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Section Learning about Language & Using Language,Step One：Words and Phrases .词汇知识 1_ (adj.) 积极的；肯定的；确实的 2 _ (n.) 移动；运动；动作 3 _ (adj. & adv.) 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的),positive,movement,backward,4 _ (vt. & vi.) (使)旋转；纺(线或纱) 5 _ (adj.) 热情的；热心的 6reject (vt.) _ 7universe (n.) _ 8creative (adj.) _ _,spin,enthusiastic,拒绝；不接受；抛弃,宇宙；世界,有创造力的；创造性的；独创的,.重点短语 1 _ 对严格 2 _ 对有信心 3 _ 对积极 4 _ 擅长 5 _ 有意义，讲得通,be strict with,be confident in,be positive in,be good at,make sense,6 _对谨慎 7prepare for _ 8punish sb.for sth. _ 9encourage sb.to do _ 10lead to _,be cautious of / about,为作准备,因为某事而惩罚某人,鼓励某人干某事,导致,Step Two：Fast Reading Scan the text and then find out the main idea of each paragraph. ANew observations didnt agree with the old theory about the earth. BCopernicus theory is the basis of modern science about the universe. CCopernicus was puzzled as he found the earth was not the centre of the solar system.,DCopernicus new theory that the sun was the centre could explain all the phenomena. ECopernicus improved his theory by collecting observations and using his mathematical knowledge.,Paragraph 1：_ Paragraph 2： _ Paragraph 3： _ Paragraph 4： _ Paragraph 5： _,C,A,E,B,D,Step Three：Careful Reading Read the text and answer these questions. 1What made Copernicus confused? 答案：_ _,His discover that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.,2Why could Copernicus not tell anyone about his theory? 答案：_ _ 3How did Copernicus prove his theory? 答案：_ _,Because the Christian Church would punish him.,He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.,4What did Copernicus do in 1514? 答案：_ _ 5When did Copernicus publish his theory? 答案：_ _,He showed his theory privately to his friends.,He published it in 1543，when he was dying.,1contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助 归纳拓展,Delegates from both developing and developed nations have urged the United States to show sincerity and contribute more to the progress of climate negotiations at the UNs climate change conference here Wednesday. 在星期三举行的联合国气候变化大会上，来自发展中国家和发达国家的代表已敦促美国拿出诚意，推进气候变化谈判的进程。,She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.她给这家杂志撰写了一些稿件。 Lack of confidence contributed to his failure.缺乏信心导致了他的失败。,Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.好多人给那个可怜的孩子捐钱，使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到了报社。 【联想】 contribution n贡献；捐献,2apart from. 除之外；此外 (教材原句)Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的结构外,你还学过下面的短语。 Apart from a few words，I do not know any French at all. 除了会说这几个单词外,我根本就不懂法语。,Apart from his intelligence，he was tirelessly industrious. 除了很聪颖之外，他还是一个孜孜不倦的勤奋的人。 Apart from grammar，this article is all right. 除语法外，这篇文章还是不错的。,易混辨析 apart from/besides/except/except for,巧学活用 11补全句子 他向灾区捐助了100万美元。 He _ one million dollars _ the flooded area.,contributed,to,12单项填空 The scientists research has _ much _ the development of the project. Acontributed；for Bdevoted；to Ccontributed；to Ddonated；to,解析：选C。句意：这个科学家的研究有助于这一项目的发展。contribute to.是“有助于；促成”之意，相当于make for；而devote.to.相当于donate.to.是“把奉献给；把贡献给”之意。,21同义句改写 He also presented me with two notebooks as well as the pen. _，he also presented me with two notebooks.,Apart from the pen,22单项填空 In general，he is a kind and easygoing person _ his carelessness. Abesides Bexcept Capart from Dfar from,解析：选C。句意：大体而言，除了粗心外，他是一个和蔼可亲容易相处的人。apart from“除了外”之意，相当于except for；而besides “还有”；except“除去外”；far from“远非，绝不是”。,【联想】 aside from.除了之外,3 be strict with sb. 对严格 be strict in/about sth.对某事物要求严格,归纳拓展 Considering that he is just a child，she was not very strict with him. 考虑到他只是个孩子，她没有太严格要求他。 The teacher is strict in his students homework. 老师对学生的家庭作业要求合格。,John is a doctor and he is strict about his work. 约翰是医生，他对工作一丝不苟。 4make sense 讲得通；有意义 (教材原句) Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky makesense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能够说得清楚。,make sense of 弄懂的意义； 搞清楚的意思 in a/some sense 从某种意义上,归纳拓展 This sentence just doesnt make sense，no matter how you read it. 无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。 With the help of my English teacher，I made sense of the passage. 在英语老师的帮助下，我理解了这段文章。,In a sense，what he said is not in agreement with what he did. 从某种意义上说，他言行不一致。,5enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 (教材原句)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious. 他的朋友们都很感兴趣并鼓励他发表他的理论，但是哥白尼很小心。 be enthusiastic about 对热心；热衷于,归纳拓展 She is very enthusiastic about school activities. 她对学校的活动非常热心。 My little brother is very enthusiastic about going to kindergarten. 我小弟弟非常热衷于上幼稚园。