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Module 1 Unit 2 Growing pains,重点单词,1surprise vt.使惊奇；n.U惊讶，突然袭击 C惊人的事物 【用法拓展】 (1)to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 come as a surprise 意料之外 give sb.a surprise 使某人感到诧异 take sb./sth.by surprise突袭，使大吃一惊 in surprise 吃惊地,(2)surprising adj.令人惊讶的 surprised adj.惊讶的 be surprised to do(hear，see，find，etc.)sth.很惊奇地做(听，看，发现)某事 be surprised at sth.对感到惊奇 To our surprise，she doesnt even know where the difference between the two opinions lies. 让我们惊讶的是她竟然不知道这两种意见的区别所在。 She looked up in surprise when I shouted. 我叫喊时，她吃惊地抬起头来看。 It doesnt surprise me that their parents dont want them to get married. 他们的父母不想让他们俩结婚，我并不感到意外。剑桥高阶 It was a pleasant surprise to learn of her marriage. 得知她结婚是件令人惊喜的事。,即学即用,单项选择 It is really_ that the pyramids are built of stones _ several tons each. (2009长沙市高三模拟) Asurprising；weighing Bsurprised；weighed Csurprising；weighed Dsurprised；weighing 答案：A 完成句子 The incident came as quite _ _ _ _(出乎他们的意料) 答案：a surprise to them Hurry up，Linda.I _ _ _ _ _ _ _(迫不及待要给他们一个惊喜) 答案：cant wait to give them a surprise,2explain vt.&vi.解释，说明 【用法拓展】 (1)explain sth.to sb.explain to sb.sth.向某人解释某事 explain oneself为自己的行为作说明或解释 explain(to sb.)从句(向某人)解释 (2)explanation n解释，说明 the explanation for sth.对某事的解释 Please explain to me how to run this machine. 请向我说明一下如何使用这台机器。 She explained that she was going to stay with her sister. 她解释说她要去和妹妹一起住。剑桥高阶 She didnt give a very adequate explanation for being late. 她未给出充足的理由说明迟到的原因。 【特别提醒】 explain后不能直接跟人作宾语，表示“向某人解释”时， 要用to sb.即explain sth.to sb.或explain to sb.sth.,即学即用,Mr.Li didnt believe the reason _ for his being late for class. Ahe explained Bthat he expressed Chow he explained Dwhy he expressed 答案：A,3punish vt.惩罚，处罚 【用法拓展】 (1)punish sb.for sth.因某事处罚某人 punish sb.with/by 用处罚某人 (2)punishment n惩罚 punished adj.惩罚的 unpunished adj.免受惩罚的,Does nature punish man for his greed？ 自然会惩罚人类的贪婪吗？ He punished the class by giving them extra work. 他给这班学生多留了些作业作为对他们的惩罚。剑桥高阶 As their punishment，some leaders have to resign because of Sanlu milk powder event. 作为惩罚，一些领导不得不因为三鹿奶粉事件而辞职。,即学即用,完成句子 We are determined that the terrorists wont _ _(逃脱惩罚) 答案：escape punishment He _(惩罚)the children for their carelessness _ (通过)making them pay for the damage. 答案：punished，by,4scene n(戏剧的)一场；场面，场景；景色 【用法拓展】 behind the scenes 在后台，(喻)在幕后 on the scene (口语)出现，到场 come on the scene 出场，登场 the scene of accident 事故现场 The family reunion scene was the best part of the play. 全家团圆那一场戏是全剧最精彩的部分。美国传统 The police arrived at the scene of the accident immediately.警察立刻赶到了事故现场。 What a quiet but lively scene！Lambs frisked about in the pastures. 小羊在牧场上跳来跳去，这是一幅多么恬静而又生动 的画面啊！,【易混辨析】 scene/scenery/sight/view (1)scene 指展现在眼前的情景，也包括人的活动。 (2)scenery指某地总的自然风景，尤指美丽的乡村景色。 一般作不可数名词。 (3)sight既可以指眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风 景。在表达后者的含义时，必须用复数。 (4)view常指从远处或高处看到的景色，有时可与scene 互换。,即学即用,The first time I toured the Great Wall，I was deeply impressed with the beautiful _. Aview Bsign Cscene Dscenery 答案：D The_ of the story is Russia during World War . Aview Bsign Cscene Dscenery 答案：C,5deserve vt.值得，应得 【用法拓展】 deserven./to do 值得(做) deserve doing/to be done值得被做 deserve to be punisheddeserve punishment 应该被罚 Chris deserves our special thanks for all his efforts. 我们应该特别感谢克里斯所付出的心血。剑桥高阶 You deserve to succeed because you are the best. 你应当成功因为你是最棒的。 