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gkxx精品课件,Unit 1 Getting along with others,Grammar,gkxx精品课件,Unit 1 Module 5,Grammar and usage To-infinitive and Verb-ing form as a noun,gkxx精品课件,Part 1 To-infinitive,gkxx精品课件,1. to do as a subject The cat said, “to take roller coaster is terrible ”.,The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.”,gkxx精品课件,How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster!,不定式短语作主语时, 可以直接放在句首, 但在很多情况下, 尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中, 往往放在谓语之后, 而用先行代词it作形式主语。,gkxx精品课件,It作形式主语,不定式作真主语常见句型:,Its my duty to teach you how to learn English well. It requires patience to be a good teacher.,a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式,gkxx精品课件,b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式 c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式,gkxx精品课件,2. to do as a predictive,Our most important task now is to make a plan.,当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。,gkxx精品课件,注: 作表语的不定式都带to, 但当主语部分有实义动词do时, to可以省略。,Now the only thing we can do is wait.,gkxx精品课件,当不定式充当表语的时候, 表示具体动作或是将来要发生的动作。如: 1. My wish is to be a doctor. 2. What she wants to do is to tell you a secret. 3. His plan is to go abroad and continue his studies.,gkxx精品课件,PS: 动名词和不定式同样都可以充当表语,两者的区别在于不定式表达是具体或是将来发生动作，而动名词则表示抽象的一般行为。 1. His job is delivering the letters to their destinations. 2. My job is to look after the sister when Mom is cooking.,gkxx精品课件,3. To do as an object The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!” (Tips:不定式否定为not to),可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多, 如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish,gkxx精品课件,2005年天津卷12题：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded,gkxx精品课件,当不定式短语比宾补长时, 往往将 不定式放到宾补后, 而用先行代词it 作形式宾语, 常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。 The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.,gkxx精品课件,b) 只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do, does, did时，通常省略to。,We have no choice but to wait. Cf. We can do nothing but wait.,gkxx精品课件,4. to do as an object complement You should get them to help you. (They will help you.),(常用谓语动词有: get, ask, force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, want, like, expect, advise, beg, cause, persuade, teach, warn, hate, permit,forbid, encourage等。),gkxx精品课件,通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里: Verb +sb/sth + to do sth,gkxx精品课件,The boss made her work long hours. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补,She 主语,was made 谓语,to work 主补,long hours (by her boss).,gkxx精品课件,2005全国卷(I)No.18 While watching television, _. A. The doorbell rang B. The doorbell rings C. We heard the doorbell ring D. We heard the doorbell rings,gkxx精品课件,2005福建卷No.23 If anyone happens to drop in while Im out, _ him or her leave a message. A. have B. get C. ask D.tell,gkxx精品课件,Tips:有些动词后面须接不带to 的不定式做宾语补足语, 常用的动词有:,make, let, have, see; hear, watch, notice, feel; look at, listen to; help, observe 等,但是句子变成被动语态后, 不定式成为句子的主语补足语, 需带to。,gkxx精品课件,I would rather _ (go) swimming. You had better _ (tidy) your bedroom. Why not _ (visit) your cousin in Japan?,Tips:有些句型后面须接不带to的不定式。,go,tidy,visit,gkxx精品课件,She told me _ (be) cheerful and _ (look) on the bright side. We had nothing _ (do) but _ (watch) TV.,Tips: 当两个不定式and, or, expect, but, than或rather than连接起来时， 第二个不定式符号省略。,to be,look,to do,watch,gkxx精品课件,5. to do as an attributive,He has not kept his promise _ (write) to his parents regularly. She made a decision _(go) abroad for a year.,不定式可以在句子充当后置定语, 修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语:,gkxx精品课件, 能带不定式作宾语的动词, 其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等,His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.,gkxx精品课件, 常与不定式搭配的形容词, 其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。 常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等 She was the only person to survive after the earthquake. 序数词,形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。,gkxx精品课件,Hes always the first to come and the last to leave. (=The first comes and the last leaves.)