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Grammar主谓一致,Unit 3Tomorrows World,遵循三个原则：语法一致，意义一致和就近原则 1. 语法一致指主语和谓语在人称上一致 His secretary often answers the phone for him. 2. 意义一致，是指谓语动词的单复取决于主语所表示的 内在涵义 Maths is one of the basic courses in middle school. 3. 就近一致，是指由连词or, neithernor, eitheror, whether.or, notbut, not only.but also,或 在there be 句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式与靠近它的 主语在人称和数上保持一致,There is a book, two notebooks on the desk. Either he or his sisters are going to Qingdao today.,集体名词：people, police, cattle等作主语，谓语动词 一般用复数 Cattle were seen grazing in the fields. The police are searching the wood for a robber.,2. 有些集体名词表示物体的总称：clothing, jewellery, furniture, machinery等在句中做主语时，动词用单数形式，但不能和不定冠词连用 Our clothing protects us from cold. Jewellery is what she likes most.,3. 有些集体名词，如：family, group, class, army, public, government, team等，作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语章内容而定，如果它们作为一个集体单位时，谓语动词用单数，如就其中的各成员来说，则谓语动词用复数 His family lives in Beijing. His family were watching TV when I went in . The football team are having bath now. A team that is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.,4. 一些由两部分构成的表示服饰，工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式，如:glasses, trousers, shoes, chopsticks, scissors, compasses, stocks, pants, shorts等，当这些词前有a pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词常用单数,The trousers are in the box. There is a pair of trousers in the box. There are two pairs of trousers in the box.,5. 数词或表示度量，时间，价值等复数名词作主语时可以看成一个整体，动词用单数形式 One thousand dollars seems a large sum of money. Five hours is enough for me to do the work. Fifteen divided by five is three.,6. the + 形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式 The old are taken good care of in our country. The rich are for the act while the poor are against it.,7. 形容词表示抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 The beautiful lives forever. The well(好事) that men do lives after them.,8. each ,every, either, neither作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 Neither of the answers is correct. Every cinema he came to was crowded.,9. 不定代词none以及由“none/either/neither + of +复数名词代词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思 Of his three sons none likes sports. None of my friends ever come/comes to see me here.,10. most,half 等不定代词作主语时，根据意义原则确定谓语动词的单复数形式 1.Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 2.Half of the students come from the south.,11. all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语动词用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语动词用单数 1. All are happy to hear the news. 2. All is calm, all is bright.,12. some, any, no, every与body, one和thing构成复数合代词作主语时，动词常用单数形式 1. Everything goes well with me. 2. Nobody likes him.,13. 由and 或bothand连接并列主语时，用复数 1. Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop. 2. The red rose and the white rose are beautiful.,14. 并列主语如果表示同一个，同一个事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式 The secretary and principal of the school was present at the meeting. 2. The writer and poet is my close friend.,15. 如果一个句子有两个主语，其中一个是肯定的，另一个是否定的，谓语动词应与肯定的主语相一致 1. I ,not you, am fit for the job. 2. He, not I ,has received the prize.,16. 如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except, besides, including, no less than, rather than, as much as, more than, along with, in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式，如果主语是复数，则谓语动词也用复数 1. Sunshine, as well as water, is important for plants. 2. Mr Wang, together with his wife and children, is arriving tomorrow.,17. more than one 和 many a 单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式 1. More than one pilot was killed in the air raid. 2. Many a man has that kind of opportunity.,18. number 作主语时，如果是a number of 结构，它主 要修饰可数名词复数，所以谓语动词应该用复数如果是 the number of 结构,则指数量的总和谓语动词用单数 There are a number of people at the station. The number of students in this university is 30,000.,19. one of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，但如果是 the only/very one of +复数名词,谓语动词用单数 1. He is the only one of the boys who is going to visit Japan next month. 2. He is one of those persons who always think they are right.,20. 主语从句常作单数看待，即主句中的谓语动词常用单数形式 1. Whether he will come here is not known. 2. What you need is nore practice. 由what引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词的数根据意义决定，如果主句的表语是单数，主句的谓语当然是单数，反之用复数如： 1. What my father left me are a few English books. 