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111Book 2 Module 5 Newspapers and Magazines Period 3【学习目标】掌握时间状语从句和原因状语从句的用法【学习重点难点】时间和原因状语从句的用法【学习策略指导】让学生自主学习，小组合作探究解决当堂所学主要内容中存在的问题【预习自学】时间和原因状语从句的用法【教学环节设计】Step 1 自主学习下列语法内容，标出你认为的重点和疑难部分I. 时间状语从句1. before 和after before引导时间状语从句，往往表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生，翻译形式多种多样：“.才”；“.就”；“还没来得及.就.”;趁着.。 We had sailed four days and nights before we saw the land.(.才) We hadnt run a mile before Tom felt tired.(.就) Before I could say a word, he had handed the paper in.(还没来得及.,就.) Please write it down before you forget it.(趁着.) before 从句中谓语不用否定形式；不能用将来时态。 It wont be long before we meet again.(不久.就) It will be two hours before we finish the work.(.多久以后才) after引导时间状语从句，表示从句的动作先于主句的动作发生，翻译成“.之后”。 After we had found the lost child, we sent him back home. After Tom solves the problem, he will be allowed to go home.2. since引导的时间状语从句中，一般用过去时态；主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。 It is/ has been 3 weeks since I came here. 我来这里已经3周了。 Tom hasnt written home since he arrived in Beijing. 自从到了北京Tom就没给家里写过信。Its twenty years since I lived here. 我已经离开这里20年了。It has been a month since my father smoked. 我父亲已经戒烟一个月了。since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词；但since从句中若是延续性动词，则需按照字面相 反的意思进行翻译。3. until/ till与延续动词的肯定形式连用，表示“直到.为止”。He waited until/ till we finished our meal. You may stay here until/ till the rain stops.与非延续动词的否定形式连用，表示“直到.才.”。I didnt leave until/ till he came back. The boy wont go to bed until/ till his mother returns.Dont get off the bus until/ till it has stopped.注意：1）till 不可以置于句首，而until可以。 Until he told me, I knew nothing about it. 2) 当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用部分倒装的语序。在强调句型中要用until, 不用till。 Not until midnight did the noise of the street stop. It was not until today that I began to realize my mistakes.4. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner. than., hardly/scarcely. when.常译为：一.就.或“刚.就.” I will tell her the news immediately I see her. The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. The game had hardly begun when it started to rain. = Hardly had the game begun when it started to rain.(注意部分倒装的构成) She had no sooner said it than she burst into tears. = No sooner ha she said it than she burst into tears.5. the first time, the last time, every time, each time, next time, any time(任何时候)，all the time (一直，始终)，by the time ( 到的时候为止)等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句 I felt nervous the first time I climbed onto the wall. Each time I went to his house, he was out. You are welcome to come back any time you want to. She listened carefully all the time he spoke. By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had taught himself advanced mathematics. By the time you receive this letter, I will have left this city for my home town. 6. 以下句式中只能用when, 意为“这时” I was about to do my homework when the light went out. I was doing my homework when the light went out. I had just finished my homework when the light went out.II. 原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的常用词可分为两类：单词引导词和短语引导词。单词引导词主要有because, as, since等，短语引导词主要有now that, for the reason that, in that, seeing that等。 关于because, as, since，for的用法：这三个词都有“因为”之意，但是用法和具体内涵各异。because语气最强，用以回答why引起的提问，可表示已知或未知的事实。它可和强调词only, merely, just及否定词not连用，所引导的从句常位于主句之后。它可用于强调结构。as语气最弱，较口语化，所以表达的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实，故不需要强调。as从句之前不可用强调词和not，且不可用于强调结构。as从句多置于主句之前。since的语气也较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，往往相当于汉语中的“既然”。它和as一样，其前亦不可用强调词和not，亦不可用于强调结构。for和上述三个从属连词不同，它是一个等立连词，即连接并列句，比较文气。它有时可以用来做附加说明，即逻辑推理。一般把for引导的句子放在某一句子之后。演练 _ everybody is here lets have the discussion. It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet. The ground outside must be wet _ it rained last night. It was _ her mother was ill that she didnt go with us.Step 2小组合作讨论解决疑难问题【检测反馈】I. Multiple Choice1. It was _ she caught a bad cold that she didnt go to school. A. asB. becauseC. forD. since2. _ the day went on, the weather got warmer. A. WithB. SinceC. WhileD. As3. - How long do you think it is _ he arrived here? - No more than half a year, I believe. A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since4. - Did you remember giving Jenny the money? - Yes. _ I saw her. A. So long asB. So far asC. The momentD. Any time5. We had meant to have a talk with him, but he left _ we could say a word. A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. until6. We were playing football in the playground _ suddenly it rained. A. whenB. whileC. untilD. before7. - When _ again? - When he _, Ill let you know. A. he comes; comesB. will he come; will come C. he comes; will comeD. will he come; comes8. It must have rained last night, _ the ground is so wet now. A. becauseB. sinceC. forD. as9. Not until I began to work_ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realize10. _ everybody is here, lets set out right away. A. Now thatB. BecauseC. ForD. After11. _ it happened to be a nice day, we decided to go to the beach. A. WhenB. BeforeC. IfD. Since12. No sooner _ at the desk than the telephone rang. A. had he sat down B. did he sit downC. he had sat downD. he sat down13. Please remember to send me one of your photos next time you _ to me. A. will writeB. have writtenC. writeD. wrote14._ I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big company. A. Since the first timeB. The first time C. The first time whichD. For the first time15. That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since16. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ I heard the steps.A. whileB. whenC. sinceD. after17.What disappointed me was not what he said but _ he said it.A. the wayB. the way howC. the way whichD. the way of which18.If you want to get additional information about the position , please _ our website at www.state.gov.A. look intoB. look upC. refer toD. search for19. It is the fact _ the naughty boy often breaks the school rules _ makes his head teacher unhappy with him.A. that ; thatB. what; thatC. that; whatD. which ; that20. - Why did you make such a stupid mistake? - Im sorry, but _.A. I dont want toB. I didnt want toC. I hadnt wanted toD. I havent want to21. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. and B. for C. but D. or22. _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as23. He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.（11辽宁卷） A. since B. as C. when D. than24. John thinks it wont be long_ he is ready for his new job. (10陕西卷) A. when B. after C. before D. since25. You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.（09上海卷）A. before B. if C. while D. as【课外作业】预习Listening, writing, Everyday English和Cultural Corner部分，并完成相关练习【学后反思】_Module5Book2 学案23答案Period three: Step 1: II. Since ; for ; because; becauseStep 2 : 1-5) BDDCA 6-10) ADCBA 11-15) DACBD 16-20) BACAC 21-22. BADCA111
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