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111Unit4 Attitudes towards Our Elders-grammar学案省略一 概述 省略是一种修辞,它的使用主要是为了避免重复,它不仅适用于书面语,而且在口语中更加明显.1 概念 为了表达简洁,或重点突出,常省去某个词,短语,甚至句子.这种形式就叫省略.He said he would pay a visit to the Great Wall the next week.He is only alive and healthy.当在英语中也有许多的固定省略结构,这种省略其实是一种约定的历史文化,我们不需将其补充完整,即使按照语法可以这样做,也没有必要.如:No pains, no gainsSeeing is believingOut of sight, out of mind2 省略的目的和遵循的原则省略有两个目的1语言简洁,结构紧凑.I wonder when and where to hold the meeting-Ill give you a necklace as a birthday gift-Really? but when? 2重点突出,目标明确Will you tell me by whom and for whom it was ordered ?-Who will be sent to carry out the plan?-Johnson它遵循的原则是不破坏结构或引起歧义They visiting and we will be visiting the Heaven Temple应改为 They are and we will be visiting the Heaven Temple二 省略句的应用简单句中的省略1 主语的省略1第一人称省略 hope to see you again2第二人称在祈使句中的省略Go and see who it isDont open the widow, or you may catch a cold3第三人称的省略 Doesnt look wellPity he wont help2 动词的省略1助动词省略,多在口语中Hi,Tom, where you going?2主动词省略.Mary doesnt speak French, but Jim does.Tom can speak English, and so can Lucy.-Jim has passed the exam-So he has and so have you3系动词省略you hungry?4There be 句型的省略 ought to be nobody in the classroomAnything I can do for you?5在独立主格结构中being ;having been 的省略,一般只适用于其后是介词或短语,如果是名词不省略The meeting over, they went homeBook in hand, he entered the room.It being sunday, we didt go to school.6不定式 to 后动词的省略。这类动词有expect,like ,wish,hope,prefer;love;intend,mean,refuse等-Would you like to attend the party?-Id like to另外，在have to;need to ought to;be going to;used to后也省略主动词I dont like to stay up late,but I used toI dont want to meet the man,but I had to从句中的省略1 定语从句中的省略1作宾语的关系代词which;that;whom的省略Do you know the girl I talked to just now?Have you seen the bikeI bought from Tom?如果定语从句中的动词后的介词，放到关系代词前，那么关系代词不能省略。2作状语的关系副词when/where/why的省略That was the last time I met him2 状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be.1连词+ppHe did the work as well as expectedI wont attend the party even if invited2连词when;while;though+doingI came across him when crossing on the street.Though working in such poor conditions ,he still finished the work on time.3连词+名词Once a thief,he works as a policeman now.4连词+形容词If necessary, please apologize to her5连词+介词短语While in England, he learned a foreign language.另外，我们也可以用so; not 替代上文中的内容，此时常用if so/notWork hard around the clock. If so, you will succeed.You should finish the work on time. If not, you will be punished在某些形容词glad; ready; pleased ;happy 等后。-Will you carry out the plan?-Im glad to假如语境中有表示时态的have, have been,和be，常在答句中表现出来。-why havent you attended the lecture ?-Id like to have, but it rained heavily练习：1. Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him_. Anot to Bnot to do Cnot to it Ddo not to 2. Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?_.AI believe not BI believe not so CI dont believe it DI dont believe 3. What do you thing made the girl so glad?_a beautiful necklace.AAs she received BReceivingCReceived DBecause of receiving 4. Father advised me not to say anything until_ _at the meeting.Aasking Bto ask Casked Dask 5. Have you watered the flowers?No, but_.AI am BIm going CIm just going to DI will go 6. He hasnt gone to the office up to now.Well, he_.Ashould Bought to Cought to go Dought to have 7. The war is very likely to break out in the near future.I_ if the situation goes as it is.Ahope so Bhope not Cam afraid not Dam afraid so 8. You ought to have given them some advice._,but who cared what I said?ASo ought you BSo I ought CSo I did DSo did you 9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _whether he was going in the right direction. Aseeing Bhaving seen Cto see Dto have sen 10. _he come, the problem would be settled. AWould BShould CShall DIf 11. Can I see you at 3:00 pm next Monday?I_. I will have flown to New York long before then.Aam afraid not Bam afraid so Cam afraid to Dam afraid not to 12. Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to borrow_.Yes, it is.Athis Bit Cone Dthe one 13. _, I will help you with your work. AIf I am possible BIf it possible CIf possible DPossible 14. How are you getting on with your work?Oh, Im sorry. Things arent going so well as_.Aplans Bplanning Cplanned Dto plan 15. Are you a volunteer now?No, but I_. I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year,Aused to Bused to be Cused to do Dwas used to答案与解析：1A 不定式作宾语补足语时，其后的内容常被省略，只保留不定式符号to。2A3B Receiving a beautiful necklace后面省略了前文中的made the girl so glad。4C 状语从句中省略了I was。5C6D 承前省略的不定式后有助动词have时，不定式等号to后要保留have。7D8C9C as if to see是as if he was going to see的活力说法。10B 此处是对将来情况的假设。虚拟条件句的谓语部分有should, had或were时，可把if省去，而把should, had或were放在从句的主语之前，构成主谓部分倒装。11A12B13C If possible是If it is possible的活力说法。14C15B111
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