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Grammar,1 动名词的形式、复合结构和短语。,2 动名词作主语。,The Gerund,4 动名词练习。,3 动名词作宾语。,1 动名词的形式、复合结构和短语。,1) 一般式主动： writing 2)一般式被动：be written 3) 完成式主动：having written 4) 完成式被动：having been written 否定形式：not+ writing,动名词的形式,1) 名词所有格+动名词： Toms writing 2) 名词普通格+动名词：Tom writing 3)形容词性代词+动名词：his writing 4)人称代词宾格+动名词：him writing,动名词的复合结构,1) 一般式主动： writing 2)一般式被动：be written 3) 完成式主动：having written 4) 完成式被动：having been written 否定形式：not+ writing,动名词的形式,1) 名词所有格+动名词： Toms writing 2) 名词普通格+动名词：Tom writing 3)形容词性代词+动名词：his writing 4)人称代词宾格+动名词：him writing,动名词的复合结构,动名词短语：动名词和自己的宾语和状语,speaking aloud reading the text aloud going to bed at ten last night,1）主语,2 动名词作主语,2）it 作形式主语,3）There be +no+动名词.,Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.,1） 动名词作主语,Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.,Fighting broke out between the South and the North.,Taking natural materials out of the rubbish and using them again is called recycling.,动名词短语作主语常用it作形式主语，把动名 词短语放在句末。,2）it作形式主语代替动名词,Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.,It is considered to be a good habit going to bed early and getting up early,动名词短语作主语常用it作形式主语，把动名 词短语放在句末。,2）it作形式主语代替动名词,Taking natural materials out of the rubbish and using them again is called recycling.,It is called recycling taking natural materials out of the rubbish and using them again,练习：辨别主语（形式主语和真正主语),It was a waste of time reading that book.,It is dangerous standing in the middle of the street.,Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her?,Its no good waiting here. Lets go home.,it 作形式主语的几个习惯句型：,It is no use doing,It is useless doing,It is no good doing,It is fun doing,It is worthwhile doing,It is a waste of time doing,练习：辨别主语（形式主语和真正主语),It is necessary to get water from wet to dry places.,It is necessary getting water from wet to dry places.,Getting water from wet to dry places is necessary.,Exercise (exercise 2 P.13),“There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作 主语，表示“没法”。,3）There be +no+动名词.,There was no telling when this might appen again.,没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。,There was no knowing what he could do.,他能做什么很难说。,1）及物动词宾语,3 动名词作宾语,2）介词宾语,3）it 作形式宾语，代替动名词,4）接doing的动词,5）接to do 的动词,6）接doing 又可接to do 的动词,1）及物动词宾语,Edison never stopped searching for new and better ways to do things.,Would you mind opening the window?,He gave up teaching only two years age.,2）介词宾语,Since then, he has devoted his life to finding ways to grow more and more rice.,He searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of fields.,形容词busy, worth后接doing,The teacher said Edison wasnt very bright and that he wasnt worth teaching.,The teachers are busy correcting the students exam papers.,如果作宾语的动名词又有自己的补语，习 惯上要将动名词后置，而用先行词it作它的 形式宾语。,3）it 作形式宾语，代替动名词,I found it pleasant walking along the river after supper.,Do you consider it necessary trying again?,mind, finish, admit, advise, consider, enjoy, keep, miss, suggest, cant help, give up, want (需要；该），need (需要；该）,4）接doing的动词,5）接to do 的动词,want, wish, hope, ask, help, refuse, learn, demand, choose, , decide, plan, manage, pretend, afford,意义基本一样，如like, love, hate, begin, start, prefer, attempt,6）接doing 又可接to do 的动词,意义明显不一样，如remember, forget, regret, mean, stop, try, want, need,Please remember to post the letter for me.,I remember posting the letter.,意义明显不一样，如remember, forget, regret, mean, stop, try, want, need,He forgot to write to me.,Ill never forget visiting London for the first time.,I regret to say that I cannot go with you.,She regretted missing the report.,意义明显不一样，如remember, forget, regret, mean, stop, try, want, need,They stopped to talk.,They stopped talking.,You dont need to leave so early.,His clothes needed mending and his shoes needed repairing.,3. need, require, want作“需要”解时, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语, 主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于to be done。如： The radio needs / requires / wants repairing / to be repaired.,动词-ing形式作宾语 1. 有些动词如admit, avoid, consider, escape, deny, risk, suggest等后能接动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能接动词不定式。如： Were considering paying a visit to the Science Museum.,2. 有些短语如cant help, be used to, end up, feel like, lead to, be busy, be tired of, be fond of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, put off, keep on, insist on, be good at, give up等后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如： I have been used to living here. Im fond of collecting stamps and coins.,常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:,考虑建议盼原谅， 承认推迟没得想， 避免错过继续练， 否认完成停能赏， 不禁介意准逃亡， 不准冒险凭想象。,consider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,excuse ,pardon admit, delay / put off , fancy avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practise deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate cant help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape forbid , risk , imagine,注意 动词-ing形式的复合结构是指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词普通格代替名词的所有格。如：,Im annoyed about Johns forgetting to pay. I really cant understand you treating her like that.,2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。如： Not cleaning her teeth made her smell bad. Your schoolmates not coming home in time made her parents worried.,需要注意的问题：,以下的动词后面加动词的不定式作宾语： decide , hope, expect , seem, agree, afford, arrange, choose, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend,常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：,三个希望两答应， 两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定, 不要假装在选择。,hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose,想要拒绝命令， 需要努力学习, 期望同意帮助， 希望决定开始。,want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start,以下的动词后面既可接动词的不定式又可以接动词的ing作宾语： hate, love , prefer , remember , forget, regret , like ,try , stop , begin , start,既跟动词ing又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:,双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。 不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。,begin, start, like, prefer, hate, dislike, continue. remember, forget, try, mean, stop, reget, want, need, require,即时练习 从 A、B、C、D四个选项 中选出最佳选项。 1. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having,D,2. The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept,C,3. How I regret _ so much time in the net bar! I should have studied harder. A. to waste B. wasting C. wasted D. being wasted,B,Exercises,I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。 1. Dont show him the other way of doing it itll only c_ him. 2. I _ (后悔) not having worn a thicker coat yesterday.,regretted,confuse,3. The sailors _ (搏斗) with the winds and waves and finally landed the goods at New York. 4. This plant can grow in many parts of the g_. 5. Some farmers are discussing which c_ they had better grow in the field next year.,crop,battled,globe,II. 根据括号内的汉语提示, 完成下列句子。 1. _ (大声朗读) in the library is a bad habit. 2. Its no use _ (像这样谈话). 3. In my mind, _ _ (进入那所著名的大学) will be the only way to become a world-class writer.,attending the famous university,Reading aloud,talking like this,4. Mary got well-prepared for the job interview, for she couldnt risk _ (丢失这个好机会). 5. He remembered _ _ (没有完成作业), so he got up early to do it the next morning.,not having finished his homework,losing the good opportunity,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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