英语：Module3《My First Ride on a Train》教案（1）（外研版必修1）

111 英语：Module3My First Ride on a Train教案（1）（外研版必修1）【模块导航】Background：AustraliaAustralia，the largest country in Oceania，lies on the south coast of the Pacific.It covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers.It has a population of over 10 million.Most of its people live in the east of the country by the sea.Mountain ranges run from north to south along the east coast，reaching their highest point in Mount Kosciusko.The Great Barrier Reef，extending about 2,000 km，lies along the northeast coast.The island of Tasmania is off the southeast coast.Canberra，the capital of Australia，is a beautiful city.Sydney is the biggest city in Australia，which has many places of interest.The Opera House is wellknown all over the world.Sydney Opera House is the busiest performing arts center in the world，averaging some 3,000 events a year with audiences totalling some two million，operating 24 hours a day，every day of the year except Christmas Day and Good Friday.Questions：1Which city in Australia is the capital city?答案Canberra.2Where do the Australians live?答案In the east of the country by the sea.Section OneIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary.Leadin和同桌/组讨论并完成下列问题。1How do you travel around most frequently?2How many means of transport do you know？List them，then fill in the following form.答案KindMeansOf transportRailsWaterAirRoadstramsferrieshelicopterstaxistrainsplanesbicyclesmotorbikesbuses.Fast reading.Careful readingChoose the best answers.1We traveled from to .ASydney；GhanBAustralia；Alice SpringsCSydney；AfghanistanDSydney；Alice Springs答案D2During the ride，we found the part of the journey was desert.Afirst BsecondClast Dfirst few答案B3In 1925， .Atrained camels carried food and other suppliesBthe government built a new railway lineCthe government passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problemDthe police in a town shot 153 camels in one day答案C4On the whole， .Athe writer enjoyed his first ride on a longdistance trainBthe writer showed no interest in the trip at allCthe writer didnt tell us anything about the tripDthe writer didnt want to travel at all答案A5The last paragraph of “My First Ride on a Train” mainly tells us .Ait was since the 1920s that the Afghans began to use camelsBpeople had no rights to kill the camelsCthere were few camels left at that timeDcamels had been a very serious problem答案D6From the passage “My First Ride on a Train”，we can know .Athe scenery along the railway was unchangeableBAustralians used camels from Afghanistan for meatChorses were better for travelling a long distanceDthe conditions for transport were very hard for Australians in the past答案D.重点单词1.distance n.距离distant adj.遥远的2.abandoned adj.被遗弃的abandon vt.遗弃，丢弃3.desert n.沙漠;vt.抛弃4.midnight n.半夜nightmare n. 噩梦5.product n.产品produce v.生产6.scenery n.风景,景色scene n.场面，场景7.shoot vt.射杀shot (过去式)shot (过去分词)8.journey n.旅程journal n.日记;期刊9.train vt.训练trainer n.教练trainee n.受训者.重点短语1.in the air 在空中;悬而未决on the air 播送2.refer to 指的是;提到refer to.as.