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Section Task & Project,.词类转换 根据括号内要求，写出正确形式。 1manage(名词) _ 2use(名词) _ 3agriculture(形容词) _ 4grow(名词) _ 5important(名词) _ 6danger(动词) _ 7organize(名词) _,8legal(反义词) _ 9safe(反义词) _ 10conserve(名词) _ 【答案】 1.management 2.usage 3.agricultural 4.growth 5importance 6.endanger 7.organization 8.illegal 9.unsafe 10conservation,.课文理解 A阅读短文DesertificationA growing problem！，并根据短文内容完成下列句子 11Farmable land can turn into desert.This phenomenon is called_. 【答案】 desertification 12Planting trees and bushes in dry areas is one of the cheapest and most effective ways to_desertification. 【答案】 decrease,13CNDMC is an organization_in 1996. 【答案】 established 14Besides scientific research，everyone is_in stopping desertification. 【答案】 helpful 15To pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification，we need to use_. 【答案】 satellites,B阅读Protecting the Yangtze River，按要求简要回答下列问题 16What is the harmful effects on the ecology of the area brought by untreated human and industrial sewage？(不超过8个单词) _ 【答案】 Many plants and animals are being killed.,17What measure have people taken to deal with the environmental problems？(不超过7个单词) _ 【答案】 Setting up/Establishing environmental organizations and projects.,18What has made the number of whiteflag dolphins drop？(不超过9个单词) _ 【答案】 Environmental problems and pollution in the Yangtze River.,19“This project resulted in farmers replacing the crops on their farmland with trees or grassland”What does “this project” refer to？(不超过7个单词) _ 【答案】 The water and soil preservation project.,20“Because of this，the environmental situation of the Yangtze River is slowly improving.” What does “this” refer to？(不超过12个单词) _ 【答案】 People have realized they are responsible for protecting the Yangtze River.,establish vt.建立；创办；确立；证实 The committee was established in 1912. 这个委员会成立于1912年。,stablish sb./sth.in. 使某人/某物确立于/立足于 establish sb./sth.as.使某人/某物作为确立 It has been established that.已证实 establishment n建立；证实，确立 the establishment of a new school一所新学校的成立,1.Police are still trying to_the cause of the accident，which led to two people dying. Asearch Bestablish Cexamine Dwonder 【解析】 本题考查动词词义辨析。search搜寻，搜查，后接somebody或somewhere；establish确立，证实；examine检查；wonder疑惑，想知道。句意为：警方仍在努力确定那场致使两人死亡的事故的原因。 【答案】 B,decrease vt.& vi.减少；n.减少 on the decrease在减少 The crime rate in this city has decreased in the last decade. 最近十年，这个城市的犯罪率下降了。 Teachers should decrease the amount of students homework and give them more free time. 老师应当减少学生的作业量，从而给他们更多的自由时间。 The number of students in each class is on the decrease. 每个班的学生数量在减少。,decrease与reduce (1)decrease意为“缩短，变小，减少”，指使某物变小，或速度、体积、数量、价值等的减少。 (2)reduce意为“减少，降低”，指物体在大小、外观上的减少，也常指价格的降低。多数情况下可与decrease互换。 The exports of that company have decreased by 3%. 那家公司的出口额减少了3%。 The wage of the miners was reduced.矿工工资减少了。 The rain is decreasing.雨小了。