资源描述
三、形容词和副词,考点1形容词和副词的词形变化1.形容词后缀(1)-able:v.+able:reliable,eatable,enjoyable,movable等。n.+able:valuable,reasonable,knowledgeable等。(2)-ible:terrible,horrible,invisible,possible等。,(3)-al:international,mental,medical,natural,general等。(4)-ant或-ent:instant,distant,constant,important,patient,different,absent等。(5)-ed或-ing:interested,interesting,pleased,pleasing等。(6)-en:wooden,golden,spoken,written,mistaken等。,(7)-ern:eastern,southern,western,northern等。(8)-ful:n.+ful:colorful,beautiful,helpful,powerful等。v.+ful:forgetful,careful等。(9)-less:fearless,harmless,useless,helpless等。(10)-ly:friendly,lovely,daily,weekly等。,(11)n./v.+(i)ous:curious,dangerous,various,anxious等。(12)-some:handsome,troublesome,tiresome等。(13)n.+-y:funny,lucky,snowy,rainy,dusty等。,2.形容词前缀(1)un-:unhappy,unfair,unimportant,uncomfortable,unnecessary等。(2)im-:impossible,impolite,impatient等。(3)in-:inactive,inconvenient,incorrect等。(4)dis-:disabled,dishonest等。,(5)ir-:irregular,irresponsible等。(6)il-:illegal等。,3.副词后缀一般都是adj.+-ly构成,如simplesimply等。【点津】注意以-e结尾的形容词变副词时有的去掉e,有的不去e,直接加-ly。例如:definitedefinitely,truetruly。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016全国卷)Thetitlewillbe_(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.,解题关键:此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我,根据句子结构可知,应该使用副词作状语修饰动词given。答案判定:officially,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错1.(2016全国卷)Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich_(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.2.(2016四川高考)Chinesescientists_(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.,gradually,recently,3.(2016浙江高考)Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,_(especial)ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.4.(2015全国卷)Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat_(slow)duringcoolnights.,especially,slowly,5.(2015全国卷)As_(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.6.(2014全国卷)Theriverwassopollutedthatit_(actual)caughtfireandburned.,natural,actually,7.(2014辽宁高考)Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches,naturallyand_(soft).,softly,8.(2014全国卷)Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers_(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.9.(2016全国卷)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.(改错)_,suddenly,steady改为steadily,10.(2016全国卷)Atonetime,IeverfeltmyparentscouldntunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.(改错)_11.(2015全国卷)Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.(改错)_,freely改为free,terrible改为terribly,12.(2014辽宁高考)Thatistoomuchforus,consideringhowcloselythehousesare.(改错)_,closely改为close,考点2形容词和副词的基本用法1.在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、与派生词变化无关的基本形容词和副词的用法,如before,ago,many,much,ever,never等。,2.有些副词,如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等,作评注性状语,往往修饰整个句子,而且它们常位于句首,且有逗号与后面句子分开。把握这样的结构和用法特点,有助于快速填空。,3.连接副词的用法,【点津】注意however是常考词,而且尤其要注意,所填空位于句首时,勿忘大写第一个字母!短文改错中可能会涉及对这些副词逻辑语意的考查。*Manyofuswereraisedwiththesaying“Wastenot,wantnot.”Noneofus,however,cancompletelyavoidwasteinourlives.,【典例剖析】单句改错(2015全国卷)Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.,解题关键:可数名词复数animals前应该用many修饰。注意:首字母应该大写。答案判定:句中的MuchMany,【高考题组】单句改错1.(2014全国卷)Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden._,before改为ago,2.(2014全国卷)Therearesomuchtomatoesthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors._3.(2015陕西高考)Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell._,much改为many,well改为good,4.(2013全国卷)Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch._5.(2013全国卷)However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown._,much改为well/clearly,never改为ever,考点3比较级、最高级的用法有关比较级和最高级的考查主要有以下几点:1.等级用法的固定句式(1)as+形容词或副词原级+as.像一样(2)as+adj.+a(n)+n.单数+as.像一样(3)notso/as+形容词或副词原级+as.不如那样,(4)too/how+adj.+a/an+单数名词的固定句型(5)asmany+复数名词+as.或者asmuch+不可数名词+as.和一样多(6)表示“两者中较的一个”,用“the+比较级”的结构。,注意:asmuch+a/an+n.单数+as.既是又是*Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.人们通常认为教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。,2.修饰比较级的副词及副词短语abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,manytimes,alot,agreatdeal,any,still,even,no等。见到这些词时,首先考虑所填空是否要用比较级或最高级形式。注意:very,quite,fairly,too等通常修饰原级。,3.否定词十比较级表示最高级Yourstoryisperfect;Iveneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了,我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。Icantagreemore.我非常同意。,【点津】(1)对于形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的考查具有比较直接化的特点,常出现标志性的单词,如as,than等,也常通过设置语境,让考生判断用原级、比较级还是最高级,所以准确理解语境意义,理顺上下文逻辑关系也是解题关键。,(2)在写作中要注意对“the+比较级.,the+比较级.”这一句式结构的掌握,在两个the+比较级的后面的两个分句都要用陈述语序。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016全国卷)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof_(great)andlessimportance.,解题关键:空格处和lessimportance是并列关系,应用比较级。答案判定:greater,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错1.(2015北京高考)Ididntrealizehowlateitwaswhenwewereplaying.Maybeweshouldplaysome_(quiet)musicatnight.2.(2015天津高考)Itwasalsomuchmorethanwecouldafford,butfar_(little)thantheoriginalaskingprice.,quieter,less,3.(2015天津高考)Helookedatmeforamoment,andthenwroteasentencecontainingthe_(good)adviceIveeverhad.4.(2014全国卷)Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_(clean)thanever.,best,cleaner,5.(2016全国卷)Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.(改错)_6.(2016四川高考)ThedishesthatIcookedwereMomsfavoritest.(改错)_,worse改为worst,favoritest改为favorite,7.(2015陕西高考)Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld.(改错)_8.(2013浙江高考)Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.(改错)_,better改为best,bad改为worse,考点4倍数句型的用法常见的倍数句型主要有:1.Ais+倍数十比较级+than+B。2.Ais+倍数+as+原级+as+B。3.Ais+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+B。4.the+名词(size,length,height等)+ofA+is+倍数+that+of+B。,5.Ais+倍数+what引导的名词性从句。*Smokingisharmfultopeopleshealth,killingseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthantrafficaccidents.吸烟有害健康,每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。,【点津】(1)从句型结构的差异词汇出发,牢记各个句型间的细节差异。(2)在实际应用中,倍数词可以用分数或half,double等词替换。,【典例剖析】用适当的词填空(2013安徽高考)Itssaidthatthepowerplantisnowtwice_largeaswhatitwas.,解题关键:句意:据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数的表达法有多种,此处为“倍数词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+其他”结构。注意题干中已经有了一个as。答案判定:as,
展开阅读全文