Unit 4《Making the News》学案5（人教版必修5）

111Unit 4 Making the news单元学案一. 本周内容：Unit 4 Making the news 制作新闻1. 重点单词短语用法讲解 2. 课文难点句解析二. 知识总结与归纳：单元内容简介：（一）主题：本单元中心话题是：制作新闻的基本程序；报纸和电视节目（二）本单元涉及到的语法现象：过去分词短语作宾语补足语三. 重点讲解与归纳：（一）重点单词与短语：1. Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you and if you are interested in photography, it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on. 你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你有可能集中精力去搞它。concentrate v.全神贯注，精神集中，专心致志；集中，集合；浓缩concentrate（sth. ）on sth. doing sth. 专心致志于某事做某事concentrated adj. 集中的，浓缩的 concentrated fire 集中火力concentrated food 浓缩食品 concentration n. 集中，专心We should concentrate all our efforts on improving education.我们应该致力于改进教育工作。Troops are concentrating south of the river.军队正向河的南边集结。My father is concentrating on fishing.我父亲正全神贯注地钓鱼。2. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. 同时，你还要根据被采访人所谈的话准备提出下一个问题。meanwhile adv当时，同时，在那当中；n.其时，其间meanwhile = meantime=at the same time in the meantime在此期间，同时注意：meanwhile不能作连词用，所以不能引导时间状语从句。The train will come in an hour. Meanwhile we can have lunch. 火车还有一个小时才到，在此期间我们可以吃午饭。Perhaps time would solve the problem；in the meantime they continued to remain excellent friends.或许时间会解决问题；在此期间，他们仍是好朋友。3. This is a trick of the trade.这就是我们职业的诀窍了。trade v. & n.（常与in，with连用）1）n. U贸易；商业2）n. C一笔生意；手艺；行业3）vt. & vi做生意；从事贸易do a trade in. 做买卖 trade sth. with sb. 与某人换取某物trade A for B 用A换取BIf you dont like your book, Ill trade with you.如果你不喜欢你那本书，我来跟你换一下。The old man traded his house for a car.这位老人用他的房子换了一辆汽车。Shoemaking is a useful trade.制鞋业是有用的行业。4. Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?你有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他的报道失实了呢？case是个多义词，主要用作名词，有时也作动词用。（1）用作可数名词主要表示情况，情形；事例；病例，病情；患者；案情，案件The case is different with her.她的情况不同。In all these cases complete cures have been made.所有这些病症都被完全治好。The worst cases were sent to hospital.最严重的病人被送进医院了。箱子，盒子，箧子，套子She put the typewriter back in its case.她把打字机放回机壳里。（2）语法术语“格”的意思，可作可数或不可数名词。（3）用作动词，表示“把装入箱（或盒等）内”。The goods have been cased up for transport. 货物已经装箱待运。（4）有关的词组：in case可用来引导从句，相当于“if（如果）”或“lest（免得，以防）”，但如果主句是一般将来时或祈使句。从句中的谓语动词要用一般现在时代替将来时（口语体）或“should加动词原形（虚拟语气）。”如果下雨，会议就会延期。（口语）The meeting will be put off, in case it should rain.如果下雨，会议就会延期。（书面语）注意：in case也可单独使用，位于句末。前面通常加上“just”，有时也可不加，可译为“以防万一”。It may rain；youd better take an umbrella （just）in case. 可能会下雨：你最好带把伞，以防万一。注意：in case引出的条件句表示的是一种“预防某种情况的出现”。如果条件句指的是一般的假设或条件的话，不用in case，须用连词。in case of表示“倘遇到的时候；以防，防备”，常与其搭配的词有：fire，rain，danger，difficulty，failure，absence，war，doubt等。Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把伞吧，以防下雨。in the case of表示“就而言，至于”。In the case of the entrance exam, I do not feel satisfactory.就入学考试而言，我感到不满意。We should make an exception in the case of Mr. Smith.至于史密斯先生，我们应该例外处理。in any case无论如何，不管怎样in no case在任何情况下都不，绝不5. gifted adj. 有才能的；有天赋的；悟性高的；聪颖的gift n. 礼物，赠品；才能，天赋have a gift for sth. doing ste有某方面 干某事的能力They are gifted children.他们是聪慧的儿童。Many thanks for the gifts you sent me on my birthday.多谢你们在我过生日时送给我的礼物。6. normal word order 正常语序normal adj. & n.1）adj.（1）作形容词用时，它可作“正常的，标准的”解。（2）它也可作“智力正常的，精神健全的”解。2）n.（1）作不可数名词时，指正常的状态、数量、程度等。return to normal恢复正常 above（below）normal高于（低于）标准（2）作可数名词，意为“法线，垂直线”。7. Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.因为这篇文章要用英文来写，所以周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员，请她对语言风格进行了润饰。polish v. & n.（1）v.polish可作及物动词，意为“磨光，擦亮”。to polish furniture漆光家具作不及物动词用，作“发亮，变光滑，变优美”解。（2）n. polish作名词，意为“生光泽之物；油漆之物”。The polish of the furniture reflected our faces like a mirror.家具的光泽像镜子般地照出了我们的面孔。8. appointment n. 约会；职务，工作；任命1）用作可数名词（1）约会用于表示“约会”的含义时，有时也用作不可数名词，但常见于by appointment这一表示法：He will only see you by appointment.必须先约定，他才会见你。（2）职务、工作I hope I shall get a teaching appointment at the new school.我希望能获得那所新学校的教师职位。2）用作不可数名词，其意为“任命”For a time we hoped for the appointment of Robert. 有一段时间我们想任命罗伯特3）appointments （pl. ）设备（用复数形式，尤指煤气炉、浴盆等不易移动的东西）The rooms appointments were in Queen Anne style. 这间房间的陈设是安娜女王时代的式样。（二）易混词辨析：1. occupationprofessioncareer1）occupation（1）occupation用作名词，也可以指“工作；职业”。（2）occupation还可以指“使某人忙碌的事情；消遣”。（3）occupation还可以表示“居住；占据”的意思。一Whats your husbands occupation? 一He is a policeman.你丈夫的职业是什么?他是一个警察。Swimming and skating are my favourite occupations. 游泳和滑冰是我所喜爱的运动。Their occupation of the apartment lasted only for three months. 他们在这个公寓里只居住了三个月。2）profession（1）profession用作名词，指工作；（尤指受过专门训练的）职业。（2）与profession有关的词组：without profession 无职业 choose a profession 选择一种职业enter a profession 开始从事某种职业He is a surgeon by profession. 