(其中的decreasing不可换为reducing),2.It has been reported that exports of that company have decreased_3%. Ato Bby Cwith Dat 【解析】 decrease to“下降到”，其后接具体的数字；decrease by“下降了”，其后接分数或百分数。同样用法的词还有increase，rise等。 【答案】 B,equipment n设备；装备；器材；配备 equipment是不可数名词，所以不能说an equipment，应用a piece of equipment。 a useful piece of equipment一件有用的设备 medical equipment医疗器械 office equipment办公设备 The equipment of the photographic studio is expensive. 这个摄影室的装备很昂贵。,equip v配备；装备 be well equipped for. 为做了齐全的设备(装备) equip sb./oneself for.使某人/自己胜任 equip sb./oneself with.(be equipped with) 使某人/自己(装)备有 She was fully equipped for the climbing. 她装备齐全准备登山。,3.Having_themselves with everything they would need，the explorers set out for the voyage. Aassociated Bequipped Crelated Dfed 【解析】 associate with与有联系；equip with用装备；relate sb./sth.with把某人/某物与联系起来；feed.with.用供应、供给。句意为：探险家们准备好所需要的设备后就动身去航行了。 【答案】 B,measure n措施；方法；尺寸 What measure will be effective? 什么样的措施会有效？ The government has taken measures to protect the environment. 政府已采取措施保护环境。 Measure for measure. (谚)一报还一报(以其人之道，还治其人之身)。,make.to ones measure根据某人的尺寸做 take measures 采取措施 in full measure 最大限度地 This suit of clothes is made to your measure. 这套衣服是根据你的尺寸来做的。,4.In the village，_have been taken to reduce the rate of children droppingout. Ameasures Baction Cmethods Dways 【解析】 本题考查名词词义辨析。四个选项中只有A、B两项可以与take搭配，表示“采取措施；采取行动”，而action为不可数名词，与谓语动词不一致，故A项正确。句意为：在那个村子里，人们已经采取措施来减少儿童辍学率。 【答案】 A,raise vt.举起，抬起；养育，饲养；引发；提出 raise money筹集资金 raise salaries提高工资 raise a family供养一家人 raise chicken养鸡 raise ones courage鼓起某人的勇气 She raised her hand to ask me a question. 她举手问了我一个问题。 She raised a question at the meeting. 她在会议上提出了一个问题。,We are raising money for charity. 我们在进行慈善捐款。 He raised his voice so that everyone could hear him. 他提高了嗓门，以便大家都能听到他。 We want to raise our children to be excellent people. 我们期盼把孩子培养成优秀人才。,raise，rise与lift (1)raise是及物动词，用在句中，后面需跟宾语，一般指“升起，举起，抬起；提高，提出；种植，养育”，说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。 (2)rise是不及物动词，指太阳、月亮、河水、价格等上涨，也指起立、起床，说明主语自身移向较高的位置。 (3)lift是及物动词，强调用体力或机械力把某一重物从地面举到一定的高度。 The master rose from his chair.老师从椅子上站了起来。,5.Though_in San Francisco，Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of smalltown life. Araised Bgrown Cgrowing Draising 【解析】 本题考查非谓语动词及词义辨析。raise是及物动词，在此处意思是“养育”；grow是不及物动词，意思是“长大，成长”。本句是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语与“养育”之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词形式。 【答案】 A,rapid adj.迅速的，飞快的 There is a rapid rise in the highway. 公路上有一个陡然上升的坡道。 A rapid train just went by. 刚刚过去一辆快车。,rapid，quick与fast (1)rapid“急速的”，常修饰急流、漩涡等，语气比quick和swift强。 (2)quick“迅速的”，一般用语，意思为立即行动，毫不拖延。 (3)fast“迅速的”，指动作等的迅速(多用作副词)和rapid通用，但侧重于动的东西本身的速度。 My watch is five minutes fast.我的手表快了五分钟。,6.Easy stories are the best material to teach_reading. Arepeated Brare Crealistic Drapid 【解析】 句意：简易故事是教快速阅读的最佳材料。repeated反复的；再三的；rare稀有的；难得的；realistic面对现实的；切合实际的；rapid快的；迅速的；由句意可知应选rapid。 【答案】 D,advise vt.建议，劝告 advise sb.on.就给某人建议 advise sb.to do建议某人做 advise doing sth.