把称为3.more than 多于;不仅仅;非常not more than 至多，不超过4.take off (飞机)起飞;脱下take on 呈现;雇用take in 吸入;欺骗5.look like看起来像look after 照顾look up to尊敬;敬仰6.be short for.是的缩写be short of 缺少7.not .any more/longer 不再no more/longer 不再8.pass a law 通过一项法律break the law 违法9.in the distance在远处at/from a distance离一段距离；从远处10on the coast of在海岸线上.和同桌讨论下列长难句，并尝试翻译成汉语1We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs，right in the middle of Australia，more than four thousand kilometres away.句式分析：句中的and连接两个并列句。其中get on意思是“上(车)”，get off意思是“下(车)”，in the middle of意思是“在的中部”；句中的right in the middle of Australia和more than four hundred kilometres away都作状语表示地点。翻译：我们在悉尼上车，在澳大利亚中部的艾丽斯斯普林斯下车，行程4千多公里。2The sun shone，there was no wind and there were no clouds in the sky.句式分析：本句中的动词都用的是一般过去式，而且应该注意的是主谓一致，即：在there be结构中，be动词的数和其后的名词一致，所以no wind用was(单数)谓语，no clouds用were(复数)谓语。翻译：太阳当空高照，天空无风也无云。3Camels were much better than horses for travelling a long distance.句式分析：本句是一个比较结构的句子。其中much修饰比较级better；而我们平时用到的very，fairly，quite等词则不能用来修饰比较级。much better than意思是“比好得多”；travel a long distance的意思是“行走很长的距离”。翻译：骆驼比马更适合长途跋涉。4In 1925，they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.句式分析：本句是一个复合句。which引导的是定语从句修饰先行词law，if引导的是条件状语从句。pass a law意思是“通过一项法律”；allow sb. to do sth.意思是“允许某人做某事”。翻译：1925年，他们通过了一项法律：如果这些动物对于人们构成问题的话，允许人们射杀他们。.根据课文内容，尝试填空Recently I had my first ride 1.on a longdistance train.And 2.what a ride！We got on in Sydney and we got 3.off in Alice Springs，more than four thousand kilometres 4.away.We 5.spent two days and nights on the train.We ate great meals 6.cooked by experts！We saw 7.abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.The train was comfortable and the people were nice.The train is 8.called the Ghan，9.which is short 10.for Afghanistan.Language Points1. Some of the verbs can refer to more than one means of transport.有些动词可以指不止一种交通方式。means n方法，手段；工具(单复数相同)There is no means of finding out what happened.无法搞清楚到底发生了什么事。There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication.毫无疑问，收音机和电视是信息交流的重要工具。means of transport 交通方式by all means 一定，务必by any means 无论如何by means of 用，依靠by no means 决不，一点也不by this means 通过这种方式Every possible means been tried，and we find only this means can we do it well.Ahave；in Bhave；by Chas；in Dhas；by答案D解析其余几项均容易被误选。这里主要涉及名词means(方式，方法，手段)的用法与搭配；means单复数同形。every means意思是“每一个方法”故谓语动词应为单数；“通过某种方式”，介词用by。故选项中只有D项正确。2. take off (飞机)起飞；匆匆离去；脱下(衣服)；(事业)腾飞The plane took off on time.飞机按时起飞。He took off for the station at a run.他匆匆向车站奔去。(take offleave)He took off his coat as soon as he entered his room.一到他的房间他就脱下了大衣。Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.她在电视上亮相后，歌唱事业迅速腾飞。take after 长得像；追赶take sb.around 领某人参观take away 运走，清理take back 取回，带回；取消take.for 把当作，误认为take down 拿下；写下；拆毁take on 雇用；承担；呈现take over 接管take up 拿起；占据；开始Internet shopping will really when people make sure that it is safe.Atake off Btake upCset off Dset up答案A解析句意为：当人们确保网上购物安全时，它才能真正地兴盛起来。这里要用take off表示“兴起，腾飞”。take up占据；从事；set off出发；引起；set up建立。3. Where do you think most of the people live，in the central part of the country or on the coast？你认为大多数人生活在哪里，是在国家的中部还是在沿海？句子中的句型是一种复杂的特殊疑问句。其结构是：特殊疑问词do you think陈述句结构。从语法角度讲，do you think是插入语。