Your advice deserves considering Your advice deserves to be considered. 你的建议值得考虑。,即学即用,单项选择 Do you think these proposals deserve _？ Ato be considered Bconsidering Cconsideration Dall the above 答案：D 完成句子 The problem referred to at the meeting deserves _ _ _(讨论) 答案：to be discussed/discussing,6insist vt.&vi.坚持，坚持认为 【用法拓展】 insist on/upon doing sth.坚持、主张做某事 insist that sb.(should)do sth.坚决要求某人做某事 insist表示“坚持以为，硬说”时，从句用陈述语气 She insisted on adopting an orphan from Wenchuan. 她坚持收养一个来自汶川的孤儿。 She insisted that she(should)adopt an orphan from Wenchuan. We insist that you stay for dinner. 我们一定要你留下来吃晚饭。美国传统,即学即用,单项选择 We insisted that the meaningless argument _. Ashould bring to an end Bwas brought to an end Cmight come to an end Dcome to an end 答案：D Tom insisted what he said _ true and we insisted that he _ and have a look. Abe；should go Bshould be；would go Cwas；go Dwas；would go 答案：C 完成句子 I might fail，but anyhow I _ _ _(坚 持做)it.I dont mind. 答案：insist on doing,7suggest vt.建议，暗示，使想起 【用法拓展】 (1)suggest(sb./ones)doing sth./that sb.(should)do sth. 建议某人做某事 suggest sth.to sb.suggest to sb.sth. 向某人建议某事 It is suggested that sb.(should)do sth. 建议某人做某事 suggest表“暗示”时，从句用陈述语气。 (2)suggestion n. 建议，迹象 make a suggestion 提出建议,He suggested taking the children to the zoo. 他提议带孩子去动物园。 All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. 所有的证据都表明是他偷了钱。 I suggest(that)we wait a while before we make any firm decisions. 我建议我们在作出任何明确而肯定的决定之前先考虑片刻。剑桥高阶 【特别提醒】 1)suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用(should)动词原形。 2)suggest作“暗示，表明”讲时，其后的that从句用陈述语气。,即学即用,单项选择 Who will you _ to write the article? _ fits for the job.(2009江苏启东中学模拟) Ahave；Anyone who Bget；Whoever Csuggests；The one who Dhope；Anyone 答案：B His suggestion _ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us. Athat we go Bwhich we should go Cthat we would go Dwe should go 答案：A,完成句子 _ _ _ _ _ _(我 的建议是我们应该)send a few people to help other groups. 答案：My suggestion is that we should The puzzled look on his face _ _ _ _ _(说明他并没有明白)what the teacher had said. 答案：suggested that he didnt understand,8forbid vt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止，反对 【用法拓展】 (1)forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事 forbid doing sth.禁止做某事 forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 (2)Its forbidden to do sth.做某事是禁止的 the Forbidden City 紫禁城 The law forbids the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16. 法律禁止向16岁以下的未成年人出售香烟。剑桥高阶 It is forbidden for anyone to smoke in this room.禁止任何 人在这屋吸烟。 Their father forbade them to go out at night.Their father forbade them from going out at night. 他们的父亲禁止他们晚上出去。,即学即用,翻译句子 他妈妈禁止他在河里游泳。 _ _. 答案：His mother forbade him to swim in the river 我不准你进入这房间。 _ _. 答案：Youre forbidden to enter the room,重点短语,1be supposed to应该，理应 【用法拓展】 suppose sb.to be 推测某人是 be supposed to be 被认为是 be not supposed to 不允许，不应当 I suppose so 我认为是这样 I suppose not 我认为不是这样 It is supposed that.被认为 What is he supposed to be doing now？ 他现在应该做什么呢？ It was generally supposed that it would not happen again. 一般都认为此事不会再发生。 We are not supposed to be here at night. 我们晚上不允许来这里。美国传统,即学即用,单项选择 He _ to the meeting ten minutes earlier，but he was _ by a heavy fog. Awas supposed to come；held out Bis supposed to come；held back Cwas supposed to be coming；held on Dis supposed to have come；held up 答案：D 完成句子 Every student _ _ _(应该)know the regulations of the school. 