Unit 4《Making the News》学案2-预习(人教版必修5)

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111Book 5 Unit4 Making the news预习学案一:目标聚焦1. 了解报社工作的性质、记者所需的技能以及制作报纸的过程2. 学会倒装结构的用法3. 学会写新闻报道4. 学会用英语进行预约二:走近课文1. 请同学们预习reading1 并完成28页练习2.2. 请同学们预习reading2 并完成30页练习13. 句式点击:1) Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office 0f a popular English newspaper. 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家知名的英语报报社第一天上班的工作任务。否定词never 置于句首,用部分倒装,即把谓语的一部分-助动词、情态动词或be动词-置于主语之前。置于句首能引起部分倒装结构的具有否定或半否定意义的副词、介词短语还有little, few, not, no, seldom, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, barely, in no way, at no time, in no case, by no means 等。 如:Not a single song did he sing at yesterdays party.昨天聚会上他连一首歌也没唱。2) His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. 他与新上司胡昕的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。Be to do 表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性或注定要发生的动作或事物。如:You are to report to the police. 你应该报警。(义务)They are to be married. 他们打算结婚。(意图)The book was not to be found. 书找不到了。(可能性)Every member of the party was to pay his own expense. 参加晚会的所有人费用自理。(吩咐,命令)3) Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 你只有提出了许多不同的问题之后,才有可能获得所需要知道的消息。当副词only强调状语(介词、副词、或状语从句等)并且置于句首时,句子的谓语动词用部分倒装。本句中only 强调if引导的状语从句,所以把助动词will提到了主语you de 前面。如:Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area. 只有在近几年,妇女在这个领域里才赶上了男人。4) Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university. 我对摄影不只是感兴趣,在大学里我还选修过业余课程来提高技术呢。not only but also 并列两个分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装结构,而后一个分句不倒装。如:Not only did I pay off all my debts, but also I still saved some money to build a new house. 我不仅还清了债务,而且攒了些钱建新房。5) Here comes by my list of “dos” and “donts”: dont miss your deadline, dont be rude, dont talk too much yourself, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully. 这是我的行为准则:不可错过截止日期,不可对人粗鲁,不可自己说的太多,务必认真倾听被采访人回答问题。当句首是here, there, in, up, out, down, off, back 等表示方向的副词,而谓语动词是come, go, rush, run 等不及物动词时,为使情景更生动,常用全部倒装结构。此时谓语动词不需要助动词。如:Up went the arrow into the air. 嗖的一声,箭射上了天。6) Have you ever had a case where somebody accuse your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 你有没有过这样的情况:别人控告你的记者说他的报道失实呢? 句中where引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语,相当于in which,修饰先行词case(情况)另外,situation(形势,情景),position(位置,职位),condition(情形,条件),point,stage等词,其后也常跟where引导的定语从句。如:Can you think of a situation where we can use this expression? 你能想出一个我们可以使用这个词语的情景吗?三:语法分析:倒装句1. 含义: 在英语中,主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后。但有时为了强调句子的某一部分或其他原因,谓语需要全部或部分移到主语的前面,这种语序叫倒装。2. 分类:倒装有两种:全部倒装和部分倒装。在倒装语序中,若整个谓语都在主语之前,成为全部倒装。若谓语的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词或be动词)位于主语之前,则称之为部分倒装。3. 全部倒装的应用场合:1) there be 句型中,其中be 可换作appear, come, exist, happen, lie, remain, seem, stand 等动词。如: There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. 山顶上有一座寺庙。2) 由副词here, there, now, then 等开头的句子,谓语动词是be, come, follow, go, begin 等,且主语是名词时。如:Here are some picture-books. 这儿是一些图画书。 注意:代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。 如:Here it is. 3) 表动态的副词in,out,away,up, down, off, back, over等置于句首作状语时,且句子主语为名词时。如: Out rushed the boy, crying . 那个男孩哭着跑出来了 注意:代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。 如:In she came and the lesson began. 她走进来开始上课。 4) 表示地点的介词词组位于句首时。如: In the distance lies a car. 远处有一辆汽车。 5)such 置于句首时(多被认为是表语,such后的be 动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致) 如:Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 事实如此,没有人能否定这一点。6)作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时,此时倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。 eg: Present at the meeting were some important figures. 