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Module1 Unit1 School life(2),13、approve vt. 同意；许可；对表示认可 vi. 赞成，赞同,Father approved our plan to visit New York. 父亲同意了我们参观纽约的计划。,approve of sb./sth. 同意某人或某事 disapprove vt. 不同意，不赞成 disapproval n. 不同意，不赞成,14、charge n. 价钱；控制；责任；照看，指控 v. 要价，收费；控诉；(公开)指责；命令；使充电；向前冲,i n / have charge of 掌管 charge sb.money (for sth./ to do sth.) (因为某物/做某事)向某人索价/收费 be charged with 被指控犯有罪 charge sb. with 指控某人；赋予某人职责(或任务) take charge (of) 开始掌控/负责某事 in / under the charge of 在的掌管下/由照看 free of charge 免费 Whats the charge for？ 的费用是多少？,Whos in charge around here? 这儿谁负责？ The grocer charged me too much for the apples I bought. 这个食杂店老板卖给我的苹果索价太高了。 She was charged with stealing a car. 她被指控偷了一辆小汽车。 Does your car battery charge easily? 你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗？,D in charge of 掌管；in/under the charge of 在的掌管下。, Who is in _charge of the factory? It is in _ charge of my brother. A. the; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; the,D in charge of 掌管；in/under the charge of 在的掌管下。,Ken . Ken明天开始负责这个部门。,根据句意填词 One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _. The man they arrested last night has been charged _ murder. The restaurant _ us $40 for the wine. Your order will be delivered free of _ within a tenmile limit.,expenses 句意：每月1000千美元并不是一笔大财富，但也足够帮助支付我的生活开支了。 with 句意：昨晚他们逮捕的那人被控犯有谋杀罪。 charged 句意：饭店收了我们40美元的酒水钱。 charge 句意：在10英里范围以内，您的订货将免费送货上门。,1、 for free 免费地，相当于free of charge, without payment,He got the tickets for free. 他免费弄到了这些票。,free adj. 自由的； 空闲的； 不收费的 adv. 免费地 freely adv. 免费地；自由地，无拘无束地；自愿地,He freely admitted his failure. 他心甘情愿地承认了自己的失败。,请猜测下列句中free的具体含义 A. 自由的 B. 空闲的 C. 不收费的 Will you be free at the weekend? I want to invite you to a party. ( ) Sign the form, and you will get a free gift. ( ) He was no longer a slave, but a free man. ( ),B C A,2、for example 例如， 举例来说,For example, John has the same opinion. 例如，约翰也持相同的观点。 Some students, for example, Tom, live in the neighborhood. 有些学生，例如汤姆，也住在附近地区。,A lot of us want to leave now for example, Bill. 我们中有许多人想离开，例如比尔。 He knows several foreign languages, such as English，French and German. 他懂几门外语，如英语、法语和德语。,Noise, _， is a kind of pollution. A. such as B. take for example C. like D. for example,D,3、 know of 听说过或读到某人/某事/知道某人，某事的存在,I knew of it long ago. 我很久以前就听说过此事。 I know of him, but I cant really say that I know him. 我听说过他，可是我不能说我认识他。,be known as作为而出名 be known for因而出名,He is known as a writer. 作为一名作家，他非常有名。 Weifang is known for the kite. 潍坊因为风筝而出名。, Do you _ Mr. Smith? No, I just _ him. A. know; know B. know of; know about C. know; know of D. know about; know,C know of 听说过；know sb.熟悉某事，了解某人。,4、pay attention to 注意(to为介词),You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 你应该多注意你的发音。 He talked loudly, but no one paid him any attention. 他大声喧哗，但是没有人注意他。,B 题意表示“孩子们的注意力突然被吸引到那个过路人身上”，可用draw attention to sb.结构。句子中who引导的定语从句含有had和wore两个并列的谓语动词，都需用过去时，因此答案选B。,The childrens attention was suddenly _ the passerby who had a funny hat on and _ strange clothes. A. drawing to; wearing B. drawn to; wore C. drawn; wearing D. drawing; wore,D pay attention to中的to是介词，后面通常接名词或动名词；get sth. ready 把准备好。,Pay attention to _ everything ready before dark. A. get B. make C. making D. getting,He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. 