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Module 4 A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood,漫画欣赏,画面描述,Two cups are smiling，regardless of how much water either of them has. One cup is almost full while the other is not.,寓意理解,People should always be optimistic，no matter what they have. Whether rich or poor，we should be happy to do something for society. Giving is the source of happiness.,你能否对此加以扩展，写一篇120词左右的小短文？,重 点 单 词,1attractive adj.有魅力的，吸引人的，引人注意的 He felt an immediate attraction to her，for she is very attractive. 他对她一见钟情，因为她非常迷人。 We need to make the club attractive to(=interesting to) a wider range of people. 我们得让这个俱乐部吸引更广的人群。剑桥高阶,【相关链接】 attract v吸引，引起(注意) attraction n魅力；吸引人的事物 attract ones attention引起某人的注意 attract sb. to+n./pron.把某人吸引到 be attracted to被吸引 have an/no/a little/much attraction for sb.对某人具有/ 不具有/有一点/很有吸引力 【巧学妙记】 要注意一些相似词的拼写和含义： attract v吸引attraction n. attack v攻击attack n. attach v附上attachment n.,即景活用,The citys bright lights，theaters，films，etc. are _. Agreat attraction Bgreat attractions Cattracting Dvery attracted 解析：句意:“城市明亮的灯、影剧院、电影等等都有极大的诱惑力。” 考查可数名词attraction，是有魅力的物。 答案：B 2bother v打扰，麻烦 n烦恼；令人烦恼的人或事 Dont bother me with such simple questions. 不要用这么简单的问题来烦我。 Im sorry to be a bother，but could I have that number again? 对不起打扰你了，请你再告诉我一遍那个号码好吗？剑桥高阶 【知识整合】 bother sb. with sth.拿来烦扰某人,bother sb. for sth.为取得某物而打搅某人 bother about/with sth.为而烦恼；为而费心 bother to do sth.特地做，特意做 have no/much/little bother(in)doing.做不费力/很费力/几乎不费力,【轻巧辨析】 bother/disturb/trouble/annoy 这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。 (1)bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁,可能是故意的， 含有使人讨厌的意味。 (2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气 比bother弱。 (3)trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便， 也常用于礼貌的请求。 (4)annoy通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气。常用被动,表示为某事烦恼、 生气。,即景活用,用适当的介词填空 Dont bother me with such stupid questions. The little boy bothered his father for the radiocontrolled pumpkin car. As everyone in the town knew him，we had no bother in finding his house. 3approach n&v.靠近，接近；方法，途径 His work is approaching perfection. 他的作品近乎完美。 Michael is always very logical in his approach. 迈克尔的处事方法一贯非常合情合理。剑桥高阶 【思维拓展】 (1)at the approach of.在快到的时候 make an approach to.向提出建议(要求) (2)approach to接近，近似，约等于；(做某事)的方法(途径) approach sb. on sth.就某事与某人接洽(商量、交涉) be approaching (to)(与)差不多，大致相等,即景活用,用适当的介词填空 The pigeons flew away at my approach. His method presents a new approach to foreign languages. 4afford v负担得起(的费用)；抽得出(时间) I cant afford to buy a house. 我买不起房子。剑桥高阶 We cant afford to make any mistakes at this stage in the project. 工程进行到这个阶段，犯任何错误我们都承担不起后果。剑桥高阶 Id love to go on holiday but I cant afford the time. 我想去度假，可是抽不出时间来。,【知识拓展】 afford to do sth.负担得起干(费用) afford 给予某人某物,Sb.sth. Sth.to sb.,【友情提示】 afford意为“买得起，负担得起”，常与can，could，be able to连用， 后接名词、代词或不定式。,即景活用,Arent you going to buy that house？It is modern，comfortable and above all，in a quiet neighbourhood. Yes，it is.But Im afraid we cant _ such an expensive house. Aafford Blive Chope Doffer 解析：afford表示“买得起，负担得起”。 