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Section Grammar & Writing,复习动词时态(二) 一、一般过去时 【助记】,1.概念和构成 一般过去时指过去某个时间里发生的动作或 状态以及过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为 其基本结构为be动词行为动词的过去式. 2. 一般过去时的用法 (1)一般过去时主要用于表示过去某一时刻或 某段时间内发生的事或存在的状态(包括习惯 性动作),常与表示过去的时间状语如yesterday, last week等连用. I went to see the film Let the Bullets Fly yesterday. 昨天我去看电影让子弹飞了. (2)在时间、条件状语从句中, 常用一般过去时代替过去将来时, 表示过去将要发生的动作.,We would not leave until the teacher came back. 老师回来我们才会离开. (3)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态. Its time we started.我们该动身了.,(4)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作. He entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully. 他走进房间, 拿起一本杂志, 认真地读起来. (5)表示过去的习惯性动作, 除了用过去式外, 还可以用used to或would来表示.,I used to study late into the night when I was in Senior Three.我上高三时经常学习到深夜. He would sit for hours doing nothing. 他过去常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做.,【辨析】一般过去时, 现在完成时,二、过去进行时 【助记】表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作.,1. 概念和构成 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作 (不强调是否完成). 其结构为was/were动词的ing形式. 2. 过去进行时的用法 (1)过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行或某一段时间内持续进行的动作,常和then, at that time, at eight yesterday, at this time last night, the whole night, those days, from one to five yesterday等时间状语连用. It was raining when we left school. 我们离开学校的时候正在下雨. (2)表示过去将要发生的动作.,He told us the head teacher was arriving here. 他告诉我们班主任就要来了. (3)表示过去计划安排将要发生的事情. He told me that he was going abroad soon. 他告诉我他不久就要出国了. (4)与always, constantly连用, 表示感情色彩.,He was always helping others. 他总是帮助别人. In the past, she was constantly asking questions. 在过去, 她总是问问题. .过去完成时,【助记】,1.概念和构成 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作. 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”. 基本结构：主语had过去分词(done). 2. 过去完成时的用法 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作, 即“过去的过去”.,可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示, 也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示, 还可以通过上下文来表示. They had got everything ready before I came. 在我来到之前, 他们已经把一切准备好了. (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始, 一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态, 常和for, since构成的时间状语连用.,I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车最后来的时候, 我在车站已等了20分钟. He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作.,(3)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想 法、希望、打算或意图等. They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙, 但没有及时赶到那里. We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你.,(4)过去完成时还可用在hardly.when., no sooner.than., It was the first (second, etc.) time (that). 等固定句型中. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲, 听众就打断了他.,No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了. It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了.,【辨析】过去完成时与一般过去时,.用动词的适当时态填空 1. Your phone number again? I _(not catch) it. Its 69568122. 2. The students _(write) busily when Miss Brown went to get the book she _(leave)in the office.,didnt catch,were writing,had left,3. Mary _ (make)a dress when she cut her finger. 4. As she _(read) the newspaper, Granny _(fall) asleep. 5. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _(see) her somewhere. 6. Professor Liu in our school has become one of the top experts in this field.,was making,was reading,fell,had seen,Yes, I know him very well.He once _(work) in Africa. 7. How did you damage your car so badly? I _(run) into a tree yesterday. I suppose you _(drive) too fast. 8. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _(miss) half of it.,worked,ran,were driving,missed,.完成句子 1. 这些花是那么的可爱, 很快就卖完了. The flowers were so lovely that they _in no time. 2. 那天他们重归于好. 到那时为止, 他们近两年没有说话了. They became friends again that day.Until then, they _to each other for nearly two years.,were sold,hadnt spoken,3. 我本打算去了, 但我突然想起来我有作业要做. I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 4. 她昨天晚上八点钟在我家和我一起看电视了. She _TV with me in my home at eight yesterday evening.,was going to,was watching,5. 当我们到达新剧院时, 戏已开演一段时间 了. The play had already been on for quite some time when we _at the New Theatre 6. 我无法接通电话, 她弟弟一直在通话(talk) I couldnt get through.Her brother _on the phone all the time.,arrived,was talking,7. 这个地区的每个孩子都受到了邀请. Every boy and girl in the area _. 8. 看到他脸上愤怒的表情, 我就清楚地知道了我必须面对什么. By the time I saw the angry expression on his face, I _exactly what I was having to face.,was invited,had known,.单项填空 1. (2011高考北京卷)That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there. A. Takes B. has taken C. Took D. was taking,解析：选C. 本题考查动词的时态. 句意：那肯定是一次很长的旅程. 