建议做 advise sb.against (doing) sth.建议某人不要做,Could you advise me on the problem? 对于这个问题你能给我些忠告吗？ The doctor advised him to stop smoking. 医生劝他戒烟。 The newspaper article advised against buying meat from that supermarket. 报上的那篇文章劝大家不要到那家超市买肉品。,advise后的宾语从句的谓语动词多用“should动词原形”结构，should也可以省略。 He advised that we should take the plane. 他建议我们乘飞机。,7.My uncle advises I_abroad. I would rather you_at home. Ago；stay Bwent；stayed Cgo；stayed Dwent；stay 【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。advise后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用“(should)do”结构，would rather后所接从句的谓语动词用过去式表示对现在情况的虚拟；表示对过去情况的虚拟用过去完成时。 【答案】 C,endanger vt.危及；危害 You will endanger your health if you always work so hard. 如果你总是这样太卖力工作的话，会危害自己健康的。 The serious accident will endanger the peoples sense of safety. 这起严重的事故会危及人们的安全感。,endangered adj.濒危的 danger n危险 dangerous adj.危险的 It is dangerous to walk on thin ice in a lake. 在湖中薄冰上行走是很危险的。,8.The health of children in this area is_by the polluted air from the chemical factory. Adangering Bendangering Cbeing dangered Dbeing endangered 【解析】 danger为名词，故排除A、C项；孩子的健康与危害之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故排除B项。 【答案】 D,range n一系列 The library has ranges of books in perfect order. 这个图书馆的书一排一排放得井井有条。 This store sells a wide range of TV sets. 这家商店出售各种型号的电视机。,range v排列 range from.to.从到变化 The cards are ranged in special order. 这些卡片以特殊的顺序排列。,9.What is the cost of your shirts here，sir? It depends on which fashion you want to buy，and the prices _from 100 dollars to 500 dollars. Aincrease Brange Creach Ddiffer 【解析】 range from.to.意为“从到变化”，由答语句意“那取决于你所要买的产品的式样，价格从100美元到500美元不等”知应选B项。 【答案】 B,prohibit vt.禁止 prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 Should smoking be prohibited in public places? 公共场所应禁止吸烟吗？ English law prohibits children under 16 from buying cigarettes. 英国法律禁止16岁以下儿童购买香烟。,prohibit，forbid与ban (1)prohibit指用法律或法令来禁止某些事情。 (2)forbid指父母、教师等直接下命令，或以规则来禁止某事，是表示“禁止”的普通用词。 (3)ban语气最重，特指禁止不合宗教、道德准则的事情。 Soviet citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad. 苏联时代的公民被禁止出国旅游。,My parents forbid me to go swimming in the river. 我父母不允许我去河里游泳。 They signed agreements banning the use of chemical weapons. 他们签订了禁止使用化学武器的协议。,10.The high cost of equipment prohibits many people _taking up this sport. Ain Bfrom Cto Dby 【解析】 该题考查短语prohibit sb.from doing sth.“禁止某人做某事”。句意为：装备的昂贵令许多人对这项运动望而却步。 【答案】 B,effort n努力，费力的事；尽力 You should put more effort into your work. 你应该更加努力地工作。 Its a long climb to the top，but well worth the effort. 爬到顶上路程很长，虽然费力却很值得。,make an/every effort/efforts to do sth. 努力去做某事 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力去做某事 without effort毫不费力地 Nothing can be gained without effort. 不劳无获。,11.They_every effort to convince the judge of their innocence. Amade Btried Cdid Dgave 【解析】 make every effort to do sth.尽一切努力做某事。 【答案】 A,appreciate vt.赞赏，欣赏，赏识；感谢，感激 He appreciates your talents. 他很赏识你的才能。 