资源描述
111学习内容：1. 了解现在完成时被动语态的构成； 2. 了解现在完成时被动语态在使用过程中要注意的问题；学习方法：查资料；合作探讨；参考下列内容学习时间：1. 现在完成时被动语态的构成【观察与思考】1. 现在完成时被动语态的肯定式由“have has been 及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：Two windows have been broken两个窗子被打破了。2. 现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“have has notbeen 及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：The car has not been repaired这辆汽车还没有修好。3. 现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have Has 主语been及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：Has her work been finished？墓魍瓿闪寺穑?/P Yes，it has是的，完成了。Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？No，they havent不，还没有。4. 现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式由“疑问词havehas主语been及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？【小试牛刀】根据上述知识，请完成16题1）I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. ？ A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish2）Millions of pounds damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been causedB. had been caused C. will be causedD. will have been caused3）More patients in hospital this year than last year. A. treatedB. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated4）The window is dirty. I know. It for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned5）I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio.A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught6）In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit.A. have run B. have been runC. had been runD. will run2. 使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题【观察与思考】1. 现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have has和been，两者缺一不可。2. 注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：The house was built last year这房子是去年建造的。The house has been built这房子已经建好了。3. 由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow， join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。例如：译：这本书买了多久了？误：How long has this book been bought？正：How long ago was this book bought？但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。例如：No books have been bought since last week自上周以来，没有人来买过书。4. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如：The orphan has been well looked after这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。【小试牛刀】根据上述知识，请完成513题正误辨析7）能量饮料不允许在澳大利亚制造但是可以从新西兰引进。误：Energy drinks are not allowed to be making in Australia but are bought in from New Zealand.正: 8）自去年以来，我们的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。误：Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since last year.正： 9）去年，那所学校超过十二名学生被保送出国留学。误：More than a dozen students in that school sent abroad to study medicine last year. 正： 10）这把椅子做上去很舒服。误：The chair is very comfortable to be sat on.正： 11）我十年买的那辆车的确需要修理了。误：The old car I bought ten years ago really needs repair.正： 12）这件衣服的料子非常柔软。误：The material of the clothes is felt very soft.正： 13）这个小女孩无法忍受批评。误：The little girl cant stand criticizing.正： 14）这些玩具很受孩子们的欢迎，并且销路很好。误：The new toys are very popular with children, and they are sold well.正： 15）据说早期欧洲的扑克牌是为娱乐和教育的目的而设计的。误：It is said that European cards have designed for entertainment and education.正： 自我检测单项选择1. Paper money _ for over a thousand years. A. used B. has been used C. has used D. is using 2. We want to sit at the table near the window. Im sorry，but it _ already. A. has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken 3. _the letter _to Mr. Black?No. Its still on the desk.A. Has; given B. Will; be given C. Was; given D. Has; been given4. How long _ at this job?Since 1990.A. were you employed B. have you been employedC. had you been employed D. will you be employed5. The reason for all the changes being made _ to us yet.A. as not explained B. has not been explained C. didnt explain D. were not explained6. Great changes _ in my hometown and a lot of factories_. A. have been taken place；are being set up B. have taken place；have been set up C. are taken place；had been set up D. had taken place；will be set up参考答案1答案：A解析：第一句话告诉我们，橱柜里看不到咖啡了，所以紧接着要问“咖啡已经被喝完了吗？”，故选A。2答案：A解析：意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”，这里强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响，故选A。3答案：D解析：题中的patients与treat之间是被动关系，排除A、B。根据时间状语this year可知用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。4答案：D解析：上句提到“窗户很脏”，所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了”，故选D。5.答案：D解析：这首歌已经在收音机上被教了很多遍了。所以用现在完成时态的被动语态。6 B解析：通过前面的时间状语In the recent years可知用现在完成时态；又因为run作为“经营”的时候是及物动词，用被动语态。故选择B项。7.答案：正：Energy drinks are not allowed to be made in Australia but are bought in from New Zealand.解析：drink 和make 之间存在动宾关系，即饮料被制造，故用被动语态。8答案：正：Great changes have taken place in our hometown since last year.解析：take place “发生”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态，故去掉been。9答案：正：More than a dozen students in that school were sent abroad to study medicine last year.解析：句中的主语students与动作 send 存在被动关系，故用被动语态。10答案：正：The chair is very comfortable to sit on.解析：在“be +adj.+不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与主语存在动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。11答案：正：The old car I bought ten years ago really needs repairingto be repaired.解析：主语car是需要被修理，故用被动语态。特别需要注意的是needwantrequire表达被动含义时，后既可以doing, 也可以用to be done。12答案：正：The material of the clothes feels very soft.解析：表示特征的的系动词，常用其主动形式来表示被动的意义。如：look, sound, smell, taste, prove, appear。13答案：正：The little girl cant stand being criticized.解析：小女孩和批评是被动关系，又因为stand做忍受讲时后加v-ing形式, 故用being criticized.14答案：正：The new toys are very popular with children, and they sell well.解析：sell作销路好/不好讲时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。15答案：正：It is said that European cards were designed for entertainment and education.解析：扑克牌被设计是过去的事情，故用一般过去时态的被动语态。自我检测：1答案：B解析：主语和谓语是被动关系，而且时间状语是一个时间段，根据题意，谓语动词所要表示动作可能还要继续下去，符合现在完成时，所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。答案是B。2答案：D解析：从题干中的答语知道，座位已经有人坐了，说明结果。所以应该用现在完成时的被动式。答案是D。3答案：D解析：此题是一道问答情景题。问话人想知道的是动作的结果，所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。其疑问式是把这一结构中的助动词have或has提前，所以正确答案为是D。4答案：B解析：how long 引导的是一个特殊疑问句，从how long和 since 1990我们可以确定应该是现在完成时，再从意义上看，应该使用被动语态，所以答案应该是B。5答案：B解析：the reason 是主语中心词，它和谓语explain之间是被动关系；题干的意思是：还没有给我们解释作出变化的理由。应该是现在完成时的被动式的否定式。答案是B。6答案：B解析：take place 是不及物动词词组，因此没有被动语态；而factories和set up111
展开阅读全文