是的, 我们花了整整一周的时间才到达那里. must have done用来表示对过去肯定事实的推测, 由此判断语境指过去, 故排除A项; B项为现在完成时, 强调对现在造成的结果或影响, 属于现在时态范畴, 故排除;,D项为过去进行时, 表示过去正在进行的动 作, 不符合语境, 也应排除. 题干只是在陈述 过去发生的事情, 应用一般过去时, 故选C. 2. (2011高考北京卷)Experiments of this kind _ in both the U. S.and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted,解析：选D. 本题考查时态和语态. 句意：第二次世界大战之前, 在美国和欧洲就曾彻底地进行过这种实验. experiments与conduct之间为被动关系, 故排除A项和C项. conduct这一动作发生在第二次世界大战之前, 即：过去的过去, 所以用过去完成时, 故选择D项.,3. (2010高考课标全国卷)Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? No, I _my homework all day yesterday. A. was B. would do C. had done D. do,解析：选A. 根据时间状语all day yesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在写家庭作业”. 表示在过去某个时间段正在进行的动作, 应用过去进行时, 因此答案应为A. 4. Hi, if you cant enjoy that at a sensible volume, please use the earphone.Im sleeping. Im sorry.I _ realize it _ you.,dont; bothers B. didnt; bothering C. dont; was bothering D. didnt; was bothering 解析：选D. 表示过去一直打扰着别人, 故选 D项.,5. (2012泰安高二检测)There was a knock at the door.It was the third time that someone _ Dr.Yang that evening. had interrupted B. would have interrupted C. have interrupted D. interrupted,解析：选A. 句意：有敲门声. 这是那天晚上第三次有人打扰杨医生了. It was the first (second.) time that主语过去完成时. 6. (2012浙江学军中学高二月考)I dont understand how you got a ticket I always _ you _ a careful driver.,think; are B. am thinking; are C. thought; were D. think; were 解析：选C. 考查动词的时态. 句意：我过去 总以为你是一个细心的司机.,7. (2012杭州西湖中学检测)You speak very good Chinese. Thanks.I _ it for 4 years before I came to China. A. Studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied 解析：选D. 考查动词时态. 此处before I came to China表明study发生在过去的过去, 故用过去完成时.,8. (2011江西南昌一中月考)When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _all except a few words of each. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten,解析：选B. 考查动词的时态. 第一空由时间状语When I was at college可知用一般过去 时; 第二空表示现在的影响和结果, 我全忘了除了每种语言的少量词汇, 故用现在完成时.,9. We got to the station at 800, but the train_at 730. A. Left B. had left C. was leaving D. has left 解析：选A. 有具体的过去时间at 730, 应用一般过去时态.,10. (2012安庆一中高二测试)Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? Yes, he did.He _ his old friends for a long time. A. didnt see B. wouldnt see C. hasnt seen D. hadnt seen,解析：选D. 句意：艾伦昨天和老朋友们玩得高兴吗？是的, 很高兴. 他已经很久没有见到他的老朋友了. 由时间状语 for a long time 知应用完成时, 而“很久没有见到朋友”又是昨天之前的事, 故用过去完成时.,应用文写作：求职信 写作要求 某公司在China Daily上刊登一则广告, 欲招聘英文秘书一名. 假如你是李华, 请你根据下面该公司要求的条件, 写一封求职信. 词数：80120.,要求条件：1.女性, 身体健康, 身高1.65 m 以上; 2. 大专以上学历(有工作经验者优先); 3. 2025周岁(未婚者优先); 4. 擅长写作, 具备扎实的英语基础. _ _ _,审题谋篇,词汇突破,secretary,command,apply for,healthy,from,be good at,publish,pass,be interested in,for,写作要点 1. 我在中国日报上了解到你们在招聘一位秘书. Ive just learned in China Daily that you are _a secretary. 2. 我写信要申请这个职位. Im writing to _.,looking for,apply for this position,3. 我毕业于山东大学英语系. Ive _ the English Department of Shandong University. 4. 我擅长英文写作, 发表过两篇文章. Im good at writing in English and two articles of mine _.,just graduated from,have been published so far,5. 我对这份工作很感兴趣. _ the job. 佳作欣赏 Dear sir, Ive just learned from China Daily that you are looking for a secretary who has a good command of the English language.Im therefore writing to apply for this position.,Im very interested in,Im 22, female, unmarried.Im 1.70 meters tall, slim and healthy.Ive just graduated from the English Department of Shandong University.In my spare time at university, I have worked as a typist for some time.Im also good at writing in English and two articles of mine have been published in 21st century so far.,And I passed the college English Test Band 6 last year. Im very interested in the job.If I can take the position, Ill be thankful to you for your kindness. Im expecting your early reply. Yours, Li Hua,名师点津 【美文点津】 亮点一：审题细致, 把自己的情况介绍得清楚明白, 适当增加了细节, 符合求职信的格式和要求, 语言针对性强. 亮点二：句式结构丰富, 有效使用了宾语从句、定语从句以及条件状语从句、被动语态等, 时态使用准确无误.,亮点三：有效地使用了一些连接上下文的关联词, 如therefore、also等, 使文章更加流畅. 【类文点津】 1. 求职信的写作特点 求职信如同感谢信一样是书信的一种重要形式. 求职信的篇幅不宜过长, 除语气诚恳, 言简意赅外, 还应注意以下几点：,(1)说明申请的具体理由. 如见广告应征, 熟 人介绍, 专业对口等. (2)概括本人的经历和特长, 真诚地表明自己能胜任此项工作或职务. (3)最后一般要写上希望对方积极考虑, 尽早答复或同意请求. (4)有时可加上附件说明你的基本情况.,2. 常用表达 (1)I have learned that you are looking for.and I would like to apply for the position. (2) I have learned from an advertisement that your company is in need of.,(3)The job sounds particularly interesting and it is the kind of work that I have wanted to do for quite a long time. (4)I have worked on.and I am used to working hard. (5)Im sure I will be able to do well if I get the job/position.,(6)I look forward to hearing from you soon. (7)Thank you for your consideration.I wish to get an answer soon. (8)I will be quite appreciate if I am offered the opportunity.,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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