His works were not appreciated until after his death. 直到他死后，他的作品才受到重视。 Thanks for your help.We did appreciate it. 谢谢你的帮忙，我们很感激。,【注意】 (1)appreciate通常不用于进行时。 (2)appreciate后接动名词而不接不定式作宾语。 We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 我们恭候佳音。 (3)appreciate若接宾语从句，先用it作形式主语，然后接真正的主语。 I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down. 如果你把音乐关小一些，我将不胜感激。,appreciate与enjoy (1)appreciate指对事物有深入了解并能“欣赏”。 (2)enjoy不像appreciate那样强调对事物的了解，仅指从中得到快乐。 The foreigner enjoys Beijing opera very much although he does not appreciate it. 这位老外很爱听京剧，虽然他听不出个子丑寅卯。,12.As I will be away for at least a year，Id appreciate _ from you now and then _ me how everyone is getting along. Ahearing；tell Bto hear；tell Chearing；telling Dto hear；to tell 【解析】 appreciate后接动名词作宾语，故排除B、D两项；第二个空为现在分词短语作伴随状语。 【答案】 C,in the form of以的形式 She expressed her feelings in the form of a poetry. 她用诗歌来表达自己的情感。 You can get the medicine in the form of anasal spray or as a tablet. 你可以买到鼻腔喷剂或片剂的这种药。,form与shape (1)form指物质结构的形态，强调抽象形式。 (2)shape强调的是具体的外形。 Mrs Green is too fat and out of shape now. 格林夫人胖得变形了。,13.He offered help to the boy_the form of praise and encouragement. Ain Bfrom Cwith Don 【解析】 in the form of以的形式。句意为：他以表扬和鼓励的形式给那个男孩提供帮助。 【答案】 A,be stocked with装备有；储备有 The shop is stocked with the most popular products. 这家商店配有最流行的商品。,stock当“资本”讲时是不可数名词，但当“股份”“公债券”讲时是可数名词。 He has 9,000 in stocks and shares. 他有9 000镑的债券和股票。,14.We were shown around a large lab_with the modernest equipment. Acovered Bcompared Cstocked Dput 【解析】 本题考查动词的非谓语形式作后置定语。be covered with覆盖；be compared with与相比较；be stocked with装备有；配备有；put不和with搭配。 【答案】 C,rely on/upon依靠，依赖，信任，信赖 They have to rely on the river for their water. 他们用水不得不依靠这条河。,rely on sb.(for help)依靠某人(的帮助) rely on.doing sth.依靠做某事 rely on sb.to do sth.依赖/指望某人做某事 rely on it that.相信 She cant be relied on to tell the truth. 别指望她能说真话。 You can rely on it that he will be back soon. 你放心好了，他很快会回来的。,15.He can always_in time of help. Arely on Brely Cbe relied on Dbe relyed on 【解析】 rely on为及物动词短语，此处应用被动语态；rely的过去式、过去分词是relied，故C项正确。 【答案】 C,result in导致(结果) The hurricane has resulted in thousands of deaths. 飓风已造成了数千人死亡。 What resulted in the accident？ 是什么导致了这场事故？,result from与result in (1)result from意思为“起因，由来”，句子的主语是“果”，from的宾语是“因”，短语lie in与其意义相近。 (2)result in意思为“导致”，句子的主语是“因”，in的宾语是“果”，短语lead to与其意义相近。 His illness resulted from eating bad food. 他的病是吃了变质的食物引起的。,16.The method_in the countryside_in a market rise and in total production. Atrying；resulting Btried；resulted Ctrying；resulted Dtried；resulting 【解析】 try意为“试验，尝试”，与the method之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作宾语；result in“导致，结果”，在句子中作谓语。 【答案】 B,focus on集中；关注 This discussion focused on three main problems. 这次讨论集中在3个主要问题上。 As students，we should focus on studying，not playing. 作为学生，我们应该着力于学习，而不是玩乐。,bring.into focus把集中在焦点上 the focus of the trouble纠纷的焦点 focus ones attention (thought) on. 