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111人教新课标版高二必修五Unit 1 Great scientists期末知识梳理一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.painter 2.conclude 3.analyse 4.defeat 5.expert 6.attend 7.expose 8.cure 9.challenge 10.absorb 11.suspect 12.neighbourhood 13.blame 14.pollute 15.handle 16.announce 17.contribute 18.movement 19.backward 20.universe II.核心短语1.put_提出2.apart_除之外；此外3.make_讲得通，有意义4.draw a_得出结论5.link_.将和联系或连接起来6.be_with 对严格的7.make_for 为滕地方8.point of_态度，观点，看法9.slow_减速10.look_调查二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. conclude vi.终结； 结束; 推断； 决定典例1）The meeting concluded at ten oclock. 会议于十点钟结束。2）It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。重点用法 conclusion n. 结束,结论makedrawreachcome toarrive at a conclusion下结论，得出结论；bring sth. to a conclusion使结束；in conclusion作为结论，最后；2. attend v. 1)注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with2) 出席；到场： 3)照看；照料：=take care; look after典例 1）Well attend to the problem later 稍后我们将关注那个问题。2）Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病?重点用法 attendance n 出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料 attend school上学attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚礼/参加典礼3. expose vt.1)使暴露, 显露 2)曝光 3)揭露重点用法 exposure n(在日光、风雨、危险中)暴露，暴晒(后接to + n)；(摄影的)曝光be exposed to .置身于;暴露于 典例 1）A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐2）This film has been exposed. 这片子已经感光。3）He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。4）Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry我暴露在寒风中，觉得嘴唇干裂。5）As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中. 重点用法 be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于;absorb ones attention吸引某人注意力典例1）The equipment can absorb moisture from the air这一设备能从空中吸收水分2）He is absorbed in study. 他专心读书。3）This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。5. blame vt责备；谴责；归咎于；n责怪；(过失、过错等)责任典例1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday 那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。2) Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责?3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure学生因失败而怪老师。重点用法blame sbfor(doing)sth 因(做)某事而指责某人blame sthon sb 因某事而指责某人sbbe to blame for(doing)sth 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意: be to blame 应负责 (无被动形式)。 典例 1）Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year. 刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课.2）The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans. in English这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.3）He was instructed when to start through the email. 他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知4）He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。重点用法instruct sb.( in sth.) 教, 教导,传授技能instruct sb. to do; instruct wh-命令, 指示,instruct that-clause通知 典例1）He contributed to the church他向教会捐款。2）He often contributes to this newspaper他经常向这家报社投稿。3）Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。重点用法 contribution. n. 捐献，贡献；投稿 contributeto 向捐献(投稿) contribute to促成，起作用，有助于 make a contribution totowards向捐赠；对作出贡献注意: 以上短语中to为介词； II.重点词组 1put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名典例 1）He put forward a new plan yesterday他昨天提出一个新计划。2）May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员会主席?短语归纳 put on穿上；增加 put on performances演出 put an end to结束；终止 put off推迟；延期； put ones heart into全神贯注于 put down写下 put out生产；扑灭 put back放回；送回 put up举起；张贴 典例1）Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。2）Apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit me姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。短语归纳 in addition to除之外(还有,包括在内) besides 除之外(还有,包括在内) except (for)除之外除之外(还有,不包括在内) except that 除了除之外(还有,不包括在内)典例 What he says makes sense他说的有道理。Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗?What you say is true in a sense你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。短语归纳make no sense讲不通；无意义 make sense of 了解,明白in a sense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上III.重点句型 1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去解释 every time可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”典例1）Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。2）Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。 2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚解释Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转解释with + 宾语+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等典例1）With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。三、语法突破过去分词作定语和表语分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征过去分词的定语和表语功能定语表“完成”或“被动”boiled water开水fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳selected apples 精选苹果spoken English英语口语iced beer冰镇啤酒cooked food熟食fried chips炸土豆条单个的过去分词作定语时，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句Near the window，there is a bookshelf filled with many books(=which is filled with many books).靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now.由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。表语当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%是被水覆盖的。(状态)I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.敲门声使我大为吃惊。(动作)【考题印证】1.（2012上海卷-36）The club, 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded【解析】A。考查非谓语动词作定语。首先，the club“俱乐部”和found“建立”之间应该是被动关系，所以排除B；再根据时间状语25years ago，排除表示将来的to be founded和表示正在进行的being founded，所以答案为A。2.（2012浙江卷-11） Its a such nice place, Mother said as she sat at the table_ for customs. A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reserving D. Reserved【解析】D。考查非谓语过去分词。reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。3.（2012山东-35）After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide【解析】B。考查过去分词作定语。句意为：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。【真题体验】1.（2011全国卷II,15）The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 2.（2011湖南卷,23）The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A selecting B to select C selected D having selected 3.（2010湖南卷）So far nobody has claimed the money in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered 4.（2010四川卷）A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 5.（2010北京卷）Im calling to enquire about the position in yesterdays China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 6.