答案：is supposed to,20,21,2do with处理；对待；忍受 【用法拓展】 do with the problem 处理问题 do with the spare time 处理业余时间 cant do with 无法忍受 have something to do with 与有关 do without 没有也行 【易混辨析】 do with/deal with (1)deal with作“对付，处理”之意时，同do with。在疑 问句中，do with与what连用，what作do的宾语，deal with与how连用。,(2)deal with还可表示“论及；与交易”的意义。 I dont know what to do with my life. I dont know how to deal with my life. 我不知道如何规划我的人生。 We will never deal with that company again. 我们再也不和那家公司做生意了。美国传统 He didnt know what to do with the money his father had left. 他不知道应该如何处理他父亲留下的钱。 What have you done with my umbrella？ 你把我的伞弄到哪里去了？ If we cant afford a car，well just have to do without. 我们要是买不起汽车，也就只好不用了。,即学即用,单项选择 It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. Awhat to do with it Bhow to deal with Cwhat to do with Dhow to be dealt with 答案：A The government was at a loss to know _ to deal with the violence. Awhat Bwhy Chow Dwhere 答案：C,22,23,I think school children _ _ _ _ _ _ _(应该被教会如何处理)dangerous situations. 答案：should be taught how to deal with This book _ _(论及)the ancient history of Egypt. 答案：deals with,完成句子,24,25,3in charge of负责，掌管 【用法拓展】 (1)in/under the charge of 由负责 in charge of 主管，负责 take charge of 接管，管理 put sb.in charge(of)让某人负责 (2)charge sb.(money)for sth.因向某人要钱 free of charge 免费 (3)charge sb.with sth.因某事控告某人 (4)charge a battery 给电池充电,He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 经理不在时，他负责这个商店。 These patients are under the charge of Dr.Wilson. 这些病人由威尔逊医生治疗。 His boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away. 老板让他在她离开的这段时间负责办公室工作。剑桥高阶 He was charged with murder.他被指控犯谋杀罪。 Its not workingI dont think the battery is charging. 它不管用我觉得电池没在充电。剑桥高阶,即学即用,翻译句子 Mary will take charge of the department when the boss is away. _ 答案：老板不在时由玛莉负责部门的事务。 这部手机每5天充一次电。 _ 答案：The mobile phone gets charged every five days. 你可以免费得到一些有用的东西。 _ 答案：You can get something useful for free.,26,27,28,4go out(灯)熄灭；出去 【用法拓展】 go across 走过，经过 go against 违背，不利于 go back 回到，回忆起 go by 过去，逝去 go down 平静，下降 【易混辨析】 go out/put out (1)go out作不及物动词用，表示自行“熄灭”,后面不能接宾语。 (2)put out作及物动词用，表示“熄灭，扑灭火等”。 The firefighters put out the fire within half an hour. 消防员在半小时内扑灭了火。 Its terribly smoky in hereIm just going out for a breath of fresh air. 这里面乌烟瘴气的我只是出去呼吸一下新鲜空气。 剑桥高阶,The candle _ and the room became completely dark. Aput out Bwent on Cput off Dwent out 答案：D,29,即学即用,5. after all 毕竟，终究，到底 【用法拓展】 above all 首先，最重要的是 at all 根本，全然 first of all 首先，第一 in all 总共，总计 all in all 总的来说，从各方面考虑 not at all 一点也不 【特别提醒】 1)after all“毕竟，到底”，含有“要知道，别忘了” 的含义，用来说明或提醒对方，此时after all通常放在句首。 2)当after all放在句末时，含有“虽然但毕竟”的含 义，表示与预期的相反，强调结果或最终结论。,The rain has stopped，so the game will go ahead after all. 雨已经停了，所以比赛还会继续下去。剑桥高阶 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 任何值得做的事情都值得做好。 All in all，I think youve done very well. 总的说来，我觉得你做得很不错。剑桥高阶,即学即用,单项选择 The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings，_，it caused 20 deaths.(2009江苏盐城模拟) Aor else Btherefore Cafter all Dbesides 答案：D 完成句子 你根本不该责备那个男孩，他毕竟还是孩子；最重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。 You shouldnt have scolded the boy_ _；_ _，he is a child._ _，he made only two mistakes _ _. 答案：at all，after all，Above all，in all,30,31,重点句子,1Eric runs in after it，followed by a big dog，walking very slowly.埃里克跑进来追足球，身后跟着一条大狗， 走路慢吞吞的。 【句子分析】 句中的followed by a big dog，和walking very slowly分 别是过去分词短语和现在分词短语作伴随状语。伴随状 语常由现在分词、过去分词或介词短语充当。