Death of a Salesman，is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.可知，推销员之死揭露了美国商业社会的残酷，故选A。【答案】A3What can we learn about Willy Loman?AHe treats his employer badly.BHe runs the Wagner Company.CHe is a victim of the American system.DHe is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.【解析】推理判断题。由第二段中的.if he cant do the work，then he is no good to his employer，the Wagner Company，and he must go.in the end.可推知，Willy Loman是美国社会制度的牺牲品，【答案】C4After it was first staged，Death of a Salesman_.Aachieved huge successBwon the first Tony AwardCwas warmly welcomed by salesmenDwas severely attacked by dramatists【解析】细节理解题。由第三段第一句When it was first staged in 1949.the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.可知，这部戏剧获得了巨大的成功，故选A。B项错误在于不是赢得了第一个Tony Award。【答案】A5What is the text mainly about?AArthur Miller and his family.BThe awards Arthur Miller won.CThe hardship Arthur Miller experienced.DArthur Miller and his bestknown play.【解析】主旨大意题。综合整篇文章可知，本文主要介绍了阿瑟米勒的生平及其代表作品。【答案】DBAn old problem is getting new attention in the United Statesbullying.Recent cases included the tragic ease of a 15yearold girl whose family moved from Ireland.She hanged herself in Massachusetts following months of bullying.Her parents criticized her school for failing to protect her.Officials have brought criminal charges against several teenagers.Judy Kuczynski is president of an antibullying group called Bully PoliceUSA.Her daughter Tina was also the victim of severe bullying starting in middle school in the state of Minnesota.He said，“Our daughter was a very outgoing child.She was involved in all kinds of things and had lots of friends.And over a period of time her grades fell completely.She started having health issues.She couldnt sleep.She wasnt eating.She had terrible stomach pains.She didnt want to go to school.”Bullying is defined as negative behavior repeated over time against the same person.It can involve physical violence，or it can be verbalfor example，insults or threats.Spreading lies about someone or excluding a person from a group is known as social or relational bullying.And now there is cyberbullying，which uses the Internet，email or text messages.It has easy appeal for the bully because it does not involve facetoface contact and it can be done at any time.The first serious research studies into bullying were done in Norway in the late 1970s.The latest government study in the United States was released last year.It found that about onethird of students aged 12 to 18 were bullied at school.Susan Swearer is a psychologist at the University of Nebraska Lincoln and codirector of the Bullying Research Network.She says schools should treat bullying as a mental health problem to get bullies and victims the help they need.She says bullying is connected to depression，anxiety and antisocial behavior and bullies are often victims themselves.6From the case of Tina，we can know that_.Abullying is rareBvictims suffered a lotCschools are to blameDpersonalities are related【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的描述，可知Tina在深受身心的痛苦。【答案】B7Which of the following is NOT bullying?ATo beat someone repeatedly.BTo call someone names.CTo isolate someone from friends.DTo refuse to help someone in need.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的描述可知bullying应包括暴力、辱骂以及孤立某学生等行为，不包含D项。【答案】D8Why is cyberbullying appealing to the bully?ABecause it can involve more people.BBecause it can create worse effects.CBecause it is more convenient.DBecause it can avoid cheating.【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的描述可知答案。【答案】C9According to Susan Swearer，_.Abullies are antisocialBbullies should give victims helpCstudents are not equally treatedDbullies themselves also need help【解析】细节理解题。根据文章的最后一段中的最后一句可知：这些欺辱弱小学生的学生本身也是受害者。因此，答案为D。【答案】D10Which of the following can be the BEST title of the text?ABullyingOld Problem Getting New AttentionB15YearOld Irish Girl Committed SuicideCCyberbullyingTaking off in SchoolsDHow to Find Bullying among Teens【解析】主旨大意题。既然文章为新闻报道，那么第一句话一般为导语，反映全文的主题，因此可得出答案。【答案】A11用30个词左右概括文章大意_【答案】Bullying，an old problem at school，has caused depression，anxiety and even death to students，which is getting new attention in the United States.111