2. What I want is a new bike.,be set in 以为背景 pass on 传递 a sense of happiness 幸福感 enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事 thousands of 成千上万的 in reality 实际上 be connected to 与相连接 set up 建立,竖立 put forward 提出（观点、议案等） bring history alive 使历史再现 last but not least 最后但同样重要的 be accused of 被控告犯有罪 close down 关闭，使倒闭 make a profit 赚取利润 leave sb with 给某人留下 go on a virtual trip to 虚拟旅行 belong to 属于 be responsible for 对负责,move round 四处移动 invest in 投资于 sign ones name for 给签名 take the risk of 冒危险 tell of 讲述 end in failure 以失败告终 draw a conclusion 得出结论 on display 展览 tellfrom 把和区分 concentrate on 专注于 go bankrupt 破产 in my opinion 在我看来 voice ones opinions 表达某人的看法 fall off 从上掉下来; 脱落 come across 遭遇,偶遇 science fiction 科幻小说 keep/get in touch with 和保持(取得)联系 be trapped in 被困在 at a speed of 以的速度 with the help of 由于的帮助 deliver into 送进 give out 发出(气味、热等); 用完, 耗光; 筋疲力尽,除汤姆去了以外，我们都去了。 We all went there besides Tom. 他不会介意你迟到的，何况几乎不是你的错。 He wont mind your being late besides, its hardly your fault. The playground is often crowded with many people _ it rains. except that B. except when C. except D. besides Im worn out, _ , the bike doesnt work well, so I cant go farther. A. apart from B. except for C. beside D. besides,B,D,他的表演给我留下了深刻的印象。 I _ his performances. 他把图案压印在布上。 He impressed the design on the cloth. 我父亲让我铭记艰苦劳动的价值。 My father impressed on me the value of hard work. Although he has lived with us for years, he didnt leave us with much _. view B. impression C. looks D. appearance I was impressed _ the efficiency of the work done in the company. A. in B. for C. about D. with,was very impressed by,B,D,机长向乘客宣布飞机就要着陆了。 The captain announced to the passengers that the plane was going to land. 经过几周的讨论之后，今天公布了和平协议。 Todays announcement of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion. I must _ that its more difficult than I thought it would be. admit B. declare C. announce D. report When everyone arrived, the host _ the beginning of the feast. A. declare B. announce C. claimed D. shouted,A,B,他是唯一的候选人，因此他当选了。 He is the only candidate; therefore, he was elected. 他违反了校规，因此受到了批评。 He broke the rules of our school; therefore, he was criticized. Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides,A,用force, power, energy, strength填空。 This greatest leader in India didnt approve of _ to liberate his country. 2. More and more people are using solar _ in their daily life. 3. I do think that playing computer games is a waste of time and _. 4. We students need more excise every day to build up our health and _.,force,power / energy,energy,strength,Neither side was willing to give in at all and so no agreement _. A. reached B. had reached C. was reached D. will be reached A board _ by the side of the wall on which these words _, “Danger, keep off”. A. was set up ; were written B. set up ; wrote C. put ; wrote D. was set up ; is written 3. Did you enjoy last nights concert? Yes, though the last piece _ rather poorly. played B. was played C. was playing D. had played 4. The soil _ away in this way. A. doesnt wash B. didnt be washed C. isnt washed D. wont wash,C,A,B,C,In Australia, he made a lot of friends _ English well to make himself _. A. learn ; understand B. to learn ; understood C. learning ; understand D. learned ; understood 6. Why must the cows _ the trees? be away to B. be kept away C. be kept away from D. keep away to Im going to make an early start _ I wont get stuck in the traffic. A. in case B. because C. so that D. until 8. _ over the undecided voters, they are working twice as hard. A. Having won B. Won C. Winning D. To win 9. The building which _ last year _ really beautiful. A. was built; looks B. was building ; looks C. was built; is looked D. was building; is looking,B,C,C,D,A,1. be set in 2. a sense of happiness 3. pass on 4. enable sb to do sth 5. last but not least 6. thousands of 7. be connected to 8. in reality 9. put forward 10. bring history alive 11.give out 12. be accused of 13. leave sb with 14.set up 15. close down 16. belong to 17. make a profit 18. go on a virtual trip to 19. be responsible for 20. move round 21. invest in 22. on display 23. sign ones name for 24. take the risk of 25. end in failure 26. keep/get in touch with 27. draw a conclusion 28. voice ones opinions 29. tellfrom 30. concentrate on 31. fall off 32. go bankrupt 33.in my opinion 34. come across 35. science fiction 36. tell of 37. at a speed of 38. be trapped in 39. with the help of 40. deliver into,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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