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NounClauses,IlikeEnglishHeisateacherIhavevisitedtwocities,BeijingandShanghai.Thesportsmeetinghasbeenputoff.,指出下列名词在句中所做的成分,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,表语,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,宾语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,同位语,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,IdontknowaboutthefactthatthemanisMrWhite.,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。(NounClauses)名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句nounclause,主语从句subjectclause,宾语从句objectclause,表语从句predicativeclause,同位语从句appositiveclause,常见引导词：,1）从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，不作句子成分,仅起引导作用。（引导宾语从句时可省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）,2）连接代词who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等，有意义，作成分,3）连接副词where,when,how,why,howmuch,Howoften,wherever,whenever,however等，有意义，在句中作状语,4）从属连词if,whether（是否）(if只能引导动词、形容词之后的宾语从句),ItisbelievedthathecansolvetheproblemWhenhewillcomeisnotknownWhathewantsisapieceofpaper.WhoevercomesiswelcomeHowthebookwillselldependsonitsauthorThathewillcomeiscertain.,用A句作整个句子的主语,A句就是主语从句,一.主语从句,A,A,A,A,A,A,1）连接词千万不可丢掉2）主语从句句序一定是陈述句序3）主句的谓语动词用单数。4）连接词that引导主语从句时，that不可省略。,主语从句构成,Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.Whathewantsisapieceofpaper.Whoevercomesiswelcome.Thathewillcomeiscertain.,Conj+陈述句,+,整个句子的谓语+其他部分,主语从句,2.注意点：,考点1：连接词：that与what的区别,Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.That(anewteacherwillcometoourschool)istrue.,that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分what既有连接作用，又要在从句中作成分（主语，宾语，表语）(的东西;物;话;时间;地点;人物;数目等不同概念),1._hesaiditmadeusangry._hesaidatthemeetingmadeusangry.2.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where,That,What,B:what(什么)/which(表选择,哪一个),1.-Doyouknow_MrBlacksaddressis?-HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.Imnotsureof_.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_itwas?,what,which,which,Doyouknowwherehelives?Hetoldmethathewouldcome,1.宾语从句构成,主句+Conj+从句（陈述句序）,2.注意点：,b.从句句序一定是陈述句序,c.从句的谓语时态受主句时态制约,d.IdontthinkIknowyou.,宾语从句,二.宾语从句,a.连词将主从句连起来，不能丢.,否定前置,Theproblemiswhocanhelpme.ThisiswhyIcamehere.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thatisbecausehemissedthetrain.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.,1.请总结表语从句构成,主语+系动词+,Conj+从句（陈述句序）,2.注意点：,1）连接词千万不可丢掉,表语从句,三.表语从句,2）表语从句句序一定是陈述句序,3）紧紧跟在系动词后,1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_isapity.2.他来不来不重要。_doesntmatter.,Itdoesntmatterwhether,Thathemadesuchamistake,Itisapitythat,考点2：it作形式主语,形式宾语的用法,it作形式主语,Whetherhewillcomeornot,(2)it指代后面从句所叙述的内容，常用于这些动词后，like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it后常跟if或when从句,it作形式宾语,(1)make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that/todo/forsbtodo,Ihateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.,(3)dependonitthat,1.Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one2.Youmaydependon_thatyouparentswillhelpyouwheneveryouneedit.A.themB.yourselfC.itD.me,3.Youcanhardlyimagine_whenheheardthenews.A.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited,4.Heasked_foraviolinA.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid,在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序,5.Whattimedoyouthink_?willBestycomehereB.BestywillcomehereC.isBestycominghereD.canBestygethere,疑问词+doyouthinksuggestbelievesuppose+陈述语序,考点3.用if或whether填空,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Itseemedasifhewasindifferent(漠然)_hecouldnotgetintoalifeboat.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.,whether/if,whether,if,4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if；b.后面紧跟ornot时,用whetherc.宾语从句是否定结构时只用if,whether,Whether,Fillintheblanksusingwhether/if1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togo.9.Ididntknow_tolaughortocry.10._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.,if/whether,Whether,whether,Whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,If,如果，只用if,IhavenoideawhenhewillreturnTheyraisedquestionwhetherthemanwasreliableIheardthenewsthathewouldcome.Thenewsthatwehavewonisexciting.,1.特点,位置：从句紧贴对应名词,关系：从句解释对应名词的内容,功能：that不做任何成分，无词义，不省,Ihavetwosons,TomandJim,从句解释对应名词的内容，位置相同,四.同位语从句,2.有限的名词,fact,idea,news,promise,truth,wordplan,hope,belief,order,desire,doubt,message,conclusion,suggestion等.,3.定语从句？同位语从句？,Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.Thefactthathesucceededpleasedeverybody.,Wordcamethatwehadwon.,4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别:,(1)同位语从句中，that是连词，不充当成分。(2)定语从句中，that起连接作用外，还充当成分。(3)同位从句与名词是解释关系，定语从句与名词是修饰关系(4)同位语从句that一般不能省略，定语从句中作宾语时可省,Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.,我们表达了他们曾经表示的那种希望。,我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。,（定语从句）,（同位语从句）,1.在一个坚持：insist(坚持应该)两个命令：ordercommand三个建议：suggestadviserecommend（propose）四个要求：require，request，demand，desire等所接的宾语从句中用should+do.should常省略。2.在order，suggestion等名词后同位语从句，表语从句中用should+do，可省略should3.在asif，asthough引导的表语从句中，在必要的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。,考点4虚拟语气问题,4.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有：（1）Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.（2）Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that.（3）Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that.如:Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso.,1.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster,2.Hissuggestionwasthatwe_anothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.AholdBwouldholdCheldDholding,1._wantstodotheexperimentcomestomyoffice.A.whoeverB.who2._willdotheexperimentisknowntonoone.A.whoeverB.who3.Giveitto_youthinkcandotheworkwell.AwhoBwhoeverCWhomeverDthose4.Thelittleboyfoundhewasback_hehadbeen.A.towhichB.whatC.whereverD.where5._shedidwasright.Soeveryonealwaysbelievedher.A.WhatB.WhateverC.HowD.That6.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,wh-和wh-ever的区别,B,B,D,B,B,A,who:谁whoever：无论是谁what:“的东西（事情）”或“什么”，相当于allthat。whatever：无论的东西（事情）等。Which：哪一个whichever：无论哪一个When:什么时候whenever：无论什么时候Where：哪里；什么地方wherever：无论什么地方,点解词义,点解含义,Whowillcomehereisunknown.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished.,指事,指人,技巧篇,A.连词不能省略,B.名词性从句都用陈述句序,两个句子,C.名词性从句指一件事情,1._wantstodotheexperimentcomestomyoffice.A.whoeverB.who2._willdotheexperimentisknowntonoone.A.whoeverB.who,A,B,Whoever从句除外,3.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot_welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where4.Itisnoneofyourbusiness_otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.A.howB.whatC.whichD.when5.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?Thats_thebestjobsare.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why,6._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.7.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.8.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_isourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”9.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.,It,that,It,what,_hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2._Idontlikehimhasnothingwithyou.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto,A,C,C,单项选择,单句改错,1.Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunareknowntoall.2.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaventbeenknownyet.3.Ididntknowthatyouwillcome.4.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.5.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?,is,hasnt,would,was,hewill,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,B,C,D,A,Exercise,1.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethere2.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that3.Hemadeapromise_hewouldhelpme.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which4.Iremember_thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.howB.whenC.whereD.what5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever,B,B,C,B,B,用it作形式主语的结构(2),(3)It不及物动词从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧Itappearsthat似乎,(4)It过去分词从句Itisreportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实Itissaidthat据说,
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