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111Unit 5 nelson mandela a moder heroThe forth period ( grammarthe usage of to do difinitive)The analysis of teaching materials To do difinitive is one of non-predicate verbs, which are difficuult to master for students. So this class focuses on this part to make students to understand the importance of to do difinitive and how to use and make sentences by using it.The analysis of students Most of students are poor in enlish grammar, especially non-predicate verbs . however, non-predicate verbs are very important in tests, so mastering these grammars are also necessary for us learners.Teaching goals:Make students become familiar with the usesage of to do difinitive.Teaching important and difficult points. Let students understand and master the ussage of to do difinitive.Teaching proceduresStep1 revision Revise the usage of to do difinitive. Step 2 analasy the difference to do difinitive and ving.1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2.不定式和动名词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living工作就是为了生活。 3)如果主语是以aim，duty， job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people我们的工作是为人民服务。 3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语。 （1）下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 ask问 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾（2）有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 acknowledge承认，自认 cease 停止 mention说到，讲到 admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 advocate：提倡，主张 complete完成 dread可怕 例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。 （3）有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生） stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 remember to do 记住去做某事（未做） remember doing记得做过某事(已做) regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 4.动词不定式和分词作状语的区别 (1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随) They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的) (2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。 Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因) Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间) Reading carefully，youll learn something new只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件) His family was too poor to support him他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果) We are glad to hear the news我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因) (3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的： a：not/never tooto, toonot to , but/only too to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义 b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。 c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。 Step3 summary非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been done （完成被动式）不定式 to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）动名词 doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ;非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。Step 4 chalkboard design （板书设计）Grammarthe uasage of to do difinitive不定式和动名词的区别A 做主语b 作表语c 作宾语d 作宾补e 作状语例题解释：To swim in the river is dangerous for us.Smoking is prohibited(禁止)hereThey stood by the roadside talking about the planHis family was too poor to support himStep 5 homewoke1. I am busy now, so I cant help _ the machine. （c 类）A. repair B. to have repaired C. repairing D. fixing2Jane came very close _ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics. （c 类）A. to win B. winning C. to winning D. to be won3Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. （b类） A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking4John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. （b类） A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing5The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. （a类） A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating6I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change? （b类） A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going7_ a reply,he decided to write again. （a类） A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received8Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. （a类） A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented9Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. （a类） A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited10The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back. （a类） A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied15 ACAAC 610 DCCAB111
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