无论疑问词在句中作什么成分，特殊疑问句都用陈述语序。用于以上句型的动词除think外，常见的还有believe，consider，suppose，imagine，guess和suggest等。Who do you think is the best person for this post?你认为谁是这个岗位的最佳人选？Who do you suggest (should) be sent to go abroad for further study?你主张应该派谁去出国深造？ do you think will teach us Math next term?Miss Dong，I think.AWhom BWhat CWho DWhose答案C解析do you think为插入语，who作疑问句的主语。4.And what a ride！那是多棒的旅程啊！本句是一个省略了主语和谓语的感叹句，完整的句子应为：And what a ride it was！感叹句常用来表达说话者的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪。英语中的感叹句通常用what和how引导，常用句型如下：(1)what式感叹句：What a tall man (Yao Ming is)!(姚明是)多么高的一个人啊！What beautiful flowers (they are)!(它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！What fun it is to travel around China!在中国旅游是多么开心的事啊！(2)how式感叹句：How tall a man Yao Ming is!姚明真高啊！How clever the boy is!这个男孩多么聪明啊！How fast Liu Xiang runs!刘翔跑得真快啊！How time flies!时间过得真快啊！用what或how填空(1)What pretty girls they are!(2)How fast he speaks!(3)How heavy a stone it is!(4)What a nice voice she has!5. We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs，right in the middle of Australia，more than four thousand kilometres away.我们在悉尼上车，在四千多公里远的位于澳大利亚中部的艾丽斯斯普林斯下车。get on/off上/下(车、船)等Please be careful when getting on or off the bus.上下公共汽车的时候请小心。The bus started before he got on it.他还没上车，汽车就启动了。get rid of除掉；摆脱get sb.to do sth.让某人干某事get around传播get down to开始认真(干某事)(to为介词)get through通过；做完，看完get on/along with进行，进展；与相处get donebe done被get over克服(困难)；从(疾病、损失等)中恢复过来get in收(庄稼)；请大夫get into进入；渗透进get together聚会，碰头get get (1)I wont the bus before it .Aget on；will stop Bget into；will stopCget on；has stopped Dget into；has stopped答案C解析大型交通工具用get on/off；时间、条件状语从句中用现在时，或现在完成时表示将来。(2)Hardly could he this amount of work in such a short time.Aget through Bget offCget into Dget down答案A解析get through完成，通过；get off下来；脱下；get into进入；渗透进；get down写下，下来；降落。根据句意，A项正确。6. We ate great meals cooked by experts！我们吃的是由烹饪大师们做的美味饭菜！cooked by experts为过去分词短语在句中作定语。分词在句中作定语，看分词与所修饰名词或代词之间的关系：主动用现在分词；被动则用过去分词。The boy standing there is my brother.站在那边的这个男孩是我弟弟。(stand与the boy之间为主动关系)Have you finished the exercises given by Professor Li?你完成了李教授安排的练习了吗？(give与exercises之间为被动关系)过去分词短语作定语置于被修饰词之后，而单独的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前。We saw abandoned farms which were built more than 100 years ago.我们看到了一些建于100多年前的被遗弃的农场。Trained camels carried food and other supplies.受过训练的骆驼运载食物和其他供应物资。Were worried about the polluted river.我们为这条受到污染的河流而担心。There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.Aadd Bto add Cadding Dadded答案D解析add为及物动词，即：add sth.to sth.。本题中应为add several new events to the program。因此add与new events之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。7. For the first few hundred kilometres of the journey，the scenery was very colourful.前几百公里的旅程，景色美不胜收。scenery n. U 布景，风景，景色Guilin is famous for its beautiful scenery.桂林以风景优美而闻名。She enjoys mountain scenery.她喜欢山景。The region is remarkable for its scenery.这地区以其风景著称。scenery，scene，view，sight(1)scenery是不可数名词，是自然景色的总称，常用来描述静态的、美丽的乡村景色。As one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges，the scenery is marvelous.坐船游览长江三峡的时候，两岸的风景美不胜收。