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1112014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes句式与语法21.those who. 凡是的人【常考用法】those who相当于people who，意为“凡是的人”，表示两者以上的不定数量。who在它引导的定语从句中作主语，不能省略，且谓语动词用复数，不能用that替换who。【链接】anybody/anyone who相当于whoever，意为“凡是的人”，表示两者以上的不定数量。who在它引导的定语从句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。Those who break the law will be punished.=Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.=Whoever breaks the law will be punished.违法的人将会受到惩罚。【十年高考链接】（2006北京高考）Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those dont.A.who；/B.who；/C.who；whoD./；/答案：C 句意：那些每天喝两杯多咖啡的女人比不喝的人更有可能患心脏病。分别用who引导定语从句，修饰women和those，who在从句中作主语，不能省略。2.was doing.when. 正在做这时（突然）【常考用法】句子when用作并列连词，意为“这时”，不能换用while。【句式链接】was/were about to do.when.刚要做这时（突然）was/were on the point of doing.when.刚要做这时（突然）hardly had sb.done.when.某人刚刚做这时（突然）She was applying herself to her work in the office when the building caught fire.她正在办公室忙于工作这时大楼突然着火了。We were having a meeting when someone broke in angrily.我们正在开会这时有人怒气冲冲地闯了进来。They were working in the fields when it began to pour.他们正在田地里劳作这时天下起了倾盆大雨。【十年高考链接】（1）（2013陕西高考） Jim a late night film at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.A.watchedB.had watchedC.was watchingD.would be watching答案：C 句意：吉姆在家看一部午夜电影，看到中间一幕惊险的场景时，屏幕上突然出现一片空白。该句考查be doing.when.结构，意为“正在做就在这时（突然）”。从后面的动作went blank可知“看电影”发生在过去；并且是当吉姆正在看的时候，所以该题要用过去进行时态，即was watching。（2）（2011浙江高考）One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.A.afterB.while C.sinceD.when答案：D 本题考查固定句式。句意：一个周五，我们正在打包裹动身去过周末，就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。 表示“正在做就在这时（突然）”用be doing.when.，所以D项正确。when用作并列连词，在句中表示“就在这时（突然）”之意，它构成的固定句式是：be doing sth./be about to do sth./had done sth.when.对于此类题，解题的关键是要理清题干或选项中出现的标志词，如本题中的were packing就是标志词，再结合句意与逻辑，套用固定句式，就能找到答案。（3）（2009福建高考）She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.A.when B.while C.after D.since答案：A 本题考查when的用法。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。（4）（2010大纲全国高考）Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird.A.when B.if C.andD.till答案：A 句意：汤姆刚要关窗，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引了。Sb.be about to do.when.是一个固定句式，表示“某人正要做这时”。3.Before sb. 某人还没来得及就【常考用法】before用作连词时，其基本含义是“在之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就”、“趁”、“就”等。具体用法如下：（1）与情态动词can/could连用这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”。Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。Before she could move，she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar.她还没来得及迈步，就听见一声巨响，接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。（2）用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长，或花费的精力大，译成“才”。We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。We waited a long time before the train arrived.我们等了很长时间火车才到。（3）用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间、距离短，或花费的精力小，译成“不到就”。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就觉得累了。（4）主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚就”。这时候主句应用过去完成时态，从句用过去时，还可以用when替代before。We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.我们刚到学校铃声就响了。（5）有时还有“（宁可而）不愿”的意思。Id shoot myself before I apologized to him.我宁死也不向他道歉。（6）用于It+be/takes+时间段+before句型。在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。若主句是一般将来时态，从句是一般现在时。若主句是肯定形式，意思是“要过多长时间才”；若主句是否定形式，翻译成“用不了多久就”。It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.两周之后一切才能恢复正常。It will be many years before the situation improves.这种状况要过许多年才能得以改善。It wont be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。若主句是一般过去时，从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定形式，翻译成“多长时间之后才”；若主句是否定形式，翻译成“没过多久就”。It was some time before I realized that I was wrong.过了很长一段时间我才意识到我错了。It wasnt long before she became a brave soldier.没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。