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,1amount n数量，总数 v合计；(在意义、价值等方面)等同于，接近 归纳拓展 (1)当数量讲时常与of连用，修饰不可数名词。 the amount of的数量 a large/good/great (small) amount of大(小)量的 in large/small amounts大/少量的 a certain/fair amount of相当多的 be of little amount不重要；无价值,to the amount of 总计达；总数达 注意：与其相对应的是a number of大量的，修饰可数名词复数。 (2)amount to总共达；合计为；相当于 例句：What you say amounts to a direct accusation. 你所说的话等于直接的指责。 A small amount of land was used for keeping animals.少量的耕地被用来饲养动物。 She has a fair amount of money put by. 她存了不少钱。,同类辨析 a large amount of与large amounts of a large (great，good) amount of不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数； (huge，great，good) amounts of不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 例句：A large amount of damage has been done by the earthquake.地震中造成了大量的破坏。 Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.大量的财力花费在这座桥上。,【链接训练】 He spent a large_of money on his clothes，which was_more than his earnings. Anumber；a little Bpiece；far Cdeal；much Damount；far 【解析】 句意为：他把很多钱花在买衣服上，花的钱比他挣得还多。根据第一空后接的是不可数名词money，可排除A项；表示“很多钱”时，不用a piece of，因此排除B项；而C项常用great或good修饰，因此选择D项，a large amount of“大量的”，修饰不可数名词。 【答案】 D,Dreaming without hard work will never amount _ anything. Aof Bat Con Dto 【解析】 句意为：只有梦想而无实际行动，等于一事无成。amount to有“等同于，接近”的意思。 【答案】 D,2raise v筹措(金钱)；提高；增加；抚养；饲养；提出 归纳拓展 raise money/fundscollect money集资；筹集资金 raise salaries提高工资 raise ones hand举起手来 raise ones voice提高嗓门 raise hopes/awareness/consciousness唤起希望/认识/觉悟 raise a question提出问题 raise sheep养羊,例句：We had great difficulty in raising the money. 我们筹集这笔钱有很大困难。 She raised a very important question at the meeting. 她在会上提出了一个非常重要的问题。 Many women return to work after raising their children.许多妇女在子女长大后重新就业。 The price was raised to 10.价格涨到了10英镑。,【链接训练】 For one reason or another he failed to the_extra three thousand dollars. Arise Braise Cincrease Dimprove 【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。rise“站起身来；升起来”；raise“筹集，提升”；increase“增加”；improve“改善；提高”。句意为：由于这样或那样的原因，他没有筹集到额外的三千美元。根据题意，可知答案为B。 【答案】 B,With fewer people _ hens，the price of eggs _. Arising；rises Braising；raises Crising；raises Draising；rises 【解析】 本题考查raise与rise的辨析。raise为及物动词须带宾语，raise hens意为“养鸡”。rise为不及物动词，不能带宾语，句中的rise表示价格的“上涨”。 【答案】 D,3count vt. & vi.&n.数，计数；认为，看作；有价值，算得 归纳拓展 count.as.算作是，把当作 count out不算在内；认为不重要 count in算入 count to.数到 count on/upon(doing sth.)依靠(做)，指望(做) count sb.to do sth.依靠/指望某人做 count for nothing毫无价值，不足信,count for little/much简直无足轻重/关系重大 例句：She counted the pupils in her class；there are thirty. 她数了数她班上的学生，一共30人。 They count it an honour to help the disabled people. 他们把帮助残疾人当作一种荣耀。 You cant always count on the help from your parents.你不能总是指望你父母帮忙。 In sport what really counts is not the winning but the playing. 就运动而言，重要的不是输赢，而是参与。,同类辨析 count与calculate (1)count意为“计算，数”，是计算中最基本的动作，尤指依序逐一计算。 (2)calculate意为“计算，核算”，指通过较复杂的过程，如算术上加减乘除的运算，或数学上精密的计算等。,【链接训练】 The manager says he needs an assistant that he can _ to deal with the problems that may occur in his absence. Adepend Bturn up Ccount up Dcount on 【解析】 句意为：经理说他需要一个得力助手，当他不在时，如果有问题出现，他可以处理好。