(主谓关系) I have no time to listen to your excuse. (同位关系) She has a meeting to attend. (=attend a meeting) Theres nothing to worry about. (=worry about nothing)(动宾关系),gkxx精品课件,Tips: 不定式在作定语时, 有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系, 如果该不定式是不及物动词, 它后面需要加上适当介词。,gkxx精品课件,6. to do as an adverbial不定式可以作状语, 表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。,2005年辽宁卷22题：All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving,gkxx精品课件, so as to (不能放句首), to, in order to作目的状语,He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found, 在soas to, suchas to, only to 结构中不定式作结果状语, 其中only to用于表示意想不到的结果。,gkxx精品课件,The boy isnt old enough to go to school. = The boy is too young to go to school. enough to, tooto结构,gkxx精品课件,I am glad to meet you. 形容词(glad, happy, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等)+ 不定式结构作原因状语 To tell you the truth, I hate you.,gkxx精品课件,7. 作插入语, 用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释, 如to be frank/honest(坦白地说), to be sure(确实), to make the matter worse(更糟糕的是)等。 The order to start the general attack soon came.,gkxx精品课件,8. 作同位语 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式 Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in. 不定式的进行式：to be + V-ing, 用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。,gkxx精品课件,2005年江苏卷No.25 - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left, 不定式完成式: to have + V-ed构成, 用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。,gkxx精品课件,2006年四川卷No.26 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held,The book is said to have been translated into many languages.,gkxx精品课件,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式要用被动语态。 不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ed和完成式被动to have been V-ed,gkxx精品课件,The question is difficult to answer. He is hard to get along with. Tips:当句式为:主语+be+adj.+to do时,且to do的逻辑宾语是句子主语时, to do不用被动语态。,gkxx精品课件,表 语,主 语,宾 语,不定式,宾语补足语,定 语,状 语,gkxx精品课件,Part 2 Verb-ing form as a noun,gkxx精品课件,1. 动名词的句法功能: 动名词由动词加ing构成, 与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用, 在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。,Seeing is believing. (眼见为实),Collecting stamps is a good hobby.,gkxx精品课件, 作主语, 可以直接放在句首, 但在某些习惯表达法中也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语, 而把动名词后置, 如:,It is no use (good) + 动名词: 做某事没用(不好) Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收) Its no good smoking in public.,gkxx精品课件,His hobby is collecting stamps. 可改为: Collecting stamps is his hobby. Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构) 不能改为: Collecting stamps is he. 作表语: 通常是说明主语的内容, 注 意它与谓语动词进行时的区别,gkxx精品课件,2006年北京卷No.35. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. To work; to stop,gkxx精品课件,2005年上海卷No.32 He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he could not risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost,gkxx精品课件,2006年江苏卷N0.32 - There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been,gkxx精品课件,作宾语 A. 作及物动词的宾语 (stand, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practise, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, escape, miss, risk, deny, allow, forbid等),gkxx精品课件,I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven. I prefer driving to riding.,gkxx精品课件,Tips:有些动词 (continue, prefer,begin, hate, like, start, love)后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语, 意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性, 用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。,gkxx精品课件,2005年北京卷No.30 When asked by police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, but not _. A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave,gkxx精品课件,有些动词, 如forget, remember, regret等, 后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。,gkxx精品课件,B. 作介词的宾语,2005年浙江卷No.3 The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on,gkxx精品课件,be used to doing 习惯于做; look forward to doing 盼望做; devote ones life to doing 致力于做; spend time (in) doing 花时间做; be fond of doing 喜爱做; be good at doing 擅长做; be proud of doing 为做而自豪; be tired of doing 对做感到厌倦; feel like doing 欲想做; lead to导致; insist on坚持要做; object反对; succeed/be successful in 成功地做了,gkxx精品课件,go on doing 继续做(原来的事); keep on doing 不停地做; what about doing 做怎么样; think of doing 考虑做; be interested in doing 对做感兴趣; have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难; be busy (in) doing 忙于做; instead of doing 做而不做,gkxx精品课件,2005年江苏卷No.23 Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up,gkxx精品课件, 作定语,动名词可作前置定语, 表示所修饰的词的用途或目的, 可用for改写;而现在分词作定语时, 可用定语从句改写。