答案：A,5survive v幸存；比活得长 The front passengers were lucky to survive the accident. 坐在前面的乘客幸免于难。剑桥高阶 He is survived by his wife and four children. 他死时撇下了他的妻子和4个孩子。剑桥高阶 Some strange customs have survived from earlier times. 有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。 【知识整合】 survive sth.在之后仍然生存，从中逃生 survive sb.(by.)比活得长(几年) survive on sth.靠存活下来 survive from sth.从存活下来；流传下来 survivor n生还者 survival nU存活，幸存 nC残存物；幸存事物,【巧学助记】 The old man survived the earthquake,but nobody knew how he survived. Finally，he survived his wife by 10 years.这位老人在地震中幸免于难， 但是没有人知道他是如何幸存的。最后，他比他的妻子多活了10年。,即景活用,Life was hard at the moment，but we were _. Asurviving Bsurvived Cto survive Dsurvival 解析：句意：“当时生活是很苦,但是我们一定要生存下来。”此句中， survive(vi.)可以排除B和D，从语法角度A、C均可，但were to survive比 较正式，而且表示“有义务、责任，必须去做”。 答案：C,经 典 短 语,1be made of由制作 What is your bracelet made of？ 你的镯子是什么材料做的？ Its made of gold.是金的。 The house was made of wood with an iron roof. 房子是木质的，有一个铁屋顶。剑桥高阶 【轻巧辨析】 be made of由制作(后接原材料，表示由产品能够看出制作的原料来) be made in在制造(接产地、厂家等) be made by被制作(接制造者) be made by hand手工制作；be made by machine机器生产) be made out of由改制成(接原料，表示把一件成品物件改制成另一件) be made into被制作成(接产品、制成品) be made up of由构成(接原料、成分，表示主语整体是由部分构成),即景活用,用适当的介(副)词填空 The chair made of wood looks hard，but it is comfortable to sit on. Paper can be made from wood.That is to say，wood can be made into paper. She has just made a nightgown out of old silk evening dress. This colour TV set is made in China. Most kites are made by hand，not by machine. A football team is made up of 11 members. 2put up举起；架起；张贴；为提供食宿；供膳宿 I put my hand up to ask the teacher a question. 我举起手问了老师一个问题。剑桥高阶 He put up the picture on the wall.他把相片贴在了墙上。 We put up at a small hotel for the night. 我们在一家小旅馆里过的夜。剑桥高阶,【妙辨异同】 put up，set up，build与found (1)put up表示“建造，搭建”时，指高于地平面的建筑物，即“搭起，竖 起，挂起”之意，同set up。 (2)set up还表示“建立，成立”,常与表示“组织、机构、团体”之意的词 连用，这时相当于found，如set up home安家落户。 (3)build意为“建筑，建设，建立”,是最普通的用语，常指建筑大的东西， 可接具体或抽象的名词。 (4)found指建立、成立机构或组织等。此意同set up,但found更强调打基础。 【友情提示】 foundfoundedfounded(建立，成立) findfoundfound(发现),【相关链接】 put away把收起来，存放好 put back放回原处 put forward提出，呈上 put down放下；写下，记下；镇压 put off推迟，拖延 put out扑灭(火)；伸出 put on穿上；上演，上映 put ones heart in to全神贯注于 put an end to使结束,即景活用,This is the picture of the new power station _ in my hometown. Afound Bput up Cbuilding Dfounding 解析：put up在此处为过去分词作定语,表示“建造”。若C为built也可选。 答案：B 3get away from离开，摆脱 No matter how he tried，he couldnt get away from his trouble. 无论他怎样努力，他都不能从困境中解脱出来。 We walked to the next beach to get away from the crowds. 为了避开人群，我们向另一片海滩走去。剑桥高阶 【思维链接】 run away逃离，突然从处跑开 be away from离开(持续性动词短语) take away from从处带走，夺走 keep away from保持距离，不接近 break away from脱离，摆脱，挣脱,即景活用,His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _ from home and earn some money on his own. Arun away Btake away Ckeep away Dget away 解析：句意：他母亲曾认为离开家独立地挣些钱会对他的性格有好处。 get away from离开；run away逃离；take away带走；keep away from远离， 不接近。 