count on“依靠，信赖”，符合题意。 【答案】 D,4confront vt.面对，面临 归纳拓展 confront sb.with sb./sth.使某人面对或正视(令人不快，令人头疼等)的人或物 be confronted withbe faced with面对 例句：A soldier has to confront danger. 军人必须面对危险。 He confronted them with the evidence of the crime.他使他们面对着犯罪证据。 The new system will be confronted with great difficulties at the start. 新体制开始时会遇到极大的困难。,同类辨析 confront与face face和confront两个词都有“面对、面临”的意思。二者的区别在于： (1)confront强调其不可避免性，暗示需要决心与勇气才能解决面临的问题。 (2)face只表明面对面或面临这一事实，常强调所采取的行动或所持的态度。,【链接训练】 Another big issue _ the new republic is the problem of the education of its citizens. Aconfining Bconfirming Cfacing Dconfronting 【解析】 句意为：新生的共和国面临的另一个大问题是国民教育问题。confine “限制”；confirm “使巩固，进一步确定”；face “面对”，仅表明只面对这一事实；confront “面临”，常指面临那些下决心去解决的难题，国民教育即属这类问题，故选D。 【答案】 D,5tear n(常用复数)眼泪 v撕破，扯破，划破，戳破；(猛烈地)撕扯，拔掉，掀掉 归纳拓展 (1)burst into tears放声大哭 (2)tear sth.out/off/away把某物撕开/撕掉/扯掉 tear sth.to/into pieces/shredstear sth.up把撕碎 tear ones heart out使心碎，使极其难受 tear.apart(粗暴地)撕成碎片；使心里不痛快 tear down拆毁(建筑),例句：Be careful not to tear your sleeve on that nail. 小心别让你的袖子被钉子划了。 Someones torn the last page out. 有人把最后一页撕掉了。 The contract lay on the ground，torn to pieces. 合同被撕成碎片，扔在地上。 Its time some of these old apartment blocks were torn down. 其中一些旧的住宅楼该拆了。,【链接训练】 Could you please tear yourself away from the TV and help me for a minute？(翻译句子) 劳驾你先别看电视了，来帮我一下好吗？ Why did you make the kite of cloth instead of paper? Because paper_easily. Ais torn Bwill be torn Ctears Dtore 【解析】 tear在句中以主动形式表示被动意义，表示主语内在的属性，意为“纸很容易撕破”。表示事物内在的属性，以主动表被动的动词还有write，wash，sell等。 【答案】 C,6mention v提及，说起，谈到 n(一般用单数)提到；涉及 归纳拓展 (1)mention sth.to sb.向某人提到某事 Dont mention it.不用谢/不用客气/没关系(用于别人感谢的答语) mention of.提到 not to mention.without mentioning更不用说 It is worth mentioning that.值得一提的是 (2)make no mention未提及，没说到 at the mention of在(听人)提到时 make mention of提到，说到,例句：Whenever I mention playing football，he says hes too busy. 我一跟他提踢足球的事，他就说太忙。 She mentioned to me that she had received your letter.她曾向我提到过她收到了你的信。 They have three dogs to look after，not to mention the cat and the bird. 他们有3只狗要照顾，更别提那只猫和鸟了。,【链接训练】 Thank you for your help. _. AThats right BIt doesnt matter CDont mention it DYou are right 【解析】 Dont mention it.意为“不用客气”，用来回答对方的感谢。Thats right.意为“那是正确的”；It doesnt matter.意为“没什么，别客气”，用来回答对方的道歉；You are right.意为“你是正确的”，均不合题意。 【答案】 C,1make up 和好，和解；编造，虚构；化妆；弥补 归纳拓展 be made up of由组成/构成 make into将制成 make up ones mind下决心 make up with sb.与某人和好 make up for弥补 make use of利用,例句：The two friends have just made it up after quarrel. 这两个朋友吵架后刚刚和好。 The student made up an excuse for his being late.那个学生为他的迟到编造了一个借口。 It took her more than an hour to make herself up. 她花了一个多小时才打扮好。,【链接训练】 He made_an excuse for his failure in order to avoid_. Afor；to be punished Bup；being punished Cup for；to punish Dout；punishing 【解析】 空一考查短语make up“编造，虚构”的用法；空二考查avoid 的用法，后面一般跟v.ing形式作宾语，在此题中，he与punish 之间为被动关系，故答案为B。 【答案】 B,2keep in touch with sb.和某人保持联系 归纳拓展 (1)keep/stay/be in touch with sth.了解某事 be out of touch with sth.不再了解某事，对某事已经生疏 (2)be in touch with.