集中某人的注意力(思想)于 in focus焦距对准，清晰 out of focus焦距没对准，模糊 The focus of attention has changed，too. 注意力的中心也转移了。,17.With all his attention_on one thing onlyhow to solve the problem of water shortage，he hardly has any time to spend with his family. Aemphasized Bdelivered Cpaid Dfocused 【解析】 A、B两项不与attention搭配；C项应与介词to搭配；故只有D项正确。focus ones attention on.将某人的注意力集中于。 【答案】 D,Rapid agricultural and industrial development plus huge population growth has meant that not only is the amount of water taken from the river rising，but the waste being put back into the river has also been increasing. 工农业的迅速发展加上人口的急剧增长不仅意味着从河中抽取的水量上涨，而且也意味着排回河里的废物也在增长。,本句中谓语mean后包含着一个由not only.but (also)连接的that从句，其中not only位于从句句首，句子用部分倒装(即提前助动词/be)。 Not only is she smart but also she is beautiful. 她不但聪明，而且漂亮。,not only.but also.在引导两个句子时，只有第一个句子倒装，即“前倒后不倒”；若引导两个并列的主语，则句子不能倒装。 Not only will I help you，but also I can ask my friends to help you if necessary.不仅我要帮你，如果必要的话，我还会让我的朋友们帮助你。,(1)在no sooner.than.，hardly.when.，scarcely. when，not.until.，so.that.，such.that.句型中，主句倒装，从句不倒装，但neither.nor.连接的句子前后两个分句都要倒装。 (2)否定词never，seldom，hardly，scarcely，barely，rarely，little，not，nowhere，by no means，at no time，neither，nor等放在句首时，句子也要倒装。 By no means shall we give up.我们决不放弃。 (3)only状语其他成分(即only 状语位于句首)要倒装。 Only then did he realize the importance of it. 只有那时他才意识到它的重要性。,(4)so，neither，nor放在句首时，表示前面的情况也适用于另一个人或物时，用部分倒装。 (5)状语从句的结构为“形容词/名词as/though主语谓语”时，句子要倒装。 (6)以there，here，now，then，such引导的句子和表示地点的词语放于句首时，句子要用完全倒装。 South of the town lie two steel factories. 城南坐落着两座钢铁厂。,18.(2007年辽宁卷)I have been living in the United States for twenty years，but seldom_so lonely as now. Ahave I felt BI had felt CI have felt Dhad I felt 【解析】 本题将现在与以前相比较，故用现在完成时；当否定副词位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式。“但我很少感觉到像现在这样孤独。” 【答案】 A,It has already been a success because it has helped improve the local environment and the land around the river.这个项目已经取得了成功，因为它对改善当地环境和河流周围的土地起到了作用。 a success一个(件)成功的人(事) He is a great success as an artist. 他作为一名艺术家非常出色。 The meeting is a great success. 这次会议很成功。,success泛指“成功”时为不可数名词，但表示“成功的人或事，成功的次数或范例”时，为可数名词，即抽象名词具体化。 (1)英语中有些抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、感情、情绪等的人或事时，词义发生了变化，这类抽象名词已完全变为可数名词。,a surprise奇异的事 a pleasure乐事 a pity遗憾的是 a worry令人担忧的事 a help有帮助的人或事 a failure失败的人或事 a fun一件有趣的事 a beauty美人 a wonder奇迹 a must一件必须的事 a danger危险品，危险的人 an honour带来荣幸的人或事,(2)表示抽象的特性、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种、一类、一下、一顿等，常组成a/an抽象名词或a/an形容词抽象名词。 take a look，have a sleep，die a death，take a great interest，get a high opinion，make an apology，live a life，have a good time,19._material used for running tracks in schools across China may be_danger to childrens health. A/；a BThe；a C/；the DThe；the 【解析】 过去分词短语作定语修饰material，故需用定冠词；而此处的danger泛指一种危险，故选B。 【答案】 B,Less than 100 whiteflag dolphins remain in the Yangtze River.仍然生存于扬子江中的白鳍豚不足100条。 remain vi.留存，剩余；逗留；仍然是 After the flood，nothing remained of the village. 洪水过后，该村片瓦不存。 It remains to be seen who will win. 鹿死谁手还尚未揭晓。 She remained at home to look after the baby. 她留在家中照顾宝宝。 The situation remains unchanged.情况仍然没有变化。,remain与stay (1)remain着重指继续停留在某地，继续保持某种状态、关系、行动等，比stay更正式。 (2)stay指继续停留在某地或不离开或继续保持目前的情况而不变。 Provided the conditions have not been improved，Im afraid the test will remain the same as before. 如果条件没有得到改善，实验还会保持原状。 I stayed with my parents the entire summer holiday. 整个暑假我都和爸妈待在一起。,remains_whether they will succeed in the driving test. Ato see Bseeing Cto be seen Dfor seeing 【答案】 C,Nor is it good news for the fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.对生活在长江中的鱼类及沿岸的野生生物来说也不是好消息。 “nor/neither助动词sb./sth.”表示上面的否定情况也适用于另一人或物，为倒装句式。 He doesnt like swimming.他不喜欢游泳。 Nor/Neither do I我也如此。,(1)“nor/neither助动词sb./sth.”表示否定情况，当表示上面的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物时，用“so助动词sb./sth.”，译为“某人/物也是这样”。 (2)“sosb./sth.助动词”表示说话人对前面或对方所说的情况的赞同或证实。 (3)“主语助动词so”表示“某人/物做了那件事”。 (4)So it is/was with sb./sth与It is the same with sb./sth既用于肯定句也用于否定句，表示“某人/物也是这样”。,Tom says you work hard，so you do and so does he. 汤姆说你工作努力，你确实是这样，而他也如此。 Tom is clever and works hard. 汤姆不仅聪明而且工作努力。 It is the same with Mary. 玛丽也是。,21.(2006年福建卷)Its burning hot today，isnt it? Yes._yesterday. ASo was it BSo it was CSo it is DSo is it 【答案】 A,.完成句子 根据汉语提示词，完成下列句子。(每空限填一词) 1The price_ _(取决于) quality. 【答案】 depends on 2Please_ _ _ _(将注意力集中于) what the teacher is saying. 【答案】 focus your attention on,3This will probably_ _ _(导致麻烦) in the future. 【答案】 lead to trouble 4We should not always_ _ _ _(依赖我们的父母) 【答案】 rely on our parents 5The school library_ _ _(储备了) all kinds of books. 【答案】 is stocked with,6This electric stove is_ _ _ _ _(一件有用的设备) 【答案】 a useful piece of equipment 7Id like to have a dress_ _ _ _(按照我的尺寸) 【答案】 made to my measure 8She taught her daughter 26 letters_ _ _ _(以的形式) an English song. 【答案】 in the form of,9Can you_ _(认出) your brother in the crowd? 【答案】 pick out 10Preparations_ _ _(在进行中) for a wedding. 【答案】 are under way,.选词填空 根据句意，选择合适的单词填空。 11desert，desertification AA third of Africa is under threat of_. BFew kinds of plants grow in the_. 【答案】 desertification；desert,12nation，national AXu Haifeng was regarded as a_hero for winning the first gold medal for our country in the Olympics. BThe new economic policies were in the best interests of the_at large. 【答案】 national；nation,13technical，technician，technique AThe_is busy repairing the machine. BShe needs to work on her interview_if shes going to get a job. CHe advised us on_matters. 【答案】 technician；technique；technical,14use，usage AIt was no_trying to persuade her. BThe word has a slightly different meaning in popular _. 【答案】 use；usage,15concern，concerning AWhat do you know_this? BShe expressed her deep_about conditions at the factory. 【答案】 concerning；concern,练考题、验能力、轻巧夺冠,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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