,swimming pool, waiting room, walking stick a sleeping car =a car for sleeping a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping,gkxx精品课件,Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs. 作同位语 这就是蚁后的专职工作产卵。 2. 动名词的逻辑主语 Do you mind my smoking here?,gkxx精品课件, 人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格, 即形容词性物主代词。 He was awakened by someone knocking at the door. Theres no need for that being done. 逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时, 很少用所有格, 而用普通格。,gkxx精品课件, 逻辑主语是名词时, 用所有格, 但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。,Marys laughing made Tom angry.,There is no hope of the factory making profit.,gkxx精品课件, 在口语中, 动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。,2005年安徽卷 No.34 I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating,gkxx精品课件,3. 动名词的完成式(having done)、一般式被动(being done)和完成式被动(having been done)。,After having finished his work, he went home. He attended the meeting without being asked. She never told me about her having been interviewed by the police.,gkxx精品课件,表语,主语,宾语,动名词,定语,gkxx精品课件,高考链接 1. I have a very important meeting to attend. (P8) 考点 动词不定式作定语。 考例 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. （四川2006） hold B. holding C. held D. to be held,gkxx精品课件,点拨 选D。根据in 2008可知要用表将来的时态；the 29th Olympic Games和hold之间是被动关系，故答案应选D。动词不定式被动语态作后置定语，表示将来和被动两重含义。,gkxx精品课件,2. Although I have fun with my online friends, I know that my real friends are more important than my online friends.(P11) 考点 although引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”。,gkxx精品课件,考例 _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. （2006全国卷） A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although 点拨 选D。although引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，本句句意为：虽然这位老工人在技术知识方面很有限，但他有丰富的经验。上下句子为转折关系。其他几个连词since（既然），unless（除非），as（当时；因为）在此与句子的逻辑意义不符。,gkxx精品课件,3. We will listen to your problems and offer you practical advice.(P13) 考点 practical 可行的，实用的。 考例 When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers _ suggestions. （2004全国卷 ） careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable,gkxx精品课件,点拨 选B。careful细心的；practical可行的，实用的；effective有效的，生效的；acceptable可接受的。根据句意可知应选B。,gkxx精品课件,4. We wont tell anyone about your call unless you want us to. (P13) 考点 unless 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不，除非”。 考例 _ youve tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. (北京2006) Unless B. Because C. Although D. When,gkxx精品课件,点拨 选A。unless 引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”。句意为：你很难想象它有多么快乐，除非你试过。because因为；although尽管；when当时。,gkxx精品课件,1. Last Sunday morning I set out early to call for Joan, only _ her seriously ill in bed. A. finding B. found C. to find D. find,拓展应用,gkxx精品课件,2. - The housework is too much for me, Jack. - Sorry, but I cant help _ it, Joan, Ive got something important to do, you know. A. do B. doing C. to be doing D. having done,gkxx精品课件,3. - What do you expect me to? - The house needs _. A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to paint,4. Though the little boy didnt admit, he was caught _ in the shop. A. to steal B. stealing C. steal D. stole,gkxx精品课件,5. When I returned, mother happened _ in the kitchen. A. to be cooking B. to cook C. to have cooked D. to be cooked,gkxx精品课件,6. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 7. The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us to _ our studies. A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over,D,A,gkxx精品课件,8. The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. That B. it C. this D. him,B,gkxx精品课件,9. Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made,A,gkxx精品课件,10. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. It what to do with B. what to do it with C. What to do with it D. to do what with it,C,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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