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Language Study,Word Study,1. to change slightly to make something work better 2. a mental shelf for cooking meat, toasting bread, etc 3. connected with what is being done or discussed,adjust,grill,relevant,4. opening to a room, building, etc 5. an honour 6. how something is organized,doorway,privilege,arrangement,Sharon looked at herself in the mirror and sighed. Her hair was _ all over the place. She smoothed it down with a wet comb. She thought about the time when she had met him three months before. He was the nicest boy she had ever _. He had rung her often,sticking out,come across,Complete the paragraph.,but now she hadnt _ him for two weeks. Why not? She decided to find out. She walked down to the _ to catch the train. She felt both excited and nervous. She was _ see him again but what if he didnt want to see her?,heard from,platform,dying to,1. Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.,Read the sentences with attributive clauses in them and underline the clauses.,2. When I reach the school grounds there are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys, many of whom have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to the school.,3. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to the kids, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8. 4. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village that was the home of one of the boys, Tombe.,5. We walked for two and a half hours to get there - first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep slope to the valley below.,6. When we arrived at the village, Tombes mother, Kiak, who had been working in her garden, started crying “ieee ieee”. 7. The only possessions that I could see were a few tin plates and cups and a couple of pots.,定语从句 I,一、定义： 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 The man who lives next to us is a lawyer.,The man is a layer. The man lives next to us.,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that等和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。,二、关系代词和关系副词的作用： 1. 由who，whom，whose引导的定语从句这类定语从句中who用作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语指人。 This is the man who helped me. 这位是帮过我的那个人。,The Doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位大夫在屋里。 Do you know the man whose name is Liu Xiang? 你认识那个叫刘翔的人吗？,2. which引导的定语从句 这类从句只能指物，which在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语。 This is the book which you want. 这就是你要的那本书。 The building which stands near the river is our school. 河边的那栋楼是我们学校。,The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. 有机器的房间是车间。 1) whom，whose，which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在它们之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。,注意！,This is the person whom you are looking for. 这位就是你在找的那个人。 2) 引导非限定性定语从句时，关系代词往往用which, 不用that。 I have lost my book, which I like very much.,注意！,三. 由when，where，why引导的定语从句。 I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他为什么来晚了。 This is the place where we lived for 5 years. 这就是我住过五年的地方。,I will never forget the Day when I met Mr. Li. 我永远也忘不了遇到李先生的那天。 先行词是表示地点时，有时用where，有时用that（which）引导定语从句。这时要看从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。如果是及物动词就用that (which)，否则用where。,This is the house where he lived last year. 这就是我去年住的房子。 This is the house that (which) he visited last year. 这就是我去年去过的房子。,1. Complete each sentence with your own words. 1. I made the present _ _. 2. Painting is an activity _ _.,a lot of time and effort,which took me,interest children more than English,that can,3. The person _ _ is on holiday. 4. The man _ _ is a doctor. 5. The woman _ _ is over there.,to whom you often,paid visits,home late,who often comes back,whose daughter is,studying abroad,6. You wont find the theatre _ _ unless you have a map. 7. Anne is doing some research on the time _ _.,we will hold a meeting,where,when he is not busy with,housework,8. The reason _ _ was that he was watching an interview of the first Chinese astronaut on TV.,why he didnt answer,the phone,2. Answer the following questions using attributive clauses. 1. Id like to have a friend _ _. 2. Id like to go to a place _ _.,I can trust,whom,there are mountains for a holiday,where,3. Id like to have a bedroom _ _. 4. Id like to play the musical instrument _ _. 5. The reason _ _ was that I had to take care of my sick mother.,that faces the south,which /,which / that have six,strings,why I didnt finish my,homework,6. She is married to a person _ _. 7. Im going to buy a mobile phone _. 8. Ill never forget the day _ _.,whom she has been writing for years,to,which / that has many functions,stayed in the country,when we,定语从句及其易混 句型对比练与析,1. I still remember the days _ I worked with the farmers. I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmers which B. on which C. when D. what 2. We were on the way _ it began to rain. I dont like the way _ you speak to your parents. A. when B. that C. how D. which,C,A,A,B,3. The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday. The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday. A. how B. why C. that D. who 4. Is this school _ you ever visited? Is this the school _ you ever studied? Is this the school in_ you ever studied? A. where B. which C. that D. the one,B,C,D,A,B,5. This is _ he said at he meeting yesterday. This is all_ he said at the meeting yesterday. A. that B. which C. what D. how 6. _ is reported in the newspapers, they have beaten all the other teams. _ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams. _ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams. A. It B. As C. Which D. What,C,A,B,A,D,7. It was such an easy question _ they could answer It was such an easy question _ they could answer it. A. that B. as C. which D. what 8. That is the house, _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months. That is the house, _ the windows hasnt been cleaned for months. That is the house, but _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months. A. its B. its C. whose D. of which,B,A,C,D,A,9. John said hed been working in the office for hours, _ was true. John said hed been working in the office for hours, but _is not true. A. he B. it C. which D. who 10. A few people were caught in the big fire, _ died. A few people were caught in the big fire, _ dead. A. two of who B. two of whom C. two of them D. two of they,C,B,B,C,11. It was 1945 _ the World War II ended. It was in 1945 _ the World War II ended. A. that B. which C. when D. at which 12. Do you know the girl _ calling herself Miss Forgetful? Do you know the girl _ calls herself Miss Forgetful? A. who B. whom C. she D. /,C,A,D,A,13. Dont talk about such things _ you are not sure of. Dont talk about such things of_ you are not sure. which B. what C. as D. those 14. He wrote the best composition, _ surprised all of us. He wrote the best composition _ we all read just now. A. that B. which C. it D. /,C,A,B,A,四. 