（2010福建卷）In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A. stickingB. stuckC. to be stuckD. to have stuck7.（2009四川卷）Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 8.（2009北京卷）For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 9.（2009上海卷）With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 10.（2009湖南卷）_ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten【答案解析】1.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词。句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。2.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词做定语的用法。句意为“人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。”select修饰players, 为被动关系，只有C选项表被动。故选C。3.【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money, 根据the money与discover的被动关系, 排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现” 的意思, 根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱” 可判断选A项。4.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词作定语。question与students 存在被动关系, question表示的动作也已完成, 故用过去分词。5.【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。the position肯定是被advertise, 此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised6.【解析】B。考查remain后接动词的用法。当它做系动词时, 后面接过去分词作表语。7.【解析】A。考查非谓语的用法。remain后可接adj, v-ing, v-ed和to be done 等多种形式做表语, 在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词, 所以正确答案为A。8.【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。早餐他只喝在自己农庄种植出来的新鲜水果的果汁。水果成熟了才会拿来做果汁, 因此用过去分词作后置定语, 表示已经完成及被动的意思。答案A。9.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词。句意为：有了政府的援助, 那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。affect该用过去分词affected作后置定语修饰those。答案C。10.【解析】B。句意为： 邮递员被咬了两次，除非我们看管好狗，否则他拒绝给我们投递信件。The postman与bite之间是被动和完成的关系，所以答案为:B。在这里，也可以用having been bitten的形式。 四、单元自测第一节 单项选择1.Our team was ahead during the first half, but we _ in the last ten minutes. A. were won B. were lost C. were beaten D. won2. Usually children are allowed to _ when they are six years old.A. attend schoolB. attend the schoolC. join schoolD. join the school3. Professor Hawking stepped into the office I knew that there was no hope.A. Unless B. Now thatC. Although D. The moment4. His failure in the experiment suggested that he _ his teachers proper instructions.A. should not have followed B. should not followC. mustnt have followed D. hadnt followed 5. I suggested that he _ telephone the manager before he decided.A. telephoned B. would telephone C. telephone D. had to telephone 6. Im terribly sorry that I failed to win the game. You are not _ for all you could do. A. to blame B. pleased C. right D. satisfied7. Yang Liwei was surrounded by the audience _ he stepped off the stage. A. until B. through C. now that D. immediately 8. Gathering clouds the coming stormA. declared B. turned out C. connected D. announced9. Seeing their son playing computer games all day, the parents dont know _ it.A. how to do B. what to do C. how to deal with D. how to do with 10. So hard _ in the past few months that he has made great progress in English. I can see that; only a few mistakes _ in the exam. A. has he worked; did he make B. he has worked; did he made C. he has worked; he made D. has he worked; he made11. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any _.A. value B. sense C. fun D. use12. Only by shouting at the top of his voice . A. he was able to make himself hear B. he was able to make himself heardC. was he able to make himself hear D. was he able to make himself heard13. Only after the second tower of the World Trade Centre did people know it was not an accident, but an attack of some kind. A. had hit B. did fall C. was hit D. was fallen14. Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, _ the neighbors and the house _ I used to be familiar with were gone.A. only finding; which B. only to find; thatC. only to find; whom D. found; that15. Its quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _ and his eyes _. A. closing; open B. closed; openedC. closing; opening D. closed; open第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had 1 a beautiful sports car in a dealers show-room, and 2 his father could well 3 it, he told him that was all he wanted. On the morning of his graduation day, his father called him into his own study and told him how 4 he was to have such a fine son. He handed his son a beautiful gift box. 5 but slightly disappointed, the young man 6the box and found a lovely leather-bound Bible圣经. 7, he raised his voice at his father and said, “ 8 all your money you give me a book?” and stormed out of the house, 9 the book in the study. He did not contact his father for a whole year10 one day he realized his father was very old and he should go back to see him. Before he could make the 11, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his 12to him. He flied back home with sadness and regret 13 his heart. When he 14his fathers important papers , he saw the still new Bible, 15 as he had left it oneyearago. He opened it and began to 16the pages. Suddenly, a car key 17 from an envelope taped behind the book. It had a tag (标签)with the dealers name, the 18dealer who had the sports car he had 19 . On the tag was thedate of his graduation, and the20:PAID IN FULL.1. A. expected B. enjoyed C. admired D. owned2. A. finding B. proving C. deciding D. knowing3. A. afford B. offer C. keep D. like4. A. encouraged B. comfortable C. proud D. moved5. A. Nervous B. Serious C. Careful D. Curious6. A. packed B. opened C. picked up D. put aside7. A. Angrily B. Eagerly C. Calmly D. anxiously8. A. At B. From C. With D. To9. A. tearing B. putting C. forgetting D. leaving10. A. until B. as C. before D. unless11. A. agreement B. arrangements C. plan D. dream12. A. possessions B. books C. money D. purchases13. A. took B.filled C. made D. damaged14. A.put through B. read through C. get through D. search through15. A. just B. only C. rather D. much16. A. clean B. read C. turn D. count17. A. lost B. came C. appeared D. dropped18. A. old B. same C. special D. new19 A. remembered B. desired C. found D. met20. A. words B. information C. messages D. card单元自测答案：第一节 15 CADDC 610 ADDCD 1115BDCBD第二节 15 CDACD 610 BACDA 1115 BABDA 1620 CDBBA 111
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