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gkxx精品课件,Unit 2 The Environment,Grammar and usage,gkxx精品课件,-ing form,Grammar and usage,gkxx精品课件,This lesson is boring. There are sleeping students in class.,（表语）,（定语）,gkxx精品课件,Functions as an adjective:,V-ing形式可以同形容词一样置于名词 之前修饰名词。,有时V-ing形式也可用副词修饰。,V-ing 形式亦可以同定语从句一样置于 名词之后修饰名词，可以转化成定语从 句。,V-ing 形式可以用作表语或宾语的补 语。,gkxx精品课件,4. The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,2. The man running in the picture is Liu Xiang.,1. a running man,3. The man running fastest got the first place.,Attribute:,gkxx精品课件,小 结:,V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在进行（如例1、2）或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系（如例3）。,gkxx精品课件,小 结:,单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前（如例1）；V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后（如例2、3），此时相当于一个定语从句（如例4）。,gkxx精品课件,Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses. The teacher teaching us English is Ms Zhou. =The teacher who is teaching us English is Ms Zhou.,gkxx精品课件,The people sitting behind us are all teachers.,The expert coming from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.,=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.,=The expert who comes from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.,gkxx精品课件,Translate the following phrases.,a reading room,a washing machine,an exciting evening,an interesting crosstalk,阅览室,洗衣机,激动人心的夜晚,有趣的相声,gkxx精品课件,a sleeping car,a smoking room,listening practice,an opening speech,a booking office,running water,卧铺车,吸烟室,听力练习,开幕词,售票处,自来水,gkxx精品课件,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.,Object Complement:,The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.,We have the fire burning all day.,gkxx精品课件,V-ing形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作（如例1、2、3），或强调一个过程或一种状态。（如例4）,小 结 ：,gkxx精品课件,V-ing形式作宾语补足语时，往往同宾语存在逻辑主动关系。,小 结 ：,gkxx精品课件,V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：,make, let, have, keep, leave, see, watch, hear, notice, find, feel 等。,小 结 ：,gkxx精品课件,1. Sixty million people _ (live) in rural areas are moving to the cities every year. 2. The bottle _ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory.,Practice,living,containing,Fill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.,gkxx精品课件,3. The man _ (sit) on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University. 4. The children _ (play) the violin over there will give a performance next week. 5. Our trip was _ (disappoint). We did not find any unusual plants.,sitting,playing,disappointing,gkxx精品课件,6. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 7. We heard them _ (quarrel) about money after the concert; they looked very angry. 8. I heard him _ (drop) lots of coins into the collecting tin.,forcing,quarreling,dropping,gkxx精品课件,9. You can see them _ (perform) every night this week at the New Theatre. 10. The news was _(shock). All the three boats had sunk in the storm.,performing,shocking,gkxx精品课件,Function as an adverb:,常用于 stand, sit, lie 等动词之后表 示伴随的状态。,V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原 因、结果、条件等状语。,gkxx精品课件,1. 作时间状语 -ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。,gkxx精品课件,Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 2. 作原因状语 -ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如： Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,gkxx精品课件,=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。 Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。,gkxx精品课件,3. 作条件状语 -ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如： Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.,gkxx精品课件,=If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。 4. 作让步状语 -ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if, though 连用。如：,gkxx精品课件,Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food. =Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,gkxx精品课件,5. 作伴随状语 置于句首或句末。如： They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,gkxx精品课件,When working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. =When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.,注意： 1. -ing短语与when, while, though, until, if等连词连用时，相当于这些连引导的一个从句。如：,gkxx精品课件,Though willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation. =Though he was willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation. While staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice. =While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.,gkxx精品课件,If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. =If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time. Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. =Though it was raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.,gkxx精品课件,2. 动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如： He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. = When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.,gkxx精品课件,小 结:,V-ing有其完成式having done, 表示分 词动作发生于主句动作之前。 表示时间状语时常同连词when, whenever, while, once, until等连用。 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主 语一致且有逻辑主动关系，往往可转换 为相应的状语从句。 V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之前。,gkxx精品课件,1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. 2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.,Choose the correct sentence.,gkxx精品课件,3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden. 4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.,gkxx精品课件,5. a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.,-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。 如： He sat there, not knowing what to say.,gkxx精品课件,1. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause 2. One by one Peter sold his bits and pieces, _ only a mite of their worth. A. getting B. got C. to get D. get,Exercise,gkxx精品课件,3. After seeing the movie, _. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him,gkxx精品课件,4. The next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 5. There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed,gkxx精品课件,6. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing,gkxx精品课件,7. “Cant you read?” Mary said_ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing,gkxx精品课件,8. He worked day and night, _ his task ahead of time. A. finished B. finishing C. finish D. to finish 9. I was in the bathroom, not _ the knock at the door. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard,gkxx精品课件,10. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received,gkxx精品课件,11. What worried the boy most was _ to visit his father in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. having not been allowed D. his being not allowed,gkxx精品课件,12. They apologized for _ to attend the meeting. A. their not being able B. their being not able C. them not able D. them being able not,gkxx精品课件,高考链接 1. We all found his argument convincing and interesting. (P28) 考点 V-ing形式作宾语补足语。 考例 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. （NMET 2003） smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked.,gkxx精品课件,点拨 选B。he 和smoke是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用V-ing形式。该句中的“he is found”是被动语态，还原成主动语态应该是“find him smoking”。,gkxx精品课件,2. We are making bigger holes in the nets, hoping to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown.(P30) 考点 V-ing形式作原因状语。相当于一个由because 引导的原因状语从句。,gkxx精品课件,考例 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. (2006全国卷III) A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 点拨 选A。we 与think 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。句子相当于：We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, because we think that all children like these things.,gkxx精品课件,3. He travelled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket. (P30) 考点 当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。,gkxx精品课件,考例 While watching television, _. （2005全国卷II） A the doorbell rang B the doorbell rings C we heard the doorbell ring D we heard the doorbell rings,gkxx精品课件,点拨 选C。由前面分词结构While watching television可以看出：watching television是由人发出的动作，其主语应当是和主句的逻辑主语一致的，所以主句的主语应该是人。,gkxx精品课件,4. He sat there, not knowing what to say. (P30) 考点 非谓语动词的否定形式是在非谓语动词前面加上not。,gkxx精品课件,考例 _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （广东2004） Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed,gkxx精品课件,点拨 选C。该句主语是they，和complete 是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用V-ing形式表示主动。complete the programme这个动作发生在have to stay there . 动作之前，故用完成时态。,gkxx精品课件,Thank you,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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