当伴随 动作由主语发出时，用现在分词；如果是其他人或物发 出时，则用过去分词。,The old scientist entered the lecture hall，followed by some of his students. 那位老科学家走进报告厅，后面跟着他的几个学生。 He sat at the desk by the window，reading a famous novel.他坐在靠窗的桌旁，读一本著名的小说。 He lay in bed，thinking about what had happened that day.他躺在床上，想着那天发生的事情。,即学即用,My sister，an experienced rider，was found sitting on the bicycle_ to balance it.(2008上海) Ahaving tried Btrying Cto try Dtried 答案：B,32,2.Eric sits on his bed looking at Daniel，who has his arms crossed and looks angry. 埃里克坐在床上，看着双臂交叉、表情气愤的丹尼尔。 【句子分析】 句中的has his arms crossed为have sth.(宾语)done(宾补)的结构。 意思是“使处于某种状态，让被做”。这个句型也可以表示 个人遭遇。 【用法拓展】 have sb./sth.doing 让一直做 have sb./sth.do 让(将要或已经)做 have sth.to do 有要做(动作由主语发出) have sth.to be done 有要做(动作不是主语发出) Last year we had the house rebuilt. 去年我们把这房子翻修了一下。(别人的动作) She had her necklace stolen.她的项链让人偷了。(个人遭遇) He had his leg injured while playing football. 他在踢足球时腿受了伤。(个人遭遇), Why are you looking pleased? Oh，Ive just had a job _. Ato offer Boffering Coffered Dbeing offered 答案：C Mr.Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had _ was nowhere to be seen. Ait Bit repaired Crepaired Dto be repaired 答案：C Im going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything _？ Ato be buying Bto buy Cfor buying Dto be bought 答案：D,33,34,35,语法精讲,介词关系代词/关系副词引导的定语从句 一、介词关系代词 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句在英语中很常见，它 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从 句。其中的关系代词常用的有which和whom，但其扩展形 式很多。归纳起来有以下几种： 1“介词关系代词”结构 这是最普遍的结构，其中的介词是从句本身的结构或动词 搭配所要求的。 The goals for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. 他终生奋斗的目标对他似乎不再重要了。,2“代词介词关系代词”结构 用于这个结构中的代词主要有both，all，much，many，(a)few，(a)little，none，some，several，most等。其后的介词多用of。 There are many books on the table，some of which are Professor Blacks. 桌子上有许多书，其中有些是布莱克教授的。 3“名词介词关系代词”结构 这个结构在引出的定语从句中作主语时，要注意谓语动词数的问题。 A survey was carried out on the death rate of newborn babies in that region，the results of which were surprising.曾经对那个地区新生儿死亡率进行过调查，其结果令人吃惊。,4“数词介词关系代词”结构 There are more than 50 students in my class,26 of whom are girls. 我班上有50多位学生，其中26个是女生。 5“形容词介词关系代词”结构 其中形容词多用比较级或最高级，因为形容词前有定冠词the，实际上这个形容词相当于名词。 Our university has many laboratories，the largest of which was built last year. 我们大学里有许多实验室，其中最大的是去年建的。 6“介词whose名词”结构 whose代表先行词的所有格引出定语从句，“whose名词”在从句中作介词的宾语。 The families at whose house we stayed are friends of my fathers. 我们曾在他们家住过的那家人是我父亲的朋友。,【特别提醒】 from where中的where为关系代词，可以引导定语从句。 He climbed up to the top of the temple，from where he could see nothing but trees. 他爬到庙顶，从那里他只看到一些树。,二、关系副词的用法 定语从句中的关系副词有：when，where，why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。 1表时间的名词when定语从句(when指时间，在定语从句中 作时间状语) I still remember the day when I went to the university. 我依然记得我去上大学的那天。 2表地点的名词where定语从句(where指地点，在定语从句 中作地点状语) The factory where he works is in the north of the city. 他工作的那个厂在城市的北面。,3表原因的名词(reason)why定语从句(why只用于 reason之后的限定性定语从句中，在定语从句中作原因状语) This is the reason why I was late for the class. 这是我上课迟到的原因。 【特别提醒】 case，point，condition，situation，system，job，business 等名词后面也可接where引导的定语从句。 The pilot was in a dangerous situation where he might lose control of his plane. 飞行员处于危险的情形，他可能无法控制飞机。,语法专练,1By nine oclock，all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_ appeared a rare rainbow soon.(2008福建) Aof which Bon which Cfrom which Dabove which 解析：本题考查定语从句中介词搭配。