答案：D 4a number of许多 A number of wellqualified people have recently left the company. 一些非常称职的人已在最近离开了这家公司。 A number of products on his farm are transported to the big cities. 他农场里的许多农产品都运输到大城市出售。,【指点迷津】 a number of意思是“一些，许多”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓 语动词用复数。 the number of意思是“的数目，数量”，后接可数名词复数，但 作主语时谓语动词用单数。 【知识整合】 (1),a good/great many a large/great/good number of + a good few/quite a few,可数名词复数 （作主语时，谓 语动词用复数）,(2)many a/an+单数可数名词(作主语时，谓语动词用单数),a great/good deal of a great/large amount of quite a little,不可数名词 +（作主语时，谓 语动词用单数）,(3),(4),a lot of=lots of plenty of a large/great quantity of large quantities of,可数名词复数或不可数名 词（作主语时谓语动词形 式根据名词确定；项谓 动用单数；项谓动用复数）,+,即景活用,_ work has been done to improve peoples living standard. AMany BA great many CA large number of DA great amount of 解析：work为不可数名词，故用a great amount of修饰。many， number及其短语只修饰可数名词。 答案：D,重 要 句 型,1Its been six years since we last saw each other.自从上次我们见 面以来已经六年了 含有It is/has been+一段时间+since句式。 It has been/is 10 years since we lived in Shanghai. 我们不在上海住已经十年了。 It has been years since I enjoyed myself so much. 我已有很多年没有那样痛快过了。 It was years since the war had broken out. 战争已经爆发好几年了。 【友情提示】 连词since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时；介词since与表示过去 某一点时间的词语连用；副词since后不用从句或词语。,【用法指津】 It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中动作不能延续)自从 至今已经多久了 It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中动作延续)自从不做 至今已经多久了 【相关链接】 It was long before+从句 过了很久才 It was not long before+从句 不多久就 It will be long before+从句 要过才 It will not be long before+从句 不久就会 这是一组常用句型。主句的谓语可以用will(not)be来表示将来时， long可换成hours，weeks，months，years等。,即景活用,That was really a splendid evening.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. Awhen Bthat Cbefore Dsince 解析：句意：“那真是一个奇妙的夜晚。我已多年没玩得这么开心了。” 本题考查Its.since.句式，故答案是D。(请注意：本题易误看作Its years before.句式，应看清时态，本句式应It will be.before+一般时。) 答案：D 2.This is the first time Ive visited your hometown. 这是我第一次来你们家乡。 It/This is/was the first/second.time that.这是某人第一/二次 It is the first time I have been to London.这是我第一次到伦敦。 It was the first time that I had seen such a wonderful thing. 这是我第一次看见这么好的东西。,【重点提示】 本句型中，it可以换为this，that；is可以换为was，will be；first可以换 为second，third.last time；that从句谓语动词要么用现在完成时，要么 用过去完成时。它的反意疑问句的构成依据主句的主语和谓语而定。 【知识辨析】 the first time“第一次”，用作连词，后接时间状语从句。 for the first time“第一次”，用作介词短语，单独用，不接从句。,即景活用,It is the second time that I _ in Hainan.What great changes have taken place in Hainan！It is ten years since I _ it last time. Ahave been；left Bhad been；left Chave gone；had left Dwent；had left,解析：本题考查了两个句型。一是It is the second time that.句型， that从句用现在完成时；二是It is some time since.句型，since从句用 一般过去时。 答案：A,高 考 经 典 解 读,【例1】 The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure is now approaching 74 million. (2009江苏，21) Ahas grown Bhave grown Cgrew Dare growing 【解题方法指导】 本句中谈论的人口的增长是从1949年一直到现在的人 口的增长，所以应该用现在完成时态。又因为population作主语时谓语动 词应该用单数，所以此题选A。 答案：A,教材原文对照,I ve visited some beautiful cities. (P32),【例2】 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1997. (2009山东，25) Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been 【解题方法指导】 “the number of+n.”