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The infinitive 不定式,动词不定式的句法功能,To have an ice cream is cool.,I want to see you this evening.,All you should do now is to remember todays lesson.,I want a pen to write with.,He lowered his head to sleep.,He asked his partner not to copy the homework.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,想一想,动词不定式的时态,He pretends to be ill to sleep in class.,一般式( to do ),He pretends to be listening when asked.,进行式( to be doing),不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,He pretends to have understood the lesson.,完成式（to have done),表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。,重点!,Remember them!,一、-ing形式与不定式的区别,不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的、未做的动作；而-ing形式则表示习惯的（泛指的）动作或一件已知的事或经验。,Getting up early is a good habit.,To finish the work in a week is impossible.,二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。,但在下列句型中常用-ing形式作主语。,It is impossible to finish the work in a week.,It is/was,not any use/good,of little use/good,useless,+doing sth.,no use/good,若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.,It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is of little good staying up too late every day.,注意,1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语： hope wish want agree promise demand ask refuse manage learn decide pretend choose fail dare offer help,三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝,做到学会作决定,不要假装在选择,没敢提出来帮助,三、不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别,2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有： resist、 object to、delay、 look forward to 、 enjoy ； mind、 imagine、 practise、suggest、appreciate.,抗议推迟盼喜报， 心想练成荐欣赏,Bear them in your mind!,四、不带to的不定式作宾补,四看,watch,see,observe,notice,I heard them sing a pop song . The teacher made me answer the question. We watched them play football .,如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时动词(let, have无被动语态)后原来不带to的不定式要加to。 如: He was seen to go upstairs. He was made to do his work .,Be careful!,五、介词except/ but 之后接不定式时，如果介词前有实意动词do的各种形式则except/ but 后接不带to 的不定式；反之，如果except/ but前没有实意动词do，则不定式带to 。 Cai has no choice but to do the homework. Cai does nothing but sleep every day.,六、 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 He is looking for a room to live in.,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.,七、 something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ （不定式to send的动作执行者是you） 2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else）,注意比较,To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.,八、独立结构,to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth,九、 不定式的省略,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.,- Would you like to go with me ? - Id like to .,(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.,- Would you like to be a teacher? - Id like to be.,十、 固定句型:,had better/had best + (not) do sth. Why (not) do sth.? prefer to do/prefer doing prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B prefer + to do A rather than do B would rather (not) do sth. would rather do A than (do) B would rather + 句子（过去式） （虚拟语气） 要做,Use your head!,高考题回放,1. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to be studying C. to study D. to have been studying,3. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got 4. They are considering _ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house,5.Paul doesnt have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying 6. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard,（0.47）,2007卷9,7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see 8. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it,9. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 10. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having,=To have,Thanks,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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