他还告诉我们最好的赢得尊敬的办法是全身心地投入学习之中并获得高分。,(1)way表示“方法、途径”时常用不定式或of后加动名词作定语，有时用that或in which引导定语从句，且in which可以省略。 Farmers thought of ways to protect their chickens. 农民们想办法来保护小鸡。 Mr. Wang has a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 王先生有一种奇特的方法使他的课堂生动、有趣。,(2)to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades为并列不定式作表语。 To see is to believe.(或Seeing is believing.) 眼见为实。 My hope is to become an excellent teacher. 我的理想是成为一名优秀教师。,B 句意：你想出的完成这项计划的方法是可行的。,The way _ you thought _ the task is possible. A. that; finishing B. which; of finishing C. how; to finish D. how; of finishing,in which,I dont think the way _ _ you speak to your parents is right.,1. D earn ones living 自谋生计。,1You are old enough to _ your own living.(2011辽宁) A. win B. gain C. take D. earn,2. D above average 在平均水平以上。根据前后句意可知。,2He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.(2011天津) A. below B. of C. on D. above,3. D 句意：临床证据不断增加，表明那些新的药物有着比由动物实验中预测到的更广泛的用途。,3Clinical evidence began to _， suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. (2011湖北) A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate,4. A 根据this summer，可知用将来进行时态。,4. Guess what, weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer. How nice! You _ a different culture then. (2010福建) A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced,冠词,英语中常用来表特指，意思相当于this(these)/ that(those)的前位限定词the是定冠词。 a(n)与数词one 同源， 常表类别，被修饰词具有不确定的含义，是“其中一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前， 而an则用于元音音素前。a/an为不定冠词。,一、定冠词the在下列情形中使用 1表示第二次提及或双方都知道的人或物。 2表示世界上独一无二的天体。 3用于单数可数名词前面， 表示某一类人或事物。 4用于形容词、分词前， 表示一类人。 5用于序数词及形容词或副词的最高级前。 6和姓氏复数连用，表“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。 7放在“海洋、河流、岛屿、山系、沙漠及由普通名词构成的国名”前。,8放在娱乐场所或媒体前。 9放在宾馆前。 10放在报纸前。 11放在大型的组织机构及其缩略语前。 12放在人名前加以强调和特指。 13表示发明物。 14放在西洋乐器名称前。 15用于“打/击/牵/拉的动词人介词定冠词身体的部位”句式。 16表示具体某年的某个季节或月份，季节或月份前需用定冠词。,二、不定冠词常用于下列情形中 1当可数名词单数第一次出现时， 用a(n)表示不确定的某个人或物，兼有类别和数量的含义。 2可数名词单数第二次出现，但前面有形容词，仍然用a(n)修饰名词，表达“受限制”的新概念。 3用于可数名词单数前， 代表一类人或事物， 相当于any。 4用于可数名词单数前， 相当于one, per或every，表频率。 5. a(n)用于be of n.结构，说明事物具有同一属性，相当于the same，表示“相同”的意思。,6用于固定搭配。 7物质名词或抽象名词前用a/an，表示种类。 8人名前用a(n)，表示说话者不熟悉的人，相当于“a certain”。 9表示与某名人有类似性质的人或事物。 10用于可数名词单数前，表示数量。 11序数词前面加不定冠词a(n)表示“再一，又一”之意，数字的顺序意义淡化。 12. 形容词最高级前加不定冠词a(n)表示“十分，非常”之意，最高级意义淡化。,三、不用冠词的情形如下 1在抽象名词前不用。 2家庭成员大写时，其前不用冠词。 3表示独一无二的职衔的名词作主补、宾补、表语或同位语时，不用冠词。 4在不含普通名词，而由专有名词组成的国名前不用。但由普通名词组成的国名前要用冠词。如“the Peoples Republic of China”。 5当山(mount)置于山名前时。 6在一日三餐前不用冠词。,7在球类活动前不用冠词。 8当bed, church, court, hospital, prison, school, college, university表达与场所有关的抽象意义而不强调地点意义时不用冠词。 9名词后面跟数字，表顺序时。如：Lesson 3the third lesson 10用Day表达的节日前不用冠词，但用Festival表达的节日前通常加the, 如“the Spring Festival”。 11季节前不用冠词。但指具体某一年的季节要用定冠词， 如：The winter of 2008 was quite cold.,12在as/though引导的让步状语从句的倒装结构中，作表语的单数名词通常不用冠词。 13在turn和go之后的单数名词作表语时。但become之后要用冠词，如：He has become a CEO in a company now. 14“by名词”结构表通讯，交通方式，名词用单数，且前面不用冠词。 15. 在对称结构中，名词前不用冠词。 16. 两个名词并列表示同一概念时，第二个名词不用冠词。,高考湖南卷的冠词常放到完形填空二，也就是Section C中考查，且每年必考一题，分值为1.5分。其考查以不定冠词，尤其是an为主。这是因为定冠词the常可与人称代词its, his, her等混淆，造成答案不唯一。,1不定冠词an用在元音前， a用在辅音前。需要注意的是，不能以单词开头是元音字母或辅音字母为判断依据，因为元音字母有可能发辅音，辅音字母有可能发元音。