作主语时，其谓语动词用单 数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。要注意a number of与the number of的区别。 答案：C,教材原文对照,There are a number of reasons for this. (P39),【例3】 Its the first time that he has been to Australia，_？ (2009辽宁，34) Aisnt he Bhasnt he Cisnt it Dhasnt it 【解题方法指导】 句意：这是他第一次到澳大利亚，不是吗？ Its the first time that.是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成需依据主 句的主语和谓语而定。 答案：C,教材原文对照,This is the first time Ive visited your hometown. (P32),掌握了好的解题方法，具有好的解题习惯，是提高完形填空解题能力的重要因素。下面简述几种解题技巧。,1.根据固定搭配来选择答案 英语中的固定搭配种类繁多，如：固定短语、习语、谚语、惯用法、固定句式等。虽然高考完形填空题中对固定搭配的考查所占比例不大，但是考生如果对这些固定搭配掌握不牢固的话,必须会造成不必要的失分。因此考生要多读、多记，对所学的短语、习语要熟练掌握，并能灵活运用。如： 【典例1】 When we 41 it as a whole，we begin to have some 42 (questions)，which even the best guidebooks do not answer. (2008安徽卷),41A.look at Blook after Clook for Dlook up 解析:首先区别四个选项的含义:look at“看”;look after“照看，照顾”; look for“寻找”;look up“查找(资料)”。由句意可知,答案选A。 答案：A 2利用同义词、近义词或反义词的复现来选择答案 考生在阅读文章的过程中，会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词、近义词或反义词。因此，考生要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推测判断，选出正确答案。如： 【典例2】 Driving home,everyone was in high Christmas spirits， 47 (except) my younger daughter，Ginger，who was unusually 48 .She had only one small，flat bag with a few candiesfiftycent candies！ (2008辽宁卷),48.A.quiet Bexcited Chappy Dashamed 解析：本题属于词语复现类试题,与前面的“in high Christmas spirits”对 应,此处表示Ginger异乎寻常地“安静”。quiet“安静的”;excited“兴奋 的”;happy“高兴的”;ashamed“羞愧的”,根据句意可知,答案选A。 答案：A,3.利用语篇标志来选择答案 语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志语”。表 示结构层次的语篇标志语有firstly，secondly，thirdly，finally等；表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus，therefore，so等；表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides，whats more，further等；表示时间关系的语篇标志语有before， so far，meanwhile，later等；表示转折关系的有but，while，however等。考生在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清 文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。如：,【典例3】 People think children should play sports.Sports are fun，and children keep healthy while playing with others.However，playing sports can have 50 effects on children. (2008上海卷),50.A.restrictive Bnegative Cactive Dinstructive 解析：由“however”可知后面所说的内容与前文内容意思相反，前文讲了sports的优点，故此句说的应是负面影响。因此答案选B。negative意为“否定的，消极的”。restrictive“限制性的”;active“积极的”；instructive“富有教益的”，均不符合语境。 答案：B,4通过文章深层意义来选择答案 通过文章深层意义来选择答案，是完形填空题中难度最大的一种。它要求考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要求他们能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。如： 【典例4】 Since then，I have learned from many mistakes such as the one I just 54 (described)I have learned to be more 55 and not to be too sure of myself. (2008宁夏、海南卷),55.A.careful Bpatient Chonest Dpractical 解析：作者通过描述自己在饭店打工时遇到的一件尴尬事,告诉我们一个人生哲理：做事应该细心,不能过于自信。此处就是对本文主旨的高度概括，因此答案选A，careful“细心的，小心的”。patient“耐心的”；honest“诚实的”；practical“实际的”，均不符合文意。 答案：A,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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