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Section Grammar 复习动词(),项目一 不定式 动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，由“to动词原形”构成。 一、不定式作宾语 1有些动词后常接不定式作宾语。 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，care，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help等。 He offered to lend me a hand. We agreed to go swimming on Sunday.,巧学助记 下面口诀可以帮助记忆上面的动词： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意要求帮一帮。 2若作宾语的不定式有自己的宾语补足语，则用形式宾语it代替不定式，将真正的宾语不定式后置。 He found it difficult to work out the problem. We all considered it necessary to watch the National Day parade.,二、不定式作宾语补足语 1下列动词的宾语后常用不定式作宾补：force，beg，allow，wish，intend，expect，encourage，advise，persuade，permit，warn等。 I didnt expect you to arrive so soon. 2在 hear，let，have，make，see，look at，notice，watch，observe等词后的不定式常省略“to”。 They saw a thief slip into the shop.,巧学助记 可用下面一句话记忆上面这一类动词： 吾(五)看三室(使)一厅(听) 注意：这种句子变成被动语态时，省掉的“to”需要还原。 A thief was seen to slip into the shop.,3to be形容词作宾语补足语，此类结构常用在find，think，consider，believe，suppose，know，understand等词后。 I never expected him to be so determined. They found the answer to be quite satisfying.,项目二 ving形式 一、v.ing形式作宾语 1下面的动词只能接“v.ing”形式作宾语。 consider，suggest，excuse，admit，avoid，miss，keep，practise，deny，finish，enjoy，appreciate，forbid，imagine，risk，mind，allow，permit，escape等。 巧学助记 学英语，很容易， 坚持练习不逃避，建议完成少延期， 享受忍受不介意，避免否定与妒忌， 思考冒险想像力，承认过错原谅你。,(2)动词permit，forbid，advise，allow，admit，encourage等动词后可直接加“v.ing”作宾语；其后若有名词或代词作宾语则用不定式作宾语补足语。 Our teacher encourages us to read. Our teacher encourages reading.,二、v.ing形式作宾语补足语 1v.ing形式可以在see，hear，notice，watch keep，find，get，have，feel等动词后与一个名词(或代词)构成复合宾语。 He saw a girl running into the room. Did you feel the floor shaking?,2在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等动词后，既可以用“v.ing”形式作宾补，又可以用不定式作宾补，两者有时是有区别的。用v.ing形式，表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束。用不定式作宾补时，表示动作已发生了，即动作全过程结束了。 Do you hear someone knocking at the door? (Someone is knocking at the door.) Yes，I did.I heard him knock three times.,项目三 ved形式 1v.ed形式作定语 (1)动词的v.ed形式作定语时，常将其放在所修饰的名词前作前置定语，有些也可以放在名词后作后置定语。作后置定语时其作用相当于一个定语从句。 a boy seated behind mea boy who is seated behind me (2)有些不及物动词的v.ed形式作定语时，并不表示被动，而是表示完成。这类形式常用作前置定语。 fallen leaves落叶,提醒 某些具有使动意义的动词ed形式表示心理感受或心理状态，常被译作“感到的”。 frightened感到害怕的；害怕的，disappointed感到失望的；失望的。而其ing形式常表示事物的性质特征，常译作”令人感到的，令人的”，如embarrassing “令人尴尬的”。,2不定式，“v.ing”“v.ed”作定语的区别 不定式作定语通常表示将来时，v.ing作定语时，被修饰的名词与v.ing为主动关系或该动作正在进行。v.ed作定语时，被修饰的名词与v.ed之间为被动关系或该动作已经完成。试比较： boiling water沸腾的水 boiled water开水(烧开过的水) 3动词ed形式用作表语 某些过去分词表状态，属形容词化的过去分词。 The road is completed.道路已经完工了。,项目四 连系动词 连接主语，表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词(linking verbs)。连系动词词义不完整，必须和表语一起构成主系表句型。常见的表示状态的连系动词有：be，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，feel，sit，stand，lie，keep，stay，remain等。表示转换或结果的连系动词常见的有：become，get，grow，turn，go，come，fall，prove等。,The park looks very beautiful. She always keeps silent whenever I see her. After graduation，she turned nurse. Children fall asleep easily. The weather is becoming warmer and warmer as the spring is coming.,.用所给词的适当形式填空 1I find the lecture tonight very_(disappoint)I doubt if I will come to his lecture next time. 答案： disappointing 2The teacher warned that anyone who was caught _(smoke) at school would be punished. 答案： smoking 3The wall was built_(defend) the road from _ (wash) away by the sea. 答案： to defend；being washed,4In those days they were made_(work) 14 hours a day by the boss. 答案： to work 5The trees_(blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road. 答案： blown 6The boy was found_(lose) and couldnt find his way back. 答案： lost 7I persuaded him_(give) up smoking finally. 答案： to give,8Many people_(invite) to the party were my old friends. 答案： invited 9_(hear) the bad news，he couldnt help _ (cry) 答案： Hearing；crying 10The second officer_(come) in was Mr Smith. 答案： to come,.单项填空 1The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _as the plane was making a landing. Aseat Bseating Cseated Dto be seating 解析： 考查考生对非谓语动词的辨析和运用能力。seated是过去分词，相当于形容词，表示“坐着的”。 