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111Unit one Advertising语法点津direct speech (direct narration) 直接叙述的话语，即直接引语。the style used in writing to report what someone said by repeating their actual words.reported speech (indirect speech) 转告引述的话语，即间接引语。the style used in writing to report what someone said without repeating their actual words. Notes: 1 引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导，而引述选择疑问句时，一般只能用whether引导。E.g.: “Does he really mean it?”- I wondered whether/if he really meant it.“They live in groups, dont they?”- He asked whether/if they lived in groups.“Is this book yours or his?”- She asked me whether this book was mine or his.2 引述特殊疑问句时，用原句中的wh-词引导。 E.g.: “Why didnt you stop her?”- He asked why I hadnt stopped her.3. 引述陈述句时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常被省略）。e.g.: He said, “I like it very much.”- He said that he liked it very much.“Ive left my book in your room.”- He told me that he had left his book in my room.3. 引述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order 等动词，如果祈使句为否定句，在不定式的前面加上not。She said to us, “Please sit down.”- She asked us to sit down.He said to him, “ Go away!”- He ordered him to go away.He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.”- He told the boys not to make so much noise.在将直接引语变成间接引语时要特别注意几个变化：1） 人称的变化： 间接引语是转述别人的话，说话时由于角色的不同，人称代词要根据实际情况作相应的变化。e.g. Mr Black said, “Im busy.”- Mr Black said that he was busy. “Do you mind my opening all your windows?” he asked us.- He asked us if we minded his opening all our windows.2) 时态的变化：如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。中主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。直接引语转换成间接引语时时态的变化例 句直 接 引 语间 接 引 语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来量过去将来时He said, Im afraid I cant finish this work.He said, Im using the knife.She said, I have not heard from him since May.He said; I came to help you.He said, I had finished my homework before supper.Zhou Lan said, I11 do it after class.He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he was using the knife.She said that she had not heard from him since May.He said that he had come to help me.He said that he had finished his homework before supper.Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.2） 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化例 句直 接 引 语间 接 引 语this thatthese thosenow thentoday that dayyesterday the day before tomorrow the next (following)dayhere therecome go She said, I will come this morning.He said, These books are mine.He said, It is nine oclock now.He said, I havent seen her today.She said, I went there yesterday.She said, “I11 go there tomorrow. ?“He said, My sister was here three days ago.She said, I will come here this evening.She said that she would go that morning.He said that those books were his.He said that it was nine oclock then.He said that he hadnt seen her that day.She said that she had gone there the day before.She said that she would go there the next (following) day.He said that his sister had been there three days before.She said that she would go there that evening. 111
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