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111能力演练一、语法填空专题训练（一） 巧用派生词，做好语法填空。技巧点拨英语中有许多单词可带否定前缀或否定后缀，将该词变成一个与原来单词意义完全相反的词。在做语法填空时，要仔细领会短文的意思，理清文章脉络，注意行文逻辑，特别注意上下文之间有无转折、对比、相反关系，如果有此种关系，文中又没有相应过渡词语，就要考虑利用构词法知识，即利用单词的否定前缀或否定后缀来解题。常用的否定前缀有：in+adj.adj.correctincorrect(不正确的) activeinactive(不积极的)im+adj.adjpoliteimpolite(不礼貌的) patientimpatient(不耐烦的)un+adj.adjluckyunlucky(不幸运的)happyunhappy(不高兴的)il+adj.adjlogicalillogical(不合逻辑的)legalillegal(非法的)ir+adj.adjregularirregular(不规则的)responsibleirresponsible(不负责任的)dis+adj.adjhonestdishonest(不诚实的)satisfieddissatisfied(不满意的)un+v.vdressundress(脱衣服)loadunload(卸货)dis+v.vlikedislike(不喜欢)coverdiscover(发现)non+n.adjprofitnonprofit(非盈利的)stopnonstop(不间断的)illtreatilltreat(虐待)mannerillmannered(没礼貌的)常用的否定后缀有：n.+lessadjcarecareless(粗心的) homehomeless(无家可归的)n.+freeadj.carecarefree(无忧无虑的)paperpaperfree(无纸张的)活学活用（一）用所给单词的适当形式填空。Ann walked out of the chemical factory,annoyed at her 1 (pleasant)interview with Jack,the vice general manager of the factory.Ann was told the factory had been pouring waste water directly into the river,making the water 2 (suit) to drink.Ann thought it was her duty to 3 (close)the matter and had it reported in the newspaper.She also thought it was 4 (responsible)JP3for the factory to do so.Jack thought it was 5 (proper)and 6 (legal)for Ann to report the whole thing in public without telling them in advance.However,Ann regarded it most important to ensure the residents near the factory to drink 7 (pollution)water.She told Jack if his factory kept on polluting the river,he was sure to answer for what he had done one day.答案:1.unpleasant2.unsuitable3.disclose4.irresponsible5.improper6.illegal7.pollutionfree（二）语法填空。In the days when an ice cream cost much less,Tom, 1 eightyear old boy,entered a hotel coffee shop 2 sat at a table.A waitress put a glass of water in front of him.“How much is an icecream？” “Fifty cents,”replied the waitress.The little boy pulled 3 right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of 4 in it.“How much is a dish of plain ice cream?”he asked.Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a little 5 (patient).“Thirty cents,” she said 6 (polite)and loudly,which surprised other JP3customers.The boy counted the coins 7 .”I will have a plain ice cream,”he said.The waitress walked 8 .The boy finished the ice cream,paid the cashier and left.It was not long 9 the waitress came back and then she began to wipe the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.There, 10 (place)neatly beside the empty dish,were two nickels and five penniesher tip!1.an2.解析：entered与sat并列，所以填and。答案：and3.his 4.coins56.解析：这里指服务员不耐烦(impatient)、不礼貌(impolite),注意用否定前缀。答案：5.impatient 6.impolitely7.解析：小孩又仔细数了一遍硬币。答案：again8.解析：It is not long before是常用句型。答案：away9.before10.解析：倒装句。顺序为two nickels and five pennies were placed neatly beside the empty dish.答案：placed二、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。As a child, I was very shy. I wanted to be successful, but lacked 1 . When I discovered climbing, I found something I was good at. I began to be 2 by my friends and this gave me the desire to climb 3 and higher mountains. I found that nothing was impossible if I could find the 4 to try to achieve my goals.Both personal determination and teamwork are 5 when you climb. You need to rely on the 6 of your team and share in the achievement. But personal focus and determination to keep going despite any difficulty are also very helpful to team success.My greatest achievement in 7 was being the first ever to reach the top of the 5,000foot Troll Wall in Norway, which has the highest and most vertical(垂直的) rock face in Europe. A stone dropped from the top of the mountain will 8 nothing until it lands on the valley floor one 9 below. So it was very adventurous.Before our climb, the experts in Europe had said it was 10 to climb the Troll Wall. But with three companions, I decided to 11 . It took ten days to make the climb and we 12 on ledges(岩石架)no more than a foot wide when we were tired. Thankfully, we 13 .Afterwards, I said to myself, “If I can do that, I can do anything.” Some years later, I climbed up Mount Everest-the highest mountain in the world. Adventure to me is not just 14 a rope along the side of a mountain, but is one field where adventurous people can often 15 themselves. If we look at every day as an adventure, we can test ourselves and continue to grow throughout our life. That is the final adventure.1.A.money B.confidenceC.purposes D.chances2.A.denied B.attackedC.recognized D.tricked3.A.harder B.fartherC.smaller D.safer4.A.place B.secretC.courage D.time5.A.suitable B.simpleC.equal D.important6.A.comfort B.supportC.interest D.doubt7.A.science B.medicineC.climbing D.engineering8.A.touch B.stopC.pollute D.hurt9.A.meter B.inchC.centimeter D.mile10.A.easy B.impossibleC.exciting D.useful11.A.try B.learnC.return D.escape12.A.ate B.livedC.rested D.stood13.A.worked B.decidedC.continued D.succeeded14.A.bending over B.falling offC.hanging onto D.leaning against15.A.hold B.forgiveC.punish D.challenge解答:1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C8.A 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.C13.D 14.C 15.D三、阅读理解专题训练（一）阅读中的猜词技巧（4）根据同等关系猜测词义方法点拨同等关系指一组词在句中作同一成分，且它们的词义属于同一义域，这些词常用and或or来连接。