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111Grammar 定语从句复习一、关系代词的基本用法(1) that 的用法即指人也指物，作主语，宾语。在定语从句中，作_ 可以省略。She is the girl that you want to know. (宾语，指人)Do you like the book that you borrowed yesterday? (_,_)This is the factory that produces cars. (_,_)(2) which 的用法指物，作主语，宾语，作_可以省略。The southern Great Wall is a place which is famous . (_,_)The building which they are building will be finished next week. (_,_)(3) who 的用法指人，作主语，宾语，作宾语可以省略。My friend is a teacher who is wise.(4) whom 的用法指人，作宾语，可以省略，还可以用who 和that代替。Linda is the student whom I gave the book.(5) whose 的用法 即指人也指物，作定语，指人相当于of whom; 指物相当于of which.Bill Gates is a businessman whose wealth ranks first in the world.Im painting a house, the roof _ is round.=Im painting a house whose roof is round.They live in a house ,_ windows face south.=They live in a house, the windows_ face south. (6) as 的用法1)即指人也指物，作主语，宾语。常用在the sameas; suchas; asas；as we all know,句型中。2)as翻译为“正如”,可以指代整个句子，放在句首和句中。I want to have such a computer as he has.Ill buy the same dictionary as you have.Yao Ming, as you know, is an excellent basketball player.Allen has made much progress in English, as/which delighted us.练习：who/whom/that/which/whose/as1. The earthquake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. 4. The boy wanted to have the same books _ she had. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake .6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our teacher .二、关系副词的用法关系副词 功能时间when(at/in/on which）时间状语地点where (in/at which)地点状语原因why(for which)原因状语即使先行词是时间地点原因,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.而when, where, why在定语从句中作状语。 October 1,1949 is the day_ China is founded. October 1,1949 is the day _ we will never forget. This was the village _ we first meet. He got to the village _ his father once visited. I dont know the reason _ he was refused. I didnt accept the reason _ he explained. I like to live in the village _ there is plenty of fresh air. This was the village _ we first reached.三、由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句结构是：指物“介词+which”； 指人“介词+whom”1. 介词来源A.与先行词的搭配关系on which ; during which; in which; by which; at which1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _most people had finished supper.5) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _most people were having supper.B. 与定语从句谓语动词的搭配1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book _ she often talks? 2. 介词的位置1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood. The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of wood.2) Is this the book which you are looking for?介词for不能与 look分开。常用的不可拆开的动词习语有： care for喜欢、关心 deal with处理、对付、处置、论述 get through渡过难关 hear fromofabout收到某人的来信听说 look forafter寻找照顾 send for派人去请 see to照顾、料理3. 注意点I bought a car yesterday the color of which is white.= I bought a car yesterday of which the color is white.= I bought a car yesterday _ color is white.练习：用介词关系代词填空1 The boy was staying in the room _window he could climb down.2. Hes the man _ I learnt the news.3. Whos the comrade _ you just shook hands.4. There are 52 students in our class, _ nearly 40 are League members.5. The old man always wears his glasses _he cant see anything.6. The key_ she was opening the door broke.7. The library _ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school.8. No one knew the reason _ she was leaving so early.四、定语从句注意点注意：1. 在下列情况下, 用that而不用which。A. 当先行词有“人”又有“物”时 They are talking about the factory，the leaders and the workers _they visited yesterday.B. 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, 等不定代词时。Dont throw away anything _may be of use.Ill do all_ I can to help you. C. 先行词为序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the first step _we should take. This is the most interesting film _Ive ever seen.D. 先行词被the very, the only，any, all , every, no, some, little, much等修饰词修饰时. Mary is the only girl _likes playing football.You are the very man_ can do the job well.Ive read all the books _are about this matter.E.当主句为 who或which引导的特殊疑问句时Who is the girl _is talking with your teacher?Which is the pencil _you used just now?注意：2. 在下列情况下, 用which而不用thatA. 介词后 This is the book _ she described his miserable life. B. 非限制性定语从句 The weather turned out to be fine, _ was a surprise. I wont tell them the news, _ makes them unhappy.注意：3.在下列情况下, 用who而不用that1. those/anyone/one/ones指人 Those _ dare to break the school rules will be punished.2.there be 结构，主语是人 There is a young man _ wants to see you at the school gate.注意：4. 主谓一致1.Those who _ to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. (want)2. He who _ the great wall is not a true man. (not reach)3. She is the only one of the girls who _ been to Beijing. (have)4. He is one of the boys who _ seen the film. (have)5. I , who _ your friend, will try my best to help you. (be)注意：5. that在定语从句中做宾语可以省略。1.The story he told was interesting.2.The book she bought it for me is wonderful. 注意: 避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的部分不可在从句中复现 The factory where he works there is a large one This is the factory which we visited it last Sunday. 注意: 特殊先行词 the way在定语从句中状语时，that/in which/ situation, position -in which; whereI dont like the way _he treated his parents.注意8: 定语从句和并列句的区别1. I have many friends，some of _ are businessmen(定语从句)2. I have many friends，of _ some are businessmen(_)3. I have many friends；some of _ are businessmen(_)4. I have many friends，and some of _ are businessmen.(_)5. Mr Li has three daughters, none of _ is an engineer. (_)6. Mr Li has three daughters, but none of _ is an engineer. (_)A. that B. whom C. which D. them注意 9：定语从句与同位语从句的区别1. The news _ he would come made us excited.2. The news _ he told us made us excited.3. We expressed the hope _ they had expressed.4. We expressed the hope _ they would come to China again.注意10：定语从句与强调句1. It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met John at the airport.2. It is the morning of May 1st _ I met John at the airport.3. It is in the factory _ John works.4. It is the factory _ John works.注意11：定语从句与地点状语从句1. He left the place _ he lived for many years. (_)2. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower. (_)注意12：定语从句与单句1. The mother told the lazy boy to work, _ didnt help.2. The mother told the lazy boy to work. _ didnt help.注意13：定语从句与习惯用语1. It is the first time _ she has been in shanghai.2. It was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life.五、定语从句常见错误1. 缺先行词Is this school that you visited last year? 2. 缺引导词Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.3. 成分重复This is the village that I lived in it years ago.I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.Some of the boys I invited them didnt come.4. 谓语单复数确定不当He is the only one of the students who know French.Those who has finished may go home.This is one of the rooms that is free now.Anyone who break the rules will be published.5. 关系代词不当This is the girl from which I learned the news.I still remember the day when we spent together.