出席会议的是一些重要人物。 Sitting in front of the house was a little girl. 一个小女孩坐在房子的前面。 Among the goods are Chinese trees, flowers, candles and toys. 这些商品里有圣诞树、鲜花、蜡烛及玩具等。 4部分倒装的应用场合: 1) 否定或半否定意义的副词或介词短语置于句首时,引起部分倒装结构。 注意: few , little 做主语或修饰主语,则用自然语序。 2)常使用部分倒装的否定词在句首的特殊句型。 Not onlybut (also) 并列两个分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装结构,而后一个分句不倒装。 Neithernor 引导两个并列分句时,两个分句都要倒装。 Hardly(Scarely/Barely)when和 No sooner than 句型,意义为“一就”。当 Hardly(Scarely/Barely)或 No sooner置于句首时,主句的谓语动词用部分倒装,并且主句多用过去完成时。 Not until 从句或短语在句首时,后面主句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构,而从句不倒装。 如: Not until she saw the present did she feel happy. 注意: 若not until 用在强调句中,则不倒装。 如: It was not until she saw the present that she felt happy. 3) “So + 形容词/副词+ that ”和“Such +名词+ that”句型,意为“如此以至于”.当So + 形容词/副词, Such +名词位于句首时,主句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构,但从句不倒装。如: So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他讲英语非常清晰,总能让别人听懂。4)当副词only+状语置于句首时,句子谓语动词用部分倒装。注意: 如果only 后面不是状语,则不用倒装。 5)句型“;(and) so /neither/nor+ be/助动词/情态动词”意义为“也是如此/也不这样”。 如: They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢拥有许多朋友,残疾人也是如此。 注意:如果表示对前述内容的肯定或者附和,那么句子不用倒装。 如: A: It is hot. 天真热。 B:So it is. 的确如此。6)as 引导的让步状语从句中,通常把从句中的表语,状语甚至谓语动词的一部分置于句首。如:Young as he is, he knows much. 尽管年轻,但他阅历丰富。 Try as he might, he failed again. 尽管又试了一次,他仍然失败了。 注意: 当表语是名词,且为单数形式时,其前不能加冠词。如: Beggar as he is, he looks very proud. 尽管是个乞丐,但他看上去很高傲。 Although 引导的让步状语从句不倒装;Though 引导的可以倒装也可以不倒装。7) 在虚拟条件句中,如果从句中含有were, should 或had, 则可以省略if, 把were, should 或had 置于句首。 如: Should it snow tomorrow, I would take photos. 如果明天下雪,我就照相。注意: 若 had 是实意动词,则不能倒装。 如: If I had time, I would attend your party. 如果我有时间,我就会参加你的晚会。8) 在某些表示祝愿的句子里用倒装。有部分倒装,也有完全倒装。如: May God bless you ! 愿上帝保佑您! May you succeed ! 祝你成功!四:知识详解:1. involve vt. 包括;牵涉,涉及;使参与(卷入)involve sb. in sth. 使某人参与或牵涉到某事里be/become/get involved in sth. (某人)参与某事;(某人)与某事有牵连2. eager adj.渴望的,热切的be eager for sth. 渴望某事be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事eager 与anxious 区别eager强调“对成功的期望”或“进取的热情”,含有积极向上的意思。anxious强调“担心”或“焦急”,对结果感到不安。如:1)I am eager to do that interesting work.我急于做那件有趣的工作。2)I am anxious to know the news from the battle-field.我急于想知道战场传来的消息。3. delighted adj. 快乐的,欣喜的be delighted to do/thatbe delighted at/by/with sth.因而快乐、欣喜4. accuse vt. 指责,谴责;控告accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指责某人,控告某人be accused of (doing) sth. 被指责/控告charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告/指责某人5. be guilty about 因感到内疚/惭愧be guilty of 有过失/罪责 6. demand n.需求,要求 & vt.强烈要求,需要 meet the demand for 满足的需要 demand sth. 要求,需要 demand to do sth. 要求干 demand of sb. to do sth. 要求某人干某事 demand + that 从句(谓语动词用虚拟语气 should + v.原形)7. Concentrate on (doing) sth. 集中时间作某事;全神贯注于concentrate ones attention on 把注意力集中在某事上fix/focus ones attention/mind on sth. 意思同上8. get the wrong end of the stick 完全误解,弄错9. be supposed to do sth./be supposed to be sth. 应当;被(人们普遍)认为not be supposed to do sth. 不应当;不得;不准如: Youre not supposed to walk on the grass. 不准践踏草地。be supposed to have done 理应做过某事(但可能没有做)如: He was supposed to have arrived on the four oclock train, but he didnt.他乘四点的火车本该已经到了,但是没有。10. be/get absorbed in 专心致志,全神贯注于如: She seemed totally absorbed in her book. 她好像完全被这本书迷住了。11. appointment n. 约会;任命make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会make an appointment to do sth. 约定做某事12. set to work 起劲地干起来;毅然开始做表示“开始、着手做某事”的短语还有:get down to (doing) sth.set out to do sth.set about doing sth.13. pass sth. on (to sb.) 转交;(用后) 递给,传给pass sth. down (to sb.) 使世代相传;流传14. last of all 最后同意短语: at last/in the end/ finally/eventually111
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