(2)scene指展现在眼前的情景，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。There were horrible scenes after the earthquake occurred.地震发生后到处是悲惨的景象。(3)view是可数名词，意为“风景，景色”；表示从某处可看到的scenery的一部分，侧重指能够看到的部分，即所见之景。常构成get/have/offer a view of.或there is a view of.搭配。此外，view还可表示“观点，看法；视野”等。The mountain hotel offered magnificent views.从山间旅馆可以看到壮丽的景观。(4)sight表示某一地区值得观看的建筑物、胜地、特色等，常用作复数。We have seen the historical sights of London. 我们游览了伦敦的名胜古迹。用scenery，scene，view或sight的适当形式填空(1)Shangrila attracts tens of thousands of visitors by its beautiful natural scenery.(2)There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel window.(3)The Imperial Palace is one of the sights of China.(4)The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene.(5)We passed through some beautiful sights on our journey through this district.8. Suddenly，it looked like a place from another time.突然，我们好像来到了一个来自另一个时代的一处地方。look like看起来像；好像要(like为介词)The girl does look like her mother.这个女孩的确长得很像她的妈妈。What does your friend look like?你朋友长得什么样？It looks like being a nice day.看样子是个好天气。look forward to盼望，期望look in拜访；朝里面看look into调查，研究look on旁观；认为look down轻视，瞧不起look out小心，当心；朝外看look out for留心；期待；物色look over校阅；仔细检查look through看穿；浏览；仔细研究look up向上看；查找look upon.aslook on.as把看作(全国高考)“Goodbye，then，”she said，without even from her book.Alooking down Blooking upClooking away Dlooking on答案B解析本题考查动词词组。look down轻视；look up仰视；look on旁观，由句意可知B项正确。without even looking up from her book甚至于没有放下书抬眼看看。9. We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.我们看到一些建于100多年前被遗弃的农场。abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的They are going to dive into the sea to see the abandoned sank ship.他们打算潜入海洋去看看那只被遗弃的沉船。The old man lived in an abandoned house.老人住在一座被遗弃的房子里。abandon vt.抛弃(sb.)；遗弃(desert)；放弃(give up)He abandoned his wife and children.他抛弃了妻子和孩子。abandon the sinking ship离弃正在下沉的船只He abandoned the plan/idea.他放弃了这个计划/主意。For miles and miles along the road we could see nothing but clothes and furniture which were too heavy for the villagers to carry.Aabandoning BabandonedCabandon Dto abandon答案B解析由句意“沿路是被抛弃的衣服和家具”知B项正确。10. Ghan is short for Afghanistan.Ghan是阿富汗的缩写。be short for是缩写/简称WHO is short for World Health Organization.WHO是世界卫生组织的缩写。UN is short for the United Nations.UN是联合国的缩写。be short of 缺乏，缺少go short (of) 欠缺，缺少cut.short使中断，打断，阻止run short 不足，短缺in short 简言之，总之for short缩写，简称(1)总而言之，我们要有准备。In short，we must be prepared.(2)这个学校缺少老师。The school is short of teachers.(3)Antony简称“Tony”Antony is called “Tony” for short.(4)这场雨使球赛中断了。The rain cut short the ball game.11. For many years，trained camels carried food and other supplies，and returned with wool and other products.多年来，受过训练的骆驼载着食物和其他供应物资出去，带回羊毛和其他产品。supply n供应，供给；v.供给，供应；满足；补充The water supply here is good.这里供水情况很好。Supplies of food and clothing were sent to the earthquake areas.大量的衣食供应品被送到地震灾区。The government supplies free books to/for schools.The government supplies schools with free books.政府为学校提供免费的课本。supply sb.with sth.向某人提供某物supply sth.to/for sb.供给某人某物in short supply供应不足have a good/large supply of.备有许多water supply供水medical supplies医疗供应品(1)supply后不接双宾语。They supplied the homeless children food and clothing.