由that引导的定语从句 that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。 The letter that I received was from my father. 我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的。,在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句： 1) 先行词是不定代词: all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。 All that we have to do is to practice every Day. 我们要做的就是每天练习。,注意！,2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。 The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我所学的第一课永远也忘不了。,Bear them in your mind!,3) 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你给我的书我全读完了。 4) 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。,He is the only person that I want to talk to. 他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。 5) 先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校的人和事。,五. 由as引导的定语从句 as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。 1. such as “像一样的”， “像之类” the sameas “和同样的,注意！,在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such，same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。 This is the same thing as we are in need of. Such people as you say are short now.,2. such as such为代词，意思为 “这样的人/物”，as修饰先行词such。 This book is not such as I hope. 3. the sameas/the same that “用一个” as that都引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语是必须用as.,She is the same age as you that you are. 4. , as “有些” 在这里，as引导非限定性定语从句，相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句，有时可互换。 He is from Beijing, as/which they know from the way he speaks.,六、注意事项：,关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分。 a. This is the place where he works. This is the place which (that) we visited last year.,b. That was the time when he arrived. Do you still remember the days that (which) we spent together? c. This is the reason why he went. The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable.,1. Ive read all the books _ you gave me. A. which B. them C. what D. that,2. There isnt much _ I can do. A. what B. which C. that D. how,C,D,练一练！,3. He keeps a record of everything _ he had seen there. A. he B. that C. which D. what,4. Tell us about the people and the places _ are different from ours. A. that B. who C. which D. whom,A,B,5. Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city _ he had visited in China. A. that B. where C. which D. what,A,6. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that,D,7. Last Sunday they reached Qingdao, _ a conference was to be held. A. which B. that C. when D. where,D,8. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one,9. I began to work in Beijing in the year _ New China was founded. A. when B. that C. which D. where,A,A,10. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom,11. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what,A,B,12. Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A. who B. that C. which D. whom,B,13. This was the supermarket _ I bought this kind of tin. A. where B. that C. who D. which,14. The house _ the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. A. that B. where C. what D. when,A,A,15. This is the last time _ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what,16. The house _ we live is not big. A. in that B. which C. in which D. that,A,C,17. My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. that C. which D. whom,C,18. All _ glitters is not gold. A. that B. which C. 不填 D. what,19. I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way _ he does. A. which B. what C. 不填 D. now,C,A,20. Beijing, _ is the capital of China, is a beautiful city. A. that B. it C. which D. 不填,21. She was no longer the woman she was. A. that B. which C. what D. who,A,C,22. Thats the hotel _ last year. A. which we stayed B. at that we stayed C. Where we stayed at D. where we stayed,D,23. The doctor did all _ to save the wounded boy. A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for which he could do,B,24. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against,C,25. The place _ you are standing used to be an old church. A. which B. where C. that D. when,26. Youve made the same mistake you made last time. A. as B. like C. which D. that,A,B,27. It is not such an interesting magazine _ I thought. A. as B. that C. which D. 不填,28. _ you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D. 不填,A,A,29. Mr Zhou, _ native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages. A. whose B. his C. which D. that,A,30. Do you know the actor _ you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which,B,31. I took my friend to the Summer Palace, _ we had some photos taken. A. where B. which C. that D. 不填,A,32. Do you remember the day _ your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts? A. which B. on which C. about which D. 不填,B,33. The bus, _was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd. A. which of most B. most of which C. which of the most D. most of that,B,34. We all remember the days _ we studied together at school. A. which B. that C. when D. 不填,35. Do you know the reason he didnt come? A. that B. which C. for D. why,C,D,36. I showed the doctor the place _ I felt the pain. A. that B. which C. where D. when,37. He is the only one of the three got the new idea. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had,C,C,38. Im one of the students _ well in English in my class. A. who does B. who do C. which does D. who did,B,39. This is the baby _ tomorrow. A. after whom I shall look B. whom I shall look after C. whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look after,B,40. This is the fastest train _ is going to Nanjing. A. that B. what C. where D. 不填,A,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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