他的职业是外科医生。3）career （1）用作名词（C），表示“职业；专业”的意思。（2）还可以表示“生涯；经历”的意思。（3）（个人）的事业（C）。（4）可作定语。例如：a career woman 一位职业女性2. accusecharge两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse指控，控诉，与介词of连用。charge可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes. 人类常把自己的不幸归咎于天。3. defendprotect guard1）defend指用武力或其他措施保护某人物在面临危险时不受损害。It is the duty of every Chinese citizen to defend motherland. 2）protect指利用各种安全措施使其不受损害：Clothes protect us from cold3）防止可能遇到的攻击或侵害。Two big dogs guard the farm. 4. normalstandardregularordinaryusualcommon1）normal指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。2）standard 指公认为决定事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则。3）regular 指已有模式、有规律或定期的。4）ordinary 强调一般性和普通性，含不突出的意味。5）usual 通常与人的行为习惯有关，含义为“惯常的，通常的”。6）common “普通的”，“平常的”，“共有的”，指从质量或品德上无特殊、显眼或杰出之处，因而是大多数人或事物所具有的、常见的。5. accurate/ correct/exact1）accurate的意思是“准确的、精确的”。它不仅表示没有错误，而且表示细心谨慎地做到符合标准、符合事实、无出入。2）correct 的意思是“正确的”，指按照一定的标准或规则没有错误。在这三个词中，它的语意最弱。3）exact的意思是“精确的、确切的”，强调完全符合标准，符合事实或真相，丝毫没有差错。在这三个词中。它的语意最强。Is this watch accurate?这只表走得准吗?His answer is correct. 他的回答是正确的。The figures are not accurate. 这些数字不精确。6. mainmajorchief（1）main意为“主要的，重要的”，通常用来修饰物。（2）major“重要的，主要的”，修饰人或物，修饰人时尤指权利、地位较高的人。（3）chief“主要的，最重要的”，指职位、职称（最高的）级别。My main concern is the welfare of the children.我最关心的是儿童的福利。We have encountered major problems. 我们遇到大问题了。（三）难句分析：1. Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you and if you are interested in photography, it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on. 你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你有可能集中精力去搞它。2. Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?你有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他的报道失实了呢？3. Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.因为这篇文章要用英文来写，所以周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员，请她对语言风格进行了润饰。（四）语法 Grammar 倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词提前，就叫倒装。如果把全部谓语放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。倒装结构通常用于下列场合：I. 全部倒装1. 用于there be句型。例如：There are many students in the classroom. 2. 用于“here（there，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如： Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Now comes your turn. Out went the children. 注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。例如： Here it is Here he comes. 3. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如： South of the city lies a big steel factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. 4. 表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。1）形容词+连系动词+主语Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests. 2）过去分词+连系动词+主语Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. 3）介词短语+be+主语Among the goods are Christmas trees，flowers，candles and toys. 5. 用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。例如：He has been to Beijing. So have I.Li Wei cant answer the question. Neither can I. 6. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。They arrived at a farmhouse，in front of which sat a small boy. Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. . 部分倒装1. 用于疑问句。例如：Do you speak English?2. 省略了if的条件句中，were，had或should可提到句首构成部分倒装。例如：Were I not so busy，I should go with you. Had he been here yesterday, he would have come to watch the football match. 3. 在so.that（如此以致于）句型中，若so.提至句首，则构成部分倒装。So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him. 4. 用于“形容词（或名词、动词）+as（though）”引导的让步状语从句中。例如：Pretty as she is，she is not clever. Try as he would，he might fail again. 注意：1）在as（though）引导的让步状语从句中，如果主语较长. 也可实行全部倒装。例如：Difficult as was the chemistry homework，it was finished in me. 2）如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。例如：Child as he was，he had to make a living. 5. 用于no sooner. than.，hardly.when和not until句型中，no sooner，hardly，not until置于句首时，句子倒装。例如：Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 6. 用于以never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little, often not only，not once等词开头的句子。例如：Never shall I do this again. Little did he know who the woman was. 7. 用于only开头的句子（only后面为副词、介词短语或句子）。例如：Only this afternoon did I finish the novel. Only in this way can you master English.如果only后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装，例如：Only Wang Ling knows this. 8. 如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装：例如：“Lets go，”said the man. 9. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子：例如：May you succeed!祝你成功!Long live the people!人民万岁！May you all be happy!祝你们幸福!111