()They supplied the homeless children with food and clothing.()They supplied food and clothing to the homeless children.()他们给无家可归的儿童提供衣食。(2)supply作名词时，其复数形式为supplies，指“日用品、生活必需品、补给品等”。Our supplies were running out.我们的补给品快用完了。A plane carrying food and medical supplies for refugees crashed yesterday.昨天，一架为难民运送食物和医疗用品的飞机坠毁了。Its hard to the demand for more and better houses.Aoffer Bsupply Cneed Dprovide答案B解析supply在本句中是“满足”之意。product n产品，产物We have to find the right product for the market.我们必须找出适合市场的产品。Coffee is Brazils main product.咖啡是巴西的主要产品。product，production，produce(1)product作“产品”讲时，为可数名词。(2)production意为“产量，生产”，为不可数名词，其动词形式为produce。(3)produce作为动词，意为“生产，制作；培养”；作为名词时，意为“农产品”是不可数名词。用product，produce或production的适当形式填空(1)The factory has made more cars this yearthere has been an increase in production.(2)My cousin sells her farm produce on the market.(3)Petrol is the most important product of many MiddleEast countries.(4)This new theatre is becoming known for its good production.12. Then the government built a new railway line，so they didnt need the camels any more.后来政府修建了一条新铁路，因此他们不再需要骆驼了。not.any more不再He still drank，but he didnt smoke any more.他仍喝酒，但不抽烟了。Her father died，and after that she didnt go to school any more.她的父亲去世了，此后她就不再上学了。not.any more，not.any longer(1)not.any moreno more表示动作的不再重复出现，故可以和瞬间动作动词连用。Ever since then，such accidents have no more appeared.从那以来，类似的事故不再出现了。(2)not.any longerno longer表示动作的不再延续，它必须和表示持续意义的动词一起使用。They will not talk with each other any longer.他们不再谈下去了。(1)Given some sweets，the little girl .Acouldnt cry any moreBno more cryCdidnt cry any moreDno longer cry答案C解析此处陈述过去的事实，不再用情态动词，排除A；B、D时态不对。(2)Will you give this message to Mr.White，please?Sorry，I cant.Because he .Adoesnt any more work hereBdoesnt any longer here workCdoesnt work any more hereDdoesnt work here any longer答案D解析not.any longer (no longer)一般与持续意义动词连用；not.any more (no more)一般与瞬间的动词连用。13. In 1925，they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals.1925年，他们通过了一项法律允许人们射杀这些动物。allow v允许，准许We dont allow making noise here，so you should keep quiet.我们不允许在这里弄出噪音，因此请你保持安静。The nurse allowed him to stay in hospital for another two days.那个护士准许他在医院里再住两天。allow for.顾及/考虑到allow名词或代词allow doing sth.允许做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事sb.be allowed to do sth.某人被允许做某事注意：allow 后若直接跟动词应跟动名词形式，若有sb.作宾语，则sb.后接不定式，但其被动形式应给予注意，仍为被动。同样用法的词还有：permit，forbid，advise等。People are not allowed to smoke in the reading room.They do not allow people to smoke in the reading room.They do not allow smoking in the reading room.他们不允许在阅览室里吸烟。(全国高考)Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself，but her parents did not her to do so.Aforbid Ballow Cfollow Dask答案B解析句意为：玛丽想独自环球旅行，但是她父母不允许她这样做。因此答案为B项。shoot vt.射击；射中；射死；vi.射击(shoot，shot，shot)He shot at a bird，but he missed it.他向一只鸟开枪，但没有射中。The man was shot in the leg.这个人被射中腿部。His dog was shot dead by the man.他的狗被那个人打死了。shoot，shoot at(1)shoot sth.射中某物，强调射的结果。The hunter shot the deer.猎人射中了那只鹿。(2)shoot at sth.朝射去，但并不一定射中。The hunter shot at the deer，but he missed it.猎人朝那只鹿射去，但是没有射中。 