和有联系 be out of touch withget out of touch with脱离，不了解，失去联系 get in touch with.和取得联系 lose touch with.和失去联系 stay in touch保持联系 put sb.in touch with sb.安排某人与某人联系,例句：Wherever you go，keep in touch with me，please.无论你去哪里，请与我保持联络。 Ive lost touch with most of my friends from college. 我与大学时代的大多数朋友已经失去了联系。 Your doctor should be able to put you in touch with a specialist. 你的医生应该能够安排你与一位专科医生取得联系。 Government ministers are often being accused of being out of touch with real life. 政府部长们经常被指责脱离实际生活。,【链接训练】 Bye! Ill miss you. So will ILets keep in_. Afriendship Brelation Cconnection D. touch 【解析】 考查短语keep in touch“保持联系”的用法。句意为：再见！我会想你的。我也是。让我们保持联系。friendship“友谊”；relation“关系”；connection“联系”，三者均与题意不符，故排除。 【答案】 D,1I regret that I have lost touch with him. 我为与他失去了联系而感到遗憾。 归纳拓展 (1)regret doing sth.对已做的事感到后悔 regret to do sth.对要做的事感到抱歉 I regret that(正式)很遗憾(委婉表示你不能做某事) I regret to say/inform/tell我很遗憾地说/通知/告诉 It is to be regretted that. 使人遗憾的是；真可惜,(2)with great/deep regret非常遗憾地 much to ones regret(正式)非常遗憾 例句：I regret spending so much money on a car. 我后悔在一辆小汽车上花这么多钱。 I regret to inform you that your contract will not be renewed.我很遗憾地通知你，你的合同不能续签。 I regret that I am unable to accept your kind invitation.很遗憾，我不能接受你友好的邀请。 Much to our regret，we will be unable to attend your wedding.非常遗憾，我们不能参加你们的婚礼。 Its to be regretted that I couldnt see you off. 遗憾的是我不能为你送行了。,【链接训练】 After chatting with her for a while, I inferred from her words that she regretted_ job in haste. Ato change Bto have changed Cbeing changed Dhaving changed 【解析】 考查regret的用法。regret doing sth.“后悔做了某事”；regret to do sth.常和say，tell等连用，表示对“所说的话/所做的事感到遗憾”。由于change job在regret之前已经发生，故用完成时。句意为：和她聊了一会后，我从她的话语中得出她很后悔匆忙的换了工作。 【答案】 D,2It would have been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited. 要是没有老友重聚网站的帮助，我就不可能找到女儿。 归纳拓展 would have been是虚拟语气结构，表示与过去的事实相反的假设。without(相当于but for)引导的介词短语表示虚拟条件，相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件句。既可表示与现在的事实相反的假设，又可表示与过去的事实相反的假设。,例句：Man couldnt live without water or air (if there were no water or air) 没有空气和水人类就不能生存。 I could not have finished the work so soon without your help (if you had not helpedif it hadnt been for your help) 没有你的帮助，我就不可能那么快完成工作。,【链接训练】 Have you written a thanks letter to the person who helped you at the station? Yes，it was John who reminded me of what I _. Awould otherwise forget Bwould otherwise have forgotten Chad otherwise forgotten Dotherwise forgot 【解析】 otherwise“否则的话”，表示一个含蓄的条件句。根据题意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故选B。 【答案】 B,1现在分词的完成时形式作状语 (1)现在分词的完成时指分词的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前。若分词所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用having done，若是动宾关系，则用having been done。这类短语或是作时间状语，或是作原因状语，相当于状语从句。 例句：Having worked in the country for three years，he knew how to grow vegetables. 在乡下工作了3年之后，他学会了如何种蔬菜。,Having been given such a good chance，how could he let it pass away? 被提供了这样一个好机会，他怎么能让它溜掉呢？ (2)having done的否定形式是not having done，而不是having not done。 例句：Not having received a reply，he decided to write again. 由于没有收到回信，他决定再写一封。 (3)v.ing形式的完成时只表示在谓语动词以前完成的动作，与现实时间并没有直接联系。只有谓语动词才表示出现实时间。,例句：The old man，having seen his son off，came back to the room. 老人送走儿子之后，回到屋里。(谓语表示的是过去时间) Having realised why he had failed in the exam，he has made his mind to work harder from now on. 他认识到考试失败的原因后，下决心从现在开始要更加努力地学习。(谓语表示的是现在时间),【链接训练】 _ of the danger in the street at night，she had to go home，with a friend _ her. AWarned；followed BWarning；following CHaving warned；following DHaving been warned；following 【解析】 主语she和warn “警告”之间是被动关系，而且先于谓语动词发生，故应用现在分词的完成被动式；friend和follow是主动关系，应用现在分词的一般式，故选D。 【答案】 D,The residents approve of the measure_so far in our city，_to bring a sharp rise in oil prices. Ahaving been taken；intended Bto be taken; intending Ctaken；to intend Dtaken；intended 【解析】 空一处由时间状语so far可知，该措施已经采取了，所以以排除B项；又measure与take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词taken作定语修饰the measure；A项为过去分词的完成式形式，不能作后置定语，只能作状语，故被排除。；空二考查intend to“目的是”，此处是过去分词作目的。,【答案】 D,_ that she didnt do a good job，I dont think I am abler than her. ATo have said BHaving said CTo say DSaying 【解析】 动词ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前。根据句意可判断出“having said that she didnt do a good job”发生在“I dont think I am abler than her”之前，故选B项。不定式作目的状语，表示做某事的目的。 【答案】 B,_ the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks. ANot completing BNot completed CNot having completed DHaving not completed 【解析】 动词ing形式的完成式表示动作发生在have to stay there for another two weeks之前，其否定形式在动词ing形式前加not，故选C。 【答案】 C,2后面接v.ing或不定式形式作宾语的动词 (1)跟v.ing形式作宾语的动词及短语 只跟动名词形式而不跟不定式作宾语的动词及短语已在必修1Module 2讲过，故不再一一列举。 (2)跟不定式作宾语的动词 只跟不定式形式作宾语的动词已在必修2Module4讲过，故不再一一列举。 注意：(1)绝大部分的动词所接的不定式必须带to，只有help后接不定式作宾语时可带也可不带to。,(2)permit，allow，advise，forbid后如果不接谁(某人)就用动名词，如果后接谁(某人)做某事就用不定式作宾补。 例句：They allow smoking here. 他们允许在这儿抽烟。 The villagers didnt allow them to do this. 村民们不允许他们做这件事。 (3)What about/How about doing sth.？用作劝告、建议、征询意见的交际用语，意思是“你认为如何？”。 例句：How/What about going out for a walk? 出去散步怎么样？,(4)下面结构中常用动名词作宾语。 例句：She found it no use arguing with him. 她发现和他辩论没有用。 He considered it no good trying again. 他觉得再试一次没有好处。 这种结构中，用no use，no good作宾补，it是形式宾语，常用动名词作真正的宾语，只限于少数句子。,【链接训练】 Not finishing their homework in time, some students try to avoid _ by copying answers. Abeing punished Bpunishing Cto punish Dpunished 【解析】 avoid后面跟动词ing形式作宾语，不能跟不定式；又因为“一些学生为避免被惩罚而抄袭别人的作业”，punish和some students之间存在被动关系，故A项为正确答案。 【答案】 A,I dont want to miss _ that singer on television tonight. Ato see Bto have seen Cseeing Dsaw 【解析】 miss后只能跟动词ing 形式，故选C。 【答案】 C,People appreciate_with him because he has a good sense of humor. Ato work Bto have worked Cworking Dhaving worked 【解析】 appreciate后跟v.ing形式作宾语，排除A、B两项；又分析句子结构可知，时态为一般现在时，故用一般时的现在分词，答案为C。 【答案】 C,Special attention should be paid _ our earth from _. Ato prevent；being polluted Bto prevent；polluting Cto preventing；being polluted Dto preventing；polluted 【解析】 pay attention to中to是介词，应当接名词类的词或短语，A、B不予考虑；prevent.from中from也是介词，应接动名词，故选C。 【答案】 C,Loading ,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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