After that it still took seven years before they got married.那之后他们又过了七年才结婚。【注意】当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，before与until有时可以互换。如：It was an hour before/until the police arrived.【十年高考链接】（1）（2013湖南高考）You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason you reach any decision.A.althoughB.beforeC.becauseD.unless答案：B although “虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；before“在之前”，引导时间状语从句；because “因为”，引导原因状语从句；unless “除非”，引导条件状语从句。句意：做任何决定之前,必须学会尊重自己的情感与理智。空格前后的时间先后意味较为明显，所以答案为B。 （2）（2013陕西高考） I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.A.sinceB.untilC.beforeD.when答案：A 从题干中的 “have heard” 可知是“已经听说”，所以应该是“自从我回来”，因此要用since引导时间状语从句。句意：自从我从国外回来，我听到了很多关于你的好消息。（3）（2013上海高考）I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise I am sitting.A.beforeB.untilC.unlessD.where答案：D 本题四个选项都为常见的状语从句引导词。before“在之前”，引导时间状语从句；until“直到为止”，引导时间状语从句；unless“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句；where“在的地方”，引导地点状语从句。句意：“我不能听清楚教授所讲的东西，因为在我坐着的地方有太多的噪音。”显然这里指我所坐的地方太吵，导致我听不清。解答这类题目要正确理解句意。（4）（2012山东高考） A number of high buildings have arisen there was nothing a year ago but ruins.A.whenB.whereC.beforeD.until答案：B 考查状语从句的用法。句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起了。where在句中引导地点状语从句。其他选项均不合题意。（5）（ 2012上海春招） you take a photo，you should always check the position of the sun.A.BeforeB.AfterC.BecauseD.Though答案：A 考查状语从句的连接词。句意：你在照相之前，应该检查太阳的位置。before在之前；after在之后；because因为；though虽然。（6）（2012重庆高考）Coach，can I continue with the training?Sorry，you cant you havent recovered from the knee injury.A.untilB.beforeC.asD.unless答案：C 考查状语从句。句意：“教练，我可以继续训练吗？”“对不起，你不可以，因为你膝盖的伤还没有恢复。”故用as表示原因；until直到；before在之前；unless除非。（7）（2007北京高考）Wheres that report?I brought it to you you were in Mr.Blacks office yesterday.A.if B.when C.because D.before答案：B 本题考查连词用法及含义辨析。句意：“那篇报告在哪儿呢？”“昨天当你在布莱克先生办公室的时候我带给你了。”when“当时候”。（8）（2007上海高考）Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water they are not managed carefully.A.though B.before C.until D.if答案：D 考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果小帆船没有被仔细掌控好的话，那么在水中就很容易被打翻。if “如果”，引导条件状语从句。（9）（2007辽宁高考）We had to wait half an hour we had already booked a table.A.since B.although C.until D.before答案：B 考查连词的含义及用法。句意：尽管我们已经预订了饭桌，但我们不得不等上半个小时。although“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。（10）（2007福建高考）You will be successful in the interview you have confidence.A.before B.once C.until D.though答案：B 本题考查状语从句的引导词，before“在之前”，引导时间状语从句；once“一旦”，引导条件状语从句；until“直到”，引导时间状语从句；though“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。由句意“一旦你有了信心，你在面试中就会成功的”可知应选B项。（11）（2007安徽高考）The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months；it will be a long time we meet them again. A.after B.before C.since D.when答案：B 本题考查before引导的时间状语从句的用法。主句为将来时态，从句用一般现在时态代替将来。 （12）（2004天津高考）It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester.A.that B.until C.since D.before答案：D 句意：我们还没赶到温彻斯特小城天就黑了。此处 before用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长，或花费的精力大。（13）（2005广东高考）The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.then答案：C 句意：美国内战持续了四年，北方才最终获胜。此处 before用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间长、花费的精力大，意为“才”。（14）（2005山东高考）It was some time we realized the truth. A.when B.until C.since D.before答案：D 句意：过了一段时间我才了解到了真相。“It was +时间段+before从句”表示“过了多久才”。（15）（2006四川高考）-Why didnt you tell him about the meeting？ -He rushed out of the room I could say a word. A.before B.until C.when D.after答案：A 句意：“你为什么没告诉他开会的事？”“我还没来得及说什么他就跑出了房子。”before sb.could.表示“某人还没来得及就”。（16）（2006福建高考）How long do you think it will be China sends a manned spaceship to the moon？Perhaps two or three years. A.when B.until C.that D.before答案：D 句意：“你认为要过多久中国才能往月球发射载人飞船？”“或许两三年。”“It will be +时间段+before从句”表示“要过多久才”。 111
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