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The use of -ing,由动词加ing词尾构成， 否定结构: 把not放在doing前面。即not doing sth. not having done sth.,1、V-ing可具有时态意义 有一般式（doing）和完成式（having done）之分。 She is proud of being beautiful她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时） I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon 我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后）,我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。 I apologize for not having kept my promise （之前发生） 他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。 He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country （之前发生）,2、V-ing可具有语态意义 如果-ing与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，需用其被动形式（being done，having been done）。 其否定形式是：not being done, not having been done 例如： 他们无法忍受这样的待遇。 They couldnt stand being treated like that （与其逻辑主语They构成被动关系),我听说他被选为那个队的教练。 I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team （与其逻辑主语his构成被动关系),(not) doing,(not) being done,(not) having done,(not) having been done,但是 1)在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，但如果用不定式则用被动式。 例如： The flowers in the garden want watering花园里的花需要浇水了。（比较：The flowers in the garden want to be watered） Thats one of those questions that really dont need answering那是一个那种真的不需回答的问题。（比较：The questions dont need to be answered）,2） 在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。 例如： 他的提议值得考虑 His suggestion is worth considering. 此句可转换成： His suggestion is worthy to be considered.,3） allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。 我不允许他在此地游泳。 I dont allow him to swim here.,.Some foods are eaten without _. A. well absorbing B. being well absorbed C. absorbing D .well absorbed .Articles(物品) used by patients must be disinfected(消毒) before _ others. A. using B. being used by C. used by D. being using,.He attended the party without _. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited Rebecca was unhappy for _ the first chance to go abroad. A. not having been given B. not having given C. not giving D. having not been given,5.By _, water can be changed into gas. A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated 6.The classroom wants _. A. clean B.cleaned C.to clean D.cleaning 7.Though it sounds a bit too dear, it is worth _ . A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 8.This X-ray machine needs_. A. repairing B. to repair C. repaired D. being repaired,9.The officers narrowly escaped _ in the hot battle. A. have killed B. to kill C. to be killed D. being killed 10. Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party. A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited 11.While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth _. A. from polluting B. polluted C. polluting D. being polluted,12.Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left 13.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be taking,14. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. Taught D. Teaching,3、V-ing可带有自己的逻辑主语 一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语可泛指任何人或与句中主语一致。例如： 但出于句意表达的需要，V-ing常常带有自己的逻辑主语。 V-ing自己带的逻辑主语有两种形式：a）在V-ing前加“物主代词或名词的所有格”；b）在V-ing前加“名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格”。两者的区别是：前者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口语中使用后者更为自然。,Do you mind my smoking in the room？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？ I dont remember my mother complaining我不记得我母亲抱怨过。 I object to him making private calls on the office phone我反对他为私事使用办公室电话。,_ ill worried my parents greatly. A. I fell B. Me falling C. My falling D. I falling 2. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. （NET 1992） Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling,其他情况,1.go without saying表示不用说、毫无疑义或不成问题。 It goes without saying that youre welcome to visit me at any time. 还用得着说,你什么时候来看我都欢迎。,2).No+动名词用于表示禁止或不准的简短命令或法规,其后不可接受词。 No parking! No smoking! 禁止吸烟! 禁止泊车!,Ex.2 1.had been cancelled 2.could have been made by Ben 3.were taken to the beach and introduced to some of their friends by the hosts. 4.are tended to be produced by dirty living conditions. 5. is being used as a car park 6.was seen entering the house with knives,Ex.1 P22 being attacked being held up being included being accepted being told being helped out being taken being photographed being swallowed being thrown about,Ex.1 P64 being invited being kept waiting being attacked being award being shouted at being to blamed,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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