如：At fifty he is in his prime of life and always full of energy.根据full of energy可判断出in his prime of life的意思为“最好的时候、精力旺盛之际”。活学活用（一）利用上述猜词技巧，猜测下列各句划线部分的意思。1.He is a serious person who always does everything conscientiously.2. If you dont stop doing like this,youll impair your health.3.He strayed because of the darkness,and didn，t know where he was.4.In the ancient city of Rome,we visited every mansion,battle site,theatre and other public halls.（二）阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务。(2008年广东卷)Parents and kids today dress alike,listen to the same music,and are friends.Is this a good thing？Sometimes,when Mr.Ballmer and his 16yearold daughter,Elizabeth,listen to rock music together and talk about interests they both enjoy,such as pop culture,he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom,Hey,the new Weezer album is really great.How do you like it?” says Ballmer.“There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf.From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations,earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today,the generation gap has not disappeared,but it is getting narrow in many families.Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago.Now they are comfortable and common.And parent-child activities,from shopping to sports,involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message,“To my mother,my best friend.”But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents.“There，s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there,but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie,a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College.“In the middle of that change,there is a lot of confusion among parents.”Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes.They see the 1960s as a turning point.Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.“My parents were on the before side of that change,but todays parents,the 40yearolds,were on the after side,” explains Mr.Ballmer.“Its not something easily accomplished by parents these days,because life is more difficult to understand or deal with,but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要。_.根据所读短文，选出最佳答案。1.The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A.interest B.distanceC.difference D.separation2.Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing?A.Parents help their children develop interests in more activities.B.Parents put more trust in their childrens abilities.C.Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs.D.Parents share more interests with their children.3.The change in today,s parentchild relationship is _.A.more confusion among parentsB.new equality between parents and childrenC.less respect for parents from childrenD.more strictness and authority on the part of parents4.By saying “todays parents,the 40yearolds,were on the after side.” the author means that todays parents _.A.follow the trend of the changeB.can set a limit to the changeC.fail to take the change seriouslyD.have little difficulty adjusting to the change5.The purpose of the passage is to _.A.describe the difficulties todays parents have met withB.discuss the development of the parentchild relationshipC.suggest the ways to handle the parentchild relationshipD.compare todays parentchild relationship with that in the past三、（一）1.解析：根据serious可判断出conscientiously为“认真地”之意。答案：认真地2.解析：从if条件句的意思可推断出句中impair your health的意思为“损害健康”。答案：损害3.解析：由句中的because of the darkness可推断出stray的意思为“迷路”。答案：迷路4.解析：因为mansion与“战场遗址”、“剧院”、“其它公众厅”并列，所以mansion也应属于建筑物或场所。答案：大厦（二）.The text tells us that nowadays parents and their children have a lot in common and they are equal in many ways,which makes it more fun to be a parent.1.解析：可以通过同等关系推测词义的技巧来找出答案，即通过There was just a complete gap in taste和move in separate orbits来推测词义。答案：B2.解析：细节理解题 由文章的第一段可以知道答案。答案：D3.解析：细节推断题,由文章的第五段可知,现在父母和孩子的关系趋于平等。答案：B4.解析：20世纪60年代被看作一个转折点,以前的父母高高在上,固执保守,而现在的父母与孩子一起分享共有兴趣的快乐,所以A项 “紧随潮流的变化”最符合题意。答案：A5.解析：推理判断题,要求推断作者的写作意图,纵观全文,只有B项符合。答案：B111
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