,单独提及英语字母，其中有11个字母前用不定冠词时要用an: Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Ff, Hh, Ll, Mm, Nn, Ss, Xx。注意：元音字母Uu不在此列。,以eight或8开头的数字前用不定冠词时，要用an。如an 8yearold boy等。,以元音字母u开头的单词前，要根据该字母的具体发音而定。如： a university student和an ugly woman等。另外，以ho开头的单词也是同样，如：an hour等。,2常考含不定冠词的短语,a great deal of a number of all of a sudden once upon a time in a flash after a while have a cold have a rest have a break have a try have a look have a face tell a lie do a good deed,2常考含不定冠词的短语,in a hurry at a speed of make a face keep a diary make a living in a rush go for a walk as a result of have a word with sb. once in a while at a distance have a hard time in a short while have a good time as a matter of fact have a stomachache,3定冠词用法口诀,沙漠河流与群山，列岛海峡与海湾。阶级党派国家名，组织团体和机关。方位朝代独一词，会议文件和报刊。木器建筑海洋群，定冠词可不能删。,姓氏复数国全名，特指重提和唯一，方位顺序和乐器，打中部位最高级。,4常考含定冠词的短语,in the middle of at the same time at the moment the other day at the end of the day after tomorrow take the place of in the beginning at the beginning of on the other side of on the contrary by the end of at the end of in the form of in the habit of in the end on the radio on the phone at the back of on the air at the corner of all over the world on the other hand in the least,5冠词的位置(下列情形可以考虑填冠词),一般来说，冠词位于名词或名词短语的最前面。the last few days 最后几天 在“so/as/too/how形容词a(n)单数可数名词”结构中，冠词置于so/as/too/how修饰的形容词之后。 It is so good a film that all the students will go to see it. 这部电影很好，所有的学生都想去看。 冠词位于such, what, many, not much of等词之后。 He has never written such an interesting book as that. 他从未写过像那本一样有趣的书。,冠词用于quite, rather之后，但另有形容词修饰时，冠词位于quite与rather的前后皆可。 He is quite a man. 他真是男子汉。 It is a rather/rather a hot day. 天很热。 当名词前有all, both, double, exactly, just等词修饰时，定冠词the应位于这些修饰词之后，名词之前。 I have sent both the letters by air mail. 我把两封信都用航空邮件寄出去了。,1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice. A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best,此题容易误选D，认为最高级前用定冠词才是最佳的。其实此题最佳答案为A，该句可视为是下面这句的省略形式：I have never heard a better voice than her voice. 全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过这么好的声音”。请再看以下类似的实例：,He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。 Ive never seen a finer bird. 我从未见过比这更美的鸟(即这是我见过的最美的鸟)。 Ive never found a better job. 这是我找到的最好的工作。,比较以下试题，情形也大致相同： Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest,B 句意为“我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。,“Are you satisfied with his answer？” “Not at all. It couldnt have been _.” A. better B. worse C. more D. less,B 关键是要理解 Not at all 的意思。根据上文语境，Not at all.为 I am not satisfied at all with his answer. 之省略，即表示“我对他的回答一点也不满意”，既然如此，回答语当然会是couldnt have been worse(不可能更糟)。,2. _ is his favorite subject, but he doesnt know _ for “gongzuo” A. English; English B. The English; the English C. English; the English D. The English; English,C 此题容易误选A，认为表示语言的名词前是不用冠词的。的确，英语中表示语言或表示学科的语言名词前习惯上不加冠词，但是它若表示语言中的对应词语时，则其前习惯上要用定冠词，,又如：Whats the Chinese for “work”(work 用汉语怎么说)？另外，在 the English language, the French language 这类带有 language 的表达中也通常要用冠词。顺便说一句，语言名词前习惯上不用物主代词，所以“谁教你们的英语”不能译为 Who teaches your English? 而应译为 Who teaches you English？(此句 teach 后接的 you 和 English 为双宾语) 但是，当表示语言的名词表示某人使用语言的能力和水平时，则可用物主代词，如可说 My English is very poor.,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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