一、 改错1. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher.2. Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him? 3. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.4. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used. 5. The house that our company built it in 1970 stayed up in the earthquake.二、关系代词和关系副词的区别1. I still remember the day _ we spent in the forest.2. I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.3. The factory _ we will visit is large.4. The factory _ his father works is large.5. The reason _ he succeeded was that he was diligent. 6. The reason _ he explained for his success was that he was diligent.三、填相应的关系代词或关系副词：1. Is this the school _ you visited last year?Is this school _ you visited last year?2. He is one of the students who _ good at maths.(be)He is the only one of the students who _ good at maths.(be)3. The girl _ I think was honest lied to me.The girl _ I think to be honest lied to me.4. The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from _ you bought last month.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from _ you bought last month.5. Do you still remember the hotel _ we lived last summer holiday?Do you still remember the park _we visited last summer holiday?6. This is the room _ my grandmother used to lived in.This is the room _ my grandmother used to lived .7. He has two sons, and both of _ work as actors.He has two sons, both of _ work as actors.8.This is the house _ the window was broken yesterday.This is the house _window was broken yesterday.9.The reason _ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way. The reason _ he was late was that his car broke down on the way. 定语从句的练习整理：彭小英一、选择题01.You can only be sure of _you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.A. that；what B. what；/ C. which；that D. /；that02. I have never heard so strange a story _ he told us. A. that B. which C./ D. as03. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _was more than We could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that04. _is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What05. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that06. _ is mentioned above, tile number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. As B. It C. That D. What07. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that08. This is the very book _ I want to find. A. that B. which C. it D. with which09. All _ _is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which10. He owns a little shop which sells a lot of goods _ are necessary to the people _ are living nearby. A. which；who B. that；/ C. which；/ D. that；who11. The speaker mentioned some writers and some books _ were known to us. A. that B. which C. / D. who12. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. which B. / C. that D. it13. Who _ has common sense will believe such nonsense? A. that B. who C. which D. hut14. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ _ dont. A. who；/ B. /；who C. who；who D. /；/15. _ to take the English Evening course please fill in this form. A. Those who want B. Anyone wants C. Those that want D. People want16. He _ laughs last laughs longest. A./ B. who C. whom D. that17. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when18. Occasions are quite rare _I have the time to spend a day With my kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when19. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which20. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when21. I shall never forget those years _I lived in the country with my grandma, _ has a great effect on my life. A. that；which B. when；which C. which；that D. when；who22. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that23. I cant find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning? It was in his office _ he worked. A. where B. which C. that D. the one24. Now children like to go to the fast food restaurant, _as the name says, eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. that C. what D. where25. The reason _ she gives for not coming to the party is that her mother wont let her. A. what B. why C. as D. which26. This is the reason _ he is leaving now. A. as B. which C. why D. what27. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which28. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that29. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _five are mine. A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which30. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which31. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which32. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that33. A good ad often uses words _ people attach positive meanings. A. in which B. to which C. which D. that34. This is the small house less than 15 square meters, under _roof lives a large family of three generations. A. which B. that C. its D. whose35. The man _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom36. There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger one C. the larger of which D. the large37. There were dirty marks on her trousers _she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that38. The Science Museum, _we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where39. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p. m., _many people have gone home. A. whose time B. on which C. that D. by which time40. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been41. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten. A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well42. This is Mr. White, _I think has something interesting to tell you. A. which B. whom C. that D. who43. Helen is much more kind to her youngest child than to the others, _, of course, makes the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. she D. that44. Yesterday I went to a town, _ stands a huge monument. A. where B. that C. which D. there45. I dont like _ you solve such problems. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which46. It is the third time _I have come to China. A. when B. that C. in which D. which47. The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before48. Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes, there is one point _ we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. /49. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where50. In western society, the part _ church plays in peoples life is very important. A. where B. that C. when D. how51.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom52. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn53. She decided to write about Chaplin, one of _films she had seen several years before. A. whose B. whom C. which D. that54. His sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which55. I have many friends, _ some are teachers. A
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