He the bird in the sky，but he missed it.Ashot；flying Bshot；flewCshot at；flying Dshot at；flew答案C解析shoot at.朝射去；shoot.射中，击中。从missed可知用shoot at；第二空现在分词短语作定语，表示主动。我第一次乘火车我叫埃里斯汤姆逊。我是澳大利亚悉尼市人，今年18岁。最近我第一次乘坐了长途火车。(那是)多棒的旅程啊！我和一位朋友是乘坐著名的Ghan Train(阿富汗火车)旅行的。我们在悉尼上车，在四千多公里远的位于澳大利亚中部的艾里斯斯普林斯下车。我们在火车上度过了两天两夜。火车非常好，食物也很丰盛。我们吃的是由烹饪大师们做的美味饭菜！旅程的前几百公里沿途景色丰富多彩。有一片片的原野，土壤都是暗红色的。此后，来到了沙漠地区。太阳当空照耀，天空无风也无云。突然，我们好像来到了一个来自另一个时代的一处地方。我们看到一些建于100多年前的被遗弃的农场。火车很舒适，人们也非常好。在白天，我坐在车里向窗外看，有时与其他乘客说说话。我还读书，听我的汉语录音磁带(我正在学校里学汉语)。有一天晚上，大约午夜时分，我注视着夜空大约1个小时。星星像钻石一样闪闪发亮。为什么火车被叫做阿富汗呢？很久以前，澳大利亚人需要找到一个去中部的方法。他们试着骑马，但是马不适合炎热的天气和沙地。150年前，他们从阿富汗引入一些骆驼。Ghan是Afghanistan(阿富汗)的缩写。骆驼比马更适合长途跋涉。多年来，受过训练的骆驼载着食物和其他供应物资到中部去，运回羊毛和其他产品。阿富汗人和他们的骆驼从事运输工作一直到20世纪20年代，后来政府建了一条新铁路线，因此他们不再需要骆驼了。1925年，他们通过了一项法律：如果骆驼对于人们构成问题的话，人们可以射杀这些动物。1935年，一个小镇上的警察一天就射杀了153头骆驼。Section TwoGrammarThe ed form & Past tense time expressions一、过去分词作定语1过去分词作定语一般表示动作完成或被动的含义：及物动词的过去分词，既表示完成也表示被动；不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。2及物动词的过去分词作定语，与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系，相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，相当于一个主动的用完成时态的句子。We saw abandoned farms on the way.We saw farms that had been abandoned on the way.我们在路上看到了废弃的农场。3过去分词作定语的位置单个过去分词以及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前作前置定语；过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。注意：(1)有些单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。如：left (剩下的，剩余的)，given (所给的)，concerned (有关的)There is only a little food left.只剩下一点点食品了。(2)过去分词由some，any，no与body，thing，one构成的合成不定代词以及those修饰时，放在这些词后面，作后置定语。Nothing reported in the newspaper interested him.报纸上没有什么报道引起他的兴趣。4过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别：过去分词(短语)作定语表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前，及物动词的过去分词还表示与被修饰词之间为被动关系；现在分词(短语)作定语表示动作正在进行或与谓语同时发生，与被修饰词之间为主动关系(即主谓关系)。Have you read the books written by Han Han?你读过韩寒写的书吗？二、过去时间的表达法1表示过去的时间状语有a moment ago，yesterday，last week，three days ago，in 2008等，以及时间状语从句。它们所表示的过去时间与现在时间没有联系，因此它们所表示的动作或状态要有现在不复存在的含义。The old man lived in China for ten years.这个老人曾在中国住过十年。(含义：他现在不在中国，“在中国”是过去一段时间的事。)2有的时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于现在完成时，但表达的意义不同。(1)在一般过去时中，today/this week指的是过去的某个时间。I didnt see Li Hong today/this week.我今天/这周没看到李红。该句的意思可能为：I usually see her at breakfast on Mondays，but today/this week I didnt.(2)在现在完成时中，today/this week所指的时间并没结束，仍为现在。I havent seen Li Hong today/this week.我今天/这周没看到李红。Section ThreeFunction；Vocabulary；Reading and Speaking；Listening；Writing；Pronunciation & Everyday EnglishLanguage Points1. pardon v. & n.原谅，宽恕Please pardon me for waking you.请原谅我吵醒了你。Pardon meI didnt hear what you said.对不起，我没听见你说的话。Beg pardon，I didnt quite catch your meaning.对不起，我没听清楚你的意思。pardon sb.for sth.(pardon sb.sth.)原谅某人做某事ask for pardon请求原谅Pardon me！请原谅！I beg your pardon./Beg pardon./Pardon.请原谅；对不起，我没听清楚，请再说一遍。forgive，excuse，pardon(1)forgive 有较强的感情色彩，指宽恕某种错误或犯罪行为，常用于个人对个人的关系方面，不仅表示放弃惩罚，而且还可消除怨恨，强调主观上的宽恕。He forgave her the wrongs she had done on him.她冤枉了他，但他原谅了她。(2)excuse指原谅某人的小过失或疏忽。常用来客气地打断某人的话，或引起某人的注意。Excuse me for my being late.请原谅我迟到了。(3)pardon指饶恕严重的过失，尤其指法律上或道德上的错；也可以