答案： C,2The last one_pays the meal. Agreed! Aarrived Barrives Cto arrive Darriving 解析： 句意为：最后到的人付饭钱。同意！题干选项应在句中做定语，修饰“The last one”，当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词后带定语时，此定语应由不定式充当，所以选项A、B、D均被排除。此句也可说成“The last to arrive pays the meal.”。 答案： C,3The park，_into two parts along a river，will have a couple of small bridges_over the river. Adivides；built Bto divide；to built Cdivided；building Ddivided；built 解析： 考查非谓语动词。第一个空divide与the park是被动关系，作后置定语，所以用divided；第二个空build与bridges是被动关系，作宾语补足语，所以用built，故选D。 答案： D,4Can those_at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem. Aseat Bsit Cseated Dsat 解析： seated在这里用作后置定语(sitting)，修饰those。 答案： C,5The message is very important，so it is supposed _ as soon as possible. Ato be sent Bto send Cbeing sent Dsending 解析： be supposed to do sth.为固定用法，message与send之间为被动关系，故选择A项。 答案： A,6All the people，the wounded_，were brought to safety. Aincluded Bincluding Cinclude Dto include 解析： the wounded与include之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词。注意：“包括伤员”有两种译法：the wounded included或including the wounded。 答案： A,7To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English_as much as we can. Aspeak Bspeaking Cspoken Dto speak 解析： 句意为：为学好英语，我们应该尽自己所能找机会听别人说英语。hear sth.done听到某事被做。本句中，英语被别人说，所以用过去分词表被动用法。 答案： C,8He felt_when he found a stranger_about at the gate of the police station. Apuzzling；hung Bpuzzled；hung Cpuzzling；hanging Dpuzzled；hanging 解析： 考查非谓语动词。充当表语，修饰的主语是人时，用过去分词；hang充当宾语补足语，且这一动作与谓语动词found是同时的，所以用现在分词。 答案： D,9Zhuzhou，_on the Xiang River，is an important city，second only to Changsha. Alocated Blocating Cbeing located Dto be located 解析： 考查非谓语动词。表达一个地点坐落在什么地方时，用be located in/at.因此应用located。 答案： A,10This intelligent house is very comfortable_. Aliving in Bto live in it Cto be lived in Dto live in 解析： 不定式作“be comfortable”的状语，和主语“house”构成了动宾关系，即“to live in this house”，此时用不定式的主动形式。 答案： D,11Its cold in here.We must have the fire_day and night. Aburn Bburns Cburnt Dburning 解析： 考查非谓语动词。由句子的谓语动词have可知所填词作宾语补足语，与句子宾语the fire是主动关系，且由时间状语可知非谓语动词表示持续性动作或状态，用v.ing形式。 答案： D,12_all the required papers，he didnt answer the question fluently in class. AHaving not read BNot having read CNot read DNot to read 解析： 根据后面的他不能流利地回答问题可知，他未读完所有的必读文章，应用现在分词的完成时形式，而完成时的否定式not必须置于分词之前，故答案为B。 答案： B,13The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. Ato smell Bsmelling Csmelt Dto be smelt 解析： 现在分词作定语，和被修饰词The flowers构成逻辑上的主谓关系。此句的意思是“闻起来很香的花儿”，应该特别注意的是smell是不及物动词。 答案： B,14I smell something_in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute? Aburning Bburnt Cbeing burnt Dto be burnt 解析： 此题考查非谓语动词在句中作宾语补足语的用法。句意为：我闻到了厨房中有东西烧焦的味道，过会儿我再给你打电话好吗？burnt (烧焦，烧毁)表完成；being burnt (正在被烧毁，烧焦)表进行被动；to be burnt (会被烧毁，烧焦)表将来被动，存在人为因素；burning (在烧焦、烧毁)不存在人为因素，故选A。 答案： A,15_for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits. ABlaming BBlamed CTo blame DTo be blamed 解析： 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：艾丽丝因为电脑网络故障被责备，情绪很低落。非谓语形式用做原因状语，主语是这个动作的承受者，故用过去分词blamed。D项to be blamed有“将要”的意味。 答案： B,16With the world changing fast，we have something new _with all by ourselves every day. Adeal Bdealt Cto deal Ddealing 解析： 句意为：随着世界的快速变化，每天我们都有些新东西要自行处理。由句意知：表示“有要做”要用have.to do。 答案： C,17It is one of the funniest things_on the Internet so far this year. Afinding Bbeing found Cto find Dfound 解析： 句意为：这是今年到目前为止在因特网上发现的最滑稽可笑的事情。found为过去分词作后置定语。being found是进行时的被动形式，不符合语境，故排除。 答案： D,18Bill suggested_a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. Ahaving held Bto hold Cholding Dhold 解析： 句意为：贝尔建议就假期为上海世博会做点什么一事开个会。suggest后接动名词作宾语；根据题意，hold a meeting在suggest之后发生，故不用动名词的完成式。 答案： C,19They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly. Abeing run Brun Cto run Drunning 解析： 句意为：他们使用电脑来保证交通顺畅。keep意为“使保持(某种状态)”，后接现在分词作补语；run在本句中是不及物动词，故不用现在分词的被动式。 答案： D,20I still remember_to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. Ato take Bto be taken Ctaking Dbeing taken 解析： 句意为：我仍然记得被带去法门寺的情景以及在那里看到的一切。remember后接动名词作宾语表示已经发生的事，接不定式表示要做的事。根据题意“记得被带去过法门寺”判断应该用动名词且为被动形式。 答案： D,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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