,The music was performed by the girl before an enthusiastic audience. 这个女孩在热情的听众之前演奏音乐。 【联想】 enthusiasm n热情；热心,6cautious adj.谨慎的；小心的 (教材原句)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious. 他的朋友们都很感兴趣并鼓励他发表他的理论，但是哥白尼很小心。,be cautious about/of.小心； 对谨慎 be cautious to do 做某事,归纳拓展 31补全句子 我是由外婆抚养大的，外婆对我的教育很严格。 I was brought up by my grandma and she _.,was very strict with me,32单项填空 He was very _ with us during the training and very kind to us afterwards. Aseriously Bstrict Ctough Dconcerned,解析：选B。句意：在训练时，他对我们非常严格，但是训练过后，他会对我们非常和蔼。与后面的kind相呼应，故此处用strict表示“严格的”；be strict with sb.是“对某人严格要求”之意，符合语境；而seriously是副词，意为“严肃地，认真地”；tough“艰难的，坚硬的”；concerned“担忧的”。,41同义句改写 I cant understand the meaning of the sentence even if the teacher has explained it to me once again. I cant _ the sentence even if the teacher has explained it to me once again.,make sense of,42单项填空 With time going by，you will _ the meaning of the saying. Amake sense Bmake up Cmake sense of Dknow about,解析：选C。句意：随着时间的推移，你会理解这句谚语的意义的。make sense of是“理解”之意，符合语境；而make sense“讲得通；有意义”；make up“组成；构成”；know about“了解”。,51翻译句子 他热衷于体育运动。 _ 52单项填空 Once he was a/an _ football player，but recently he seems to have become uninterested.,He is enthusiastic about sports.,Acurious Bindifferent Cwarmhearted DEnthusiastic 解析：选D。句意：过去他对足球很热心，可是近来他好象变得没有兴趣了。enthusiastic是“热情的，热心的”，与后面的uninterested“不感兴趣的”形成反义复现；curious“好奇的”；indifferent“漠不关心的；冷淡的”；warmhearted“热心肠的”。,61补全句子 他十分谨慎，从不轻易给别人提建议。 He is very _ offering advice. My friends around me were always very cautious of being cheated. 我周围的朋友总是非常小心受骗。,cautious about/of,The boss is cautious about making promise.老板从不轻易作出承诺。 She is cautious not to walk alone at night.她很小心晚上不独行。 【联想】 cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 caution n小心；谨慎 with caution 小心地；谨慎地,7reject vt.拒绝；不接受；摒弃 (教材原句)The Christian Church rejected his theory，saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked. 基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，声称它违背上帝的旨意，那些支持它的人要受到攻击。,Badminton has become the latest sport to reject a possible moneysaving switch to Wembley Arena at the 2012 London Olympics. 羽毛球在2012年伦敦奥运会上已成为拒绝一个对温布利体育场可能省钱计划的最新运动。 He rejected my offer of help.他拒绝了我的援助提议。 The proposal was rejected by the committee.提案遭到委员会否决。,易混辨析 reject/refuse,【联想】 rejection n拒绝 62单项填空 She is intensely _not to make mistakes in spelling. Acautious Bcareless Canxious Dupset,解析：选A。句意：她非常小心，免得出现拼写错误。 cautious是“谨慎的”，符合语境；而careless“粗心的”；anxious“焦急的”；upset“心烦意乱的”。,71同义句改写 He was turned down by the club because of his overage. He _ by the club because of his overage.,was rejected,72单项填空 Sometimes even if you are totally qualified for the job you may still be_. Aapproved Bappreciated Crejected Dallowed,解析：选C。句意：有时候，即使你完全有资格胜任这份工作，你仍然有可能遭到拒绝。reject是“拒绝”之意，与题干中的even if.相呼应；而approve“同意，批准”；appreciate“欣赏”；allow“允许”。,1(教材原句)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能够讲得通。 句法分析 only 修饰状语并且位于句首时,主句用部分倒装语序。即把主句中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be置于主语前。,Only in this way can we solve this problem. 只有用这种办法，你才能解决这个问题。 Only when he read the newspaper did he know the story. 他看了报纸后才知道那则报道。 Only if you study hard can you get good results. 只有你肯努力，才能得到好的学习成绩。,【点津提示】 only修饰主语位于句首时，用正常语序。 Only she can persuade him to give up smoking. 只有她才能够劝说他戒掉烟。,易混辨析 only if/if only,巧学活用 11补全句子 (1)只有尽了最大的努力，你将来才不会后悔。 Only if you try your best _in the futue.,will you not regret,12单项填空 _we continue to work hard，can we fulfill the task ahead. AAs soon as BIf only CAs well as DOnly if,解析：选D。句意：只要我们继续努力工作，我们就能提前完成任务。only if是“只要”之意，符合语境；as soon as“一就”；as well as“和；也”； if only“要是就好了”。,2(教材原句)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把固定着的太阳放在太阳系的中心位置，行星都绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。,句法分析 (1)and后面承前省略了with，即with only the moon still going round the earth。 (2)句中的“with the planets going round it”以及“with only the moon still going round the earth”均是“with宾语宾补”的复合结构，在句中作状语。 with复合结构的形式：,with 名词/代词adj./adv. with名词/代词介词短语 with名词/代词现在分词(表示主动和进行) with名词/代词过去分词(表示被动和完成) with名词/代词不定式(表示动作未发生),归纳拓展 They left the room with the lights still on. 他们离开了房间，灯还亮着。 With him leading the way，we got to the mountain village ahead of time. 由他带路，我们提前到达那个山村。,With the work finished，they went out to play. 任务做完了，她们出去玩去了。 With nothing to do，I went out for a walk. 由于没有什么事情可做，我便到外面去散步。,21补全句子 爱丽丝穿着鞋躺在床上。 Alice was lying on the bed _.,with her shoes on,22单项填空 The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. Alaid Blaying Cto lay Dbeing laid,解析：选A。句意：客厅干净、整洁，一张餐桌已经摆好，就等着煮饭了。table与lay之间是动词和宾语的关系，故用过去分词laid作with的宾语补足语，表示被动和完成的意义。,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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