根据题意，彩虹出 现在珠峰“上面”，应该用a rare rainbow appeared above Qomolangma。 答案：D 2The man pulled out a gold watch，_were made of small diamonds.(2008陕西) Athe hands of whom Bwhom the hands of Cwhich the hands of Dthe hands of which 解析：先行词是a golden watch，应该用which引导非限制 性定语从句。the hands of which也可以用whose hands替换。 答案：D,3Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.(2009陕西) Aof which Bwith which Cabout which Dinto which 解析：句意：枪支控制是美国人争论了很长时间的一个话 题。此题考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词 为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行词在定语 从句中作about的宾语，介词about提前，故用关系代词 which。 答案：C,4Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. Awith which Bto which Cof which Dfor which 解析：本题考查定语从句中介词搭配。to the degree这里 表示：在某种程度上。 答案：B 5It is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which 解析：先行词是two schools，应该用which引导非限制性 定语从句。both of which are being built表示两所学校都 在被建。 答案：D,6. The book was written in 1946，_ the education system has witnessed great changes. Awhen Bduring which Csince then Dsince when 解析：定语从句中用了现在完成时，表明从1946年 直到现在，教育体系发生了巨大变化。而1946在从 句中作时间状语，所以用when引导定语从句。 答案：D,7She brought with her three friends，none of _ I had ever met before.(2009全国) Athem Bwho Cwhom Dthese 解析：句意：她带了3个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过 的。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是her three friends，代入定语从句后为：I had ever met none of her three friends.而介词后指人时用关系代词whom。 答案：C 8Last week，only two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to buy it. Anone of them Bboth of them Cnone of whom Dneither of whom 解析：根据前面two people came to look at the house，两个人 来看房，肯定用both，否定用neither，加上本题为非限制性 定语从句，所以用neither of whom的结构。B选项中没有连 词，故不能选。 答案：D,9Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumers complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(2008江西) Awhere Bwhen Cwho Dwhich 解析：本题中cases在从句中作状语，所以用where引导定语 从句。本题题意为：稍后在这一章中，一些案例将会被介绍 给读者，在这些案例中，消费者的抱怨导致了法律的改变。 答案：A 10Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with the kids.(2008山东) Awho Bwhich Cwhy Dwhen 解析：occasions在定语从句中作时间状语，用when引导定语 从句，或者也可用on which。本题题意为：我有时间和孩子 们玩一天这样的时候是很少的。 答案：D, You should apologize to her，Barry. _，but its not going to be easy.(2007浙江，3) AI suppose so BI feel so CI prefer to DI like to 解析：根据答语中“可是这并不容易做到”可以判断出前半句应该表示赞成。“I suppose so”表示：我认为应该是这样，最符合本题语境。 答案：A,例1,教材原文对照,But, butyou werent supposed to come home until tomorrow (P22),The message is very important，so it is supposed _ as soon as possible.(2008陕西，11) A.to be sent Bto send Cbeing sent Dsending 解析：本题考查suppose的用法以及非谓语动词。be supposed to do sth.为固定搭配，在本题中相当于should do sth.“应该做某事”。message与send之间是被动关系。 该题的句意是：这条消息很重要，所以应该尽快发出 去。 答案：A,例2,教材原文对照,But, butyou werent supposed to come home until tomorrow. (P22),You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.(2008福建，34) Afor Bwhen Cwith Dwhile 解析：本题考查with的复合结构，her foot和wounded是被动关系，介词for没有这样的用法，when和while是连词，后面应该跟从句。 答案：C,例3,教材原文对照,The room is a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor, and dirty dishes in the sink. (P22),Why are you so anxious? It isnt your problem _.(2008浙江，19) Aon purpose Bin all Con time Dafter all 解析：本题考查词组含义。 on purpose故意，in all总共，on time准时，after all毕竟。本句的意思为：“你为什么这么着急呢？毕竟不是你的问题”。 答案